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Questions and Answers
What is the main difference between growth and development?
Which factor affects growth and development by influencing biological traits passed down from parents?
In what order do developmental changes typically proceed according to the text?
How do contextual factors influence physical growth according to the text?
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According to Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development, at what age do levels and stages occur?
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In Sigmund Freud's Psychosexual theory, which stage occurs during the ages of 3 to 6 years?
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What was Sigmund Freud's primary goal in developing his Psychosexual theory?
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How does Erik Erikson's psychosocial model differ from Freud's Psychosexual theory?
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During which stage in Erikson's Eight Stages of Development does a child typically experience Autonomy versus sense of shame and doubt?
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According to Havighurst's developmental tasks, what creates the conditions necessary for individuals to learn social behaviors and ethical norms?
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In Erikson's theory, which stage involves the conflict between Generative versus self-absorption and stagnation?
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What is emphasized in the text regarding developmental theories in nursing?
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According to Kohlberg, moral development depends on the child's ability to understand:
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Nurses who use developmental theories understand that people experience:
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Which of the following are health risks more prevalent for young male adults?
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Which age group does the nurse anticipate has the greatest risk for problems regulating body temperature?
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Study Notes
Growth and Development
- Growth refers to physical changes, whereas development encompasses physical, emotional, and psychological changes.
- Genetic factors influence biological traits passed down from parents, affecting growth and development.
Developmental Changes
- Developmental changes typically proceed in a cephalocaudal (head-to-toe) and proximodistal (core to extremities) direction.
Contextual Factors
- Contextual factors, such as nutrition, socioeconomic status, and access to healthcare, influence physical growth.
Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development
- Levels and stages of moral development occur around age 10-13.
- Moral development depends on the child's ability to understand moral reasoning and take multiple perspectives.
Freud's Psychosexual Theory
- The phallic stage occurs during ages 3-6 years.
- Freud's primary goal was to explain the role of unconscious conflicts and childhood experiences in shaping personality.
Erikson's Psychosocial Model
- Erikson's theory differs from Freud's in its focus on social and cultural factors, rather than solely on unconscious conflicts.
- Autonomy versus sense of shame and doubt occurs during the toddler stage (1-3 years).
- The conflict between Generative versus self-absorption and stagnation occurs during the middle adulthood stage (40-65 years).
Havighurst's Developmental Tasks
- Social interactions and relationships create the conditions necessary for individuals to learn social behaviors and ethical norms.
Developmental Theories in Nursing
- Emphasis is on understanding the individual's developmental stage to provide personalized care.
- Nurses recognize that people experience physical, emotional, and psychological changes across the lifespan.
Health Risks
- Young male adults are more prone to health risks such as accidents, homicide, and suicide.
- The nurse anticipates that the elderly population has the greatest risk for problems regulating body temperature.
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Description
Test your knowledge on Erikson’s Eight Stages of Development including Trust versus Mistrust, Autonomy versus Shame and Doubt, Initiative versus Guilt, Industry versus Inferiority, Identity versus Role Confusion, Intimacy versus Isolation, Generativity versus Stagnation, and Integrity. Explore the key concepts and age ranges associated with each stage.
