Pharmacodynamics 1

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True or false: Drug toxicity occurs when drug levels exceed the therapeutic range?

True

True or false: Tolerance refers to an increased responsiveness to a drug over the course of therapy?

False

True or false: Tachyphylaxis refers to a rapid decrease in response to a drug?

True

True or false: The placebo effect is a drug response attributed to the chemical properties of the drug?

False Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Drug interaction refers to an altered or modified effect of a drug due to interaction with other drugs?

True Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Drug-nutrient interaction occurs when food enhances the body's pharmacokinetic response to drugs?

False Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Tyramine-rich foods should be avoided when taking monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) antidepressants?

True Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) can alter pharmacokinetic processes and drug responses?

True Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Drug-laboratory interactions can lead to misinterpretation or invalidation of test results?

True Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Drug-laboratory interactions can lead to missed or erroneous clinical diagnosis?

True Signup and view all the answers

Match the following adverse drug reactions with their corresponding management strategies:

Dermatological Reactions = Administer antihistamines, corticosteroids Liver Damage = Monitor liver function tests, discontinue hepatotoxic drugs Renal Damage = Adjust dosages based on renal function Bone Marrow Depression = Use growth factors Signup and view all the answers

Match the following drug response phenomena with their definitions:

Tolerance = Decreased responsiveness to a drug over the course of therapy Tachyphylaxis = Rapid decrease in response to a drug Placebo Effect = Drug response not attributed to the chemical properties of the drug Drug Interaction = Altered or modified action or effect of a drug as a result of interaction with one or multiple drugs Signup and view all the answers

Match the drug interaction types with their descriptions:

Drug Incompatibility = Chemical or physical reaction that occurs among two or more drugs in vitro Drug Nutrient Interaction = Food may increase, decrease, or delay the body’s pharmacokinetic response to drugs Drug-laboratory Interactions = May lead to misinterpretation or invalidation of test results Signup and view all the answers

Match the following drug-induced conditions with their monitoring methods:

Liver Damage = Monitor liver function tests, jaundice Renal Damage = Monitor renal function, decreased urine output Bone Marrow Depression = Monitor blood counts, anemia, bleeding Teratogenicity = Monitor pregnant patients for fetal anomalies Signup and view all the answers

Match the following conditions with their effects on drug pharmacokinetics:

Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) = May alter pharmacokinetic processes and drug responses, resulting in toxicity Drug Toxicity = Occurs when drug levels exceed the therapeutic range Tolerance = Requires a higher dosage of drug to achieve the same therapeutic response Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a potential side effect of drug toxicity?

Ulcers in the oral cavity Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential management strategy for liver damage caused by drug toxicity?

Monitor liver function tests and jaundice Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential effect of bone marrow depression?

Decreased blood cell production Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential consequence of teratogenicity?

Birth defects or developmental abnormalities Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a drug response phenomenon?

Drug-laboratory interaction Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential consequence of drug-nutrient interaction?

Altered pharmacokinetic response to drugs Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential consequence of drug-laboratory interaction?

Misinterpretation or invalidation of test results Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential consequence of protein-energy malnutrition (PEM)?

Altered pharmacokinetic processes and drug responses Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential consequence of drug-nutrient interaction?

Altered pharmacokinetic response to drugs Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential consequence of drug-laboratory interaction?

Misinterpretation or invalidation of test results Signup and view all the answers

Patients taking monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) should avoid consuming tyramine-rich foods such as cheese, wine, organ meats, beer, yogurt, sour cream, or bananas to prevent a hypertensive ______.

crisis Signup and view all the answers

The placebo effect is a drug response not attributed to the chemical properties of the drug, but rather influenced by the beliefs, attitudes, and expectations of the ______.

patient Signup and view all the answers

Drug-nutrient interaction occurs when food may increase, decrease, or delay the body’s pharmacokinetic response to ______.

drugs Signup and view all the answers

Drug-laboratory interactions may lead to misinterpretation or invalidation of test results, resulting in additional health care costs associated with unnecessary repeat laboratory testing or additional ______.

testing Signup and view all the answers

Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) may alter pharmacokinetic processes and drug responses, resulting in ______.

toxicity Signup and view all the answers

Patients may experience increased ______ and hyperactivity when older and taking narcotics

stimulation Signup and view all the answers

Adverse drug reactions are always ______ and must be reported and documented

undesirable Signup and view all the answers

An ______ reaction is an immune response that occurs after prior sensitization to a drug

allergic Signup and view all the answers

Physical ______ develops when the body has adapted to drug exposure and will result in withdrawal symptoms if drug use is stopped

dependence Signup and view all the answers

Drug toxicity occurs when drug levels exceed the therapeutic ______

range Signup and view all the answers

Patients with protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) may have altered pharmacokinetics, such as decreased drug absorption and decreased ______ binding

protein Signup and view all the answers

Drug-laboratory interactions may lead to misinterpretation or invalidation of test results, resulting in additional health care costs associated with unnecessary repeat laboratory testing or additional ______

testing Signup and view all the answers

The placebo effect is a drug response not attributed to the chemical properties of the drug, but rather influenced by the beliefs, attitudes, and expectations of the ______

patient Signup and view all the answers

The therapeutic index is the difference between the ______ and toxic dose

therapeutic dose Signup and view all the answers

The therapeutic range is a range of doses that produce a therapeutic response without causing significant ______ effect in patients

adverse Signup and view all the answers

Therapeutic Dose - is the dose of a drug that produces a therapeutic response in ______ of the population

50% Signup and view all the answers

Toxic Dose - is the dose of a drug that produces a toxic response in ______ of the population

50% Signup and view all the answers

Pharmacodynamics is the study of the effects of drugs on the body and how they do it. A drug’s primary effect is the desirable response, and the secondary effect may be desirable or ______.

undesirable Signup and view all the answers

The primary effect of diphenhydramine is to treat the symptoms of allergy; the secondary effect is a central nervous system (CNS) depression that causes ______.

drowsiness Signup and view all the answers

Dose-response relationship is the body’s physiologic response to changes in drug concentration at the site of ______.

action Signup and view all the answers

Stimulation is a drug response that ______ intrinsic activity

enhances Signup and view all the answers

Antagonist drugs ______ receptor activation and block a response

prevent Signup and view all the answers

Hypersensitivity is an excessively ______ response of a patient to a drug

responsive Signup and view all the answers

Patients with G6PD deficiency may develop varying degrees of red blood cell ______ when exposed to drugs such as sulfonamides or aspirin

hemolysis Signup and view all the answers

Insomnia and excitement may occur when some children and older adults are given benzodiazepines for sedation

paradoxical effect Signup and view all the answers

Patients taking certain antipsychotic drugs may develop a syndrome whose symptoms closely resemble those of Parkinson disease

iatrogenic Signup and view all the answers

Pharmacodynamics is the study of the effects of drugs on the body and how they do it. A drug’s primary effect is the desirable response, and the secondary effect may be desirable or ______.

undesirable Signup and view all the answers

A drug with high potency, such as fentanyl, produces significant therapeutic responses at low concentrations; a drug with low potency, such as codeine, produces minimal therapeutic responses at low ______.

concentrations Signup and view all the answers

The therapeutic index is the ratio between the toxic dose of a drug and the therapeutic ______ of a drug. Drugs with a high therapeutic index are safe.

dose Signup and view all the answers

Drug-laboratory interactions may lead to misinterpretation or invalidation of test results, resulting in additional health care costs associated with unnecessary repeat laboratory testing or additional ______

testing Signup and view all the answers

Drug-nutrient interaction occurs when food may increase, decrease, or delay the body’s pharmacokinetic response to ______.

drugs Signup and view all the answers

Patients with protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) may have altered pharmacokinetics, such as decreased drug absorption and decreased ______ binding

protein Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) can alter pharmacokinetic processes and drug responses?

true Signup and view all the answers

Match the following drug interaction types with their descriptions:

Signup and view all the answers

Match the following adverse drug reactions with their corresponding management strategies:

Signup and view all the answers

Pharmacodynamics 1

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Questions and Answers

True or false: Drug toxicity occurs when drug levels exceed the therapeutic range?

True or false: Tolerance refers to an increased responsiveness to a drug over the course of therapy?

True or false: Tachyphylaxis refers to a rapid decrease in response to a drug?

True or false: The placebo effect is a drug response attributed to the chemical properties of the drug?

True or false: Drug interaction refers to an altered or modified effect of a drug due to interaction with other drugs?

True or false: Drug-nutrient interaction occurs when food enhances the body's pharmacokinetic response to drugs?

True or false: Tyramine-rich foods should be avoided when taking monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) antidepressants?

True or false: Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) can alter pharmacokinetic processes and drug responses?

True or false: Drug-laboratory interactions can lead to misinterpretation or invalidation of test results?

True or false: Drug-laboratory interactions can lead to missed or erroneous clinical diagnosis?

Match the following adverse drug reactions with their corresponding management strategies:

Match the following drug response phenomena with their definitions:

Match the drug interaction types with their descriptions:

Match the following drug-induced conditions with their monitoring methods:

Match the following conditions with their effects on drug pharmacokinetics:

Which of the following is NOT a potential side effect of drug toxicity?

Which of the following is a potential management strategy for liver damage caused by drug toxicity?

Which of the following is a potential effect of bone marrow depression?

Which of the following is a potential consequence of teratogenicity?

Which of the following is NOT a drug response phenomenon?

Which of the following is a potential consequence of drug-nutrient interaction?

Which of the following is a potential consequence of drug-laboratory interaction?

Which of the following is a potential consequence of protein-energy malnutrition (PEM)?

Which of the following is a potential consequence of drug-nutrient interaction?

Which of the following is a potential consequence of drug-laboratory interaction?

Patients taking monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) should avoid consuming tyramine-rich foods such as cheese, wine, organ meats, beer, yogurt, sour cream, or bananas to prevent a hypertensive ______.

The placebo effect is a drug response not attributed to the chemical properties of the drug, but rather influenced by the beliefs, attitudes, and expectations of the ______.

Drug-nutrient interaction occurs when food may increase, decrease, or delay the body’s pharmacokinetic response to ______.

Drug-laboratory interactions may lead to misinterpretation or invalidation of test results, resulting in additional health care costs associated with unnecessary repeat laboratory testing or additional ______.

Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) may alter pharmacokinetic processes and drug responses, resulting in ______.

Patients may experience increased ______ and hyperactivity when older and taking narcotics

Adverse drug reactions are always ______ and must be reported and documented

An ______ reaction is an immune response that occurs after prior sensitization to a drug

Physical ______ develops when the body has adapted to drug exposure and will result in withdrawal symptoms if drug use is stopped

Drug toxicity occurs when drug levels exceed the therapeutic ______

Patients with protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) may have altered pharmacokinetics, such as decreased drug absorption and decreased ______ binding

Drug-laboratory interactions may lead to misinterpretation or invalidation of test results, resulting in additional health care costs associated with unnecessary repeat laboratory testing or additional ______

The placebo effect is a drug response not attributed to the chemical properties of the drug, but rather influenced by the beliefs, attitudes, and expectations of the ______

The therapeutic index is the difference between the ______ and toxic dose

The therapeutic range is a range of doses that produce a therapeutic response without causing significant ______ effect in patients

Therapeutic Dose - is the dose of a drug that produces a therapeutic response in ______ of the population

Toxic Dose - is the dose of a drug that produces a toxic response in ______ of the population

Pharmacodynamics is the study of the effects of drugs on the body and how they do it. A drug’s primary effect is the desirable response, and the secondary effect may be desirable or ______.

The primary effect of diphenhydramine is to treat the symptoms of allergy; the secondary effect is a central nervous system (CNS) depression that causes ______.

Dose-response relationship is the body’s physiologic response to changes in drug concentration at the site of ______.

Stimulation is a drug response that ______ intrinsic activity

Antagonist drugs ______ receptor activation and block a response

Hypersensitivity is an excessively ______ response of a patient to a drug

Patients with G6PD deficiency may develop varying degrees of red blood cell ______ when exposed to drugs such as sulfonamides or aspirin

Insomnia and excitement may occur when some children and older adults are given benzodiazepines for sedation

Patients taking certain antipsychotic drugs may develop a syndrome whose symptoms closely resemble those of Parkinson disease

Pharmacodynamics is the study of the effects of drugs on the body and how they do it. A drug’s primary effect is the desirable response, and the secondary effect may be desirable or ______.

A drug with high potency, such as fentanyl, produces significant therapeutic responses at low concentrations; a drug with low potency, such as codeine, produces minimal therapeutic responses at low ______.

The therapeutic index is the ratio between the toxic dose of a drug and the therapeutic ______ of a drug. Drugs with a high therapeutic index are safe.

Drug-laboratory interactions may lead to misinterpretation or invalidation of test results, resulting in additional health care costs associated with unnecessary repeat laboratory testing or additional ______

Drug-nutrient interaction occurs when food may increase, decrease, or delay the body’s pharmacokinetic response to ______.

Patients with protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) may have altered pharmacokinetics, such as decreased drug absorption and decreased ______ binding

True or false: Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) can alter pharmacokinetic processes and drug responses?

Match the following drug interaction types with their descriptions:

Match the following adverse drug reactions with their corresponding management strategies:

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