60 Questions
True or false: Drug toxicity occurs when drug levels exceed the therapeutic range?
True
True or false: Tolerance refers to an increased responsiveness to a drug over the course of therapy?
False
True or false: Tachyphylaxis refers to a rapid decrease in response to a drug?
True
True or false: The placebo effect is a drug response attributed to the chemical properties of the drug?
False
True or false: Drug interaction refers to an altered or modified effect of a drug due to interaction with other drugs?
True
True or false: Drug-nutrient interaction occurs when food enhances the body's pharmacokinetic response to drugs?
False
True or false: Tyramine-rich foods should be avoided when taking monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) antidepressants?
True
True or false: Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) can alter pharmacokinetic processes and drug responses?
True
True or false: Drug-laboratory interactions can lead to misinterpretation or invalidation of test results?
True
True or false: Drug-laboratory interactions can lead to missed or erroneous clinical diagnosis?
True
Match the following adverse drug reactions with their corresponding management strategies:
Dermatological Reactions = Administer antihistamines, corticosteroids Liver Damage = Monitor liver function tests, discontinue hepatotoxic drugs Renal Damage = Adjust dosages based on renal function Bone Marrow Depression = Use growth factors
Match the following drug response phenomena with their definitions:
Tolerance = Decreased responsiveness to a drug over the course of therapy Tachyphylaxis = Rapid decrease in response to a drug Placebo Effect = Drug response not attributed to the chemical properties of the drug Drug Interaction = Altered or modified action or effect of a drug as a result of interaction with one or multiple drugs
Match the drug interaction types with their descriptions:
Drug Incompatibility = Chemical or physical reaction that occurs among two or more drugs in vitro Drug Nutrient Interaction = Food may increase, decrease, or delay the body’s pharmacokinetic response to drugs Drug-laboratory Interactions = May lead to misinterpretation or invalidation of test results
Match the following drug-induced conditions with their monitoring methods:
Liver Damage = Monitor liver function tests, jaundice Renal Damage = Monitor renal function, decreased urine output Bone Marrow Depression = Monitor blood counts, anemia, bleeding Teratogenicity = Monitor pregnant patients for fetal anomalies
Match the following conditions with their effects on drug pharmacokinetics:
Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) = May alter pharmacokinetic processes and drug responses, resulting in toxicity Drug Toxicity = Occurs when drug levels exceed the therapeutic range Tolerance = Requires a higher dosage of drug to achieve the same therapeutic response
Which of the following is NOT a potential side effect of drug toxicity?
Ulcers in the oral cavity
Which of the following is a potential management strategy for liver damage caused by drug toxicity?
Monitor liver function tests and jaundice
Which of the following is a potential effect of bone marrow depression?
Decreased blood cell production
Which of the following is a potential consequence of teratogenicity?
Birth defects or developmental abnormalities
Which of the following is NOT a drug response phenomenon?
Drug-laboratory interaction
Which of the following is a potential consequence of drug-nutrient interaction?
Altered pharmacokinetic response to drugs
Which of the following is a potential consequence of drug-laboratory interaction?
Misinterpretation or invalidation of test results
Which of the following is a potential consequence of protein-energy malnutrition (PEM)?
Altered pharmacokinetic processes and drug responses
Which of the following is a potential consequence of drug-nutrient interaction?
Altered pharmacokinetic response to drugs
Which of the following is a potential consequence of drug-laboratory interaction?
Misinterpretation or invalidation of test results
Patients taking monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) should avoid consuming tyramine-rich foods such as cheese, wine, organ meats, beer, yogurt, sour cream, or bananas to prevent a hypertensive ______.
crisis
The placebo effect is a drug response not attributed to the chemical properties of the drug, but rather influenced by the beliefs, attitudes, and expectations of the ______.
patient
Drug-nutrient interaction occurs when food may increase, decrease, or delay the body’s pharmacokinetic response to ______.
drugs
Drug-laboratory interactions may lead to misinterpretation or invalidation of test results, resulting in additional health care costs associated with unnecessary repeat laboratory testing or additional ______.
testing
Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) may alter pharmacokinetic processes and drug responses, resulting in ______.
toxicity
Patients may experience increased ______ and hyperactivity when older and taking narcotics
stimulation
Adverse drug reactions are always ______ and must be reported and documented
undesirable
An ______ reaction is an immune response that occurs after prior sensitization to a drug
allergic
Physical ______ develops when the body has adapted to drug exposure and will result in withdrawal symptoms if drug use is stopped
dependence
Drug toxicity occurs when drug levels exceed the therapeutic ______
range
Patients with protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) may have altered pharmacokinetics, such as decreased drug absorption and decreased ______ binding
protein
Drug-laboratory interactions may lead to misinterpretation or invalidation of test results, resulting in additional health care costs associated with unnecessary repeat laboratory testing or additional ______
testing
The placebo effect is a drug response not attributed to the chemical properties of the drug, but rather influenced by the beliefs, attitudes, and expectations of the ______
patient
The therapeutic index is the difference between the ______ and toxic dose
therapeutic dose
The therapeutic range is a range of doses that produce a therapeutic response without causing significant ______ effect in patients
adverse
Therapeutic Dose - is the dose of a drug that produces a therapeutic response in ______ of the population
50%
Toxic Dose - is the dose of a drug that produces a toxic response in ______ of the population
50%
Pharmacodynamics is the study of the effects of drugs on the body and how they do it. A drug’s primary effect is the desirable response, and the secondary effect may be desirable or ______.
undesirable
The primary effect of diphenhydramine is to treat the symptoms of allergy; the secondary effect is a central nervous system (CNS) depression that causes ______.
drowsiness
Dose-response relationship is the body’s physiologic response to changes in drug concentration at the site of ______.
action
Stimulation is a drug response that ______ intrinsic activity
enhances
Antagonist drugs ______ receptor activation and block a response
prevent
Hypersensitivity is an excessively ______ response of a patient to a drug
responsive
Patients with G6PD deficiency may develop varying degrees of red blood cell ______ when exposed to drugs such as sulfonamides or aspirin
hemolysis
Insomnia and excitement may occur when some children and older adults are given benzodiazepines for sedation
paradoxical effect
Patients taking certain antipsychotic drugs may develop a syndrome whose symptoms closely resemble those of Parkinson disease
iatrogenic
Pharmacodynamics is the study of the effects of drugs on the body and how they do it. A drug’s primary effect is the desirable response, and the secondary effect may be desirable or ______.
undesirable
A drug with high potency, such as fentanyl, produces significant therapeutic responses at low concentrations; a drug with low potency, such as codeine, produces minimal therapeutic responses at low ______.
concentrations
The therapeutic index is the ratio between the toxic dose of a drug and the therapeutic ______ of a drug. Drugs with a high therapeutic index are safe.
dose
Drug-laboratory interactions may lead to misinterpretation or invalidation of test results, resulting in additional health care costs associated with unnecessary repeat laboratory testing or additional ______
testing
Drug-nutrient interaction occurs when food may increase, decrease, or delay the body’s pharmacokinetic response to ______.
drugs
Patients with protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) may have altered pharmacokinetics, such as decreased drug absorption and decreased ______ binding
protein
True or false: Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) can alter pharmacokinetic processes and drug responses?
true
Match the following drug interaction types with their descriptions:
Match the following adverse drug reactions with their corresponding management strategies:
Test your knowledge on side effects, adverse drug reactions, and drug toxicity in relation to aging and receptor sensitivity. Explore how older individuals may react differently to narcotics and why hyperactivity rather than sedation is often observed.
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