Eras of History

Study Notes

Prehistory: Before written records, from emergence of humans to development of writing systems
Ancient History: From invention of writing to fall of Western Roman Empire (3000 BCE - 476 CE)
Medieval History: From fall of Western Roman Empire to Renaissance (476 - 1450 CE)
Early Modern History: From Renaissance to French Revolution (1450 - 1789 CE)
Modern History: From French Revolution to present day (1789 CE - present)

Agricultural Revolution: Emergence of agriculture, circa 10,000 BCE
Rise of Civilizations: Development of cities, states, and empires (e.g. Mesopotamia, Egypt, China)
Classical Antiquity: Golden age of ancient Greece and Rome (500 BCE - 476 CE)
The Crusades: Series of holy wars between Christians and Muslims (1095 - 1291 CE)
The Enlightenment: Era of intellectual and cultural transformation in Europe (1685 - 1815 CE)

Ancient Leaders: Alexander the Great, Julius Caesar, Cleopatra
Medieval Monarchs: Charlemagne, King Arthur, Richard the Lionheart
Enlightenment Thinkers: René Descartes, John Locke, Voltaire
Revolutionary Leaders: George Washington, Maximilien Robespierre, Napoleon Bonaparte

Empires and Imperialism: Rise and fall of empires, colonialism, and imperialism
War and Conflict: Causes, courses, and consequences of wars throughout history
Culture and Society: Development of art, literature, science, and technology
Politics and Government: Evolution of political systems, ideologies, and institutions

Prehistory spans from the emergence of humans to the development of writing systems
Ancient History lasted from 3000 BCE to 476 CE, covering the invention of writing to the fall of the Western Roman Empire
Medieval History covers the period from 476 CE to 1450 CE, from the fall of the Western Roman Empire to the Renaissance
Early Modern History spans from 1450 CE to 1789 CE, from the Renaissance to the French Revolution
Modern History began in 1789 CE and continues to the present day

The Agricultural Revolution marked the emergence of agriculture, circa 10,000 BCE
The Rise of Civilizations saw the development of cities, states, and empires such as Mesopotamia, Egypt, and China
Classical Antiquity was a golden age of ancient Greece and Rome, spanning from 500 BCE to 476 CE
The Crusades were a series of holy wars between Christians and Muslims, lasting from 1095 CE to 1291 CE
The Enlightenment was an era of intellectual and cultural transformation in Europe, from 1685 CE to 1815 CE

Ancient leaders include Alexander the Great, Julius Caesar, and Cleopatra
Medieval monarchs include Charlemagne, King Arthur, and Richard the Lionheart
Enlightenment thinkers include René Descartes, John Locke, and Voltaire
Revolutionary leaders include George Washington, Maximilien Robespierre, and Napoleon Bonaparte

Empires and Imperialism explore the rise and fall of empires, colonialism, and imperialism
War and Conflict examine the causes, courses, and consequences of wars throughout history
Culture and Society delve into the development of art, literature, science, and technology
Politics and Government follow the evolution of political systems, ideologies, and institutions