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Equity vs. Equality and Poverty in Canada
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Equity vs. Equality and Poverty in Canada

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Questions and Answers

What is a consequence of health inequities noted in the content?

  • Men in poorer neighborhoods live shorter lives. (correct)
  • Wealthier neighborhoods have lower rates of infection.
  • The richest people have the highest suicide rates.
  • Infant mortality is higher in wealthier areas.

    • Which of the following statements about suicide rates is true?

  • Suicide rates are solely affected by cultural factors.
  • Suicide rates are consistent across all income levels.
  • Suicide rates in lower income neighborhoods are less than in higher income neighborhoods.
  • Suicide rates in the lowest income neighborhoods are twice those in the highest. (correct)

    • How does the life expectancy of men in wealthiest neighborhoods compare to those in the poorest neighborhoods?

  • They live 2 years longer.
  • They live about the same number of years.
  • They live 5 years longer. (correct)
  • They live 10 years longer.

    • What is indicated about social dysfunction in relation to inequality?

    <p>General social dysfunction is related to inequality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What relationship exists between countries that fare worse in health outcomes and inequality?

    <p>Countries that fare worse are generally more unequal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does income play in affecting health-related behaviors?

    <p>Higher income leads to better adoption of health-related behaviors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does income influence other social determinants of health (SDoH)?

    <p>Income determines the quality of various SDoH.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'social gradient' refer to in public health?

    <p>The variation in health outcomes among different income levels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be inferred about power and income distribution?

    <p>A small group can hold disproportionate power over resources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the content, how does inequality within societies affect child well-being?

    <p>Children in unequal societies generally fare worse.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicated by the assertion that 'the poorest of the poor have the worst health'?

    <p>Lower socioeconomic status correlates with poorer health.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant finding about income inequality according to Wilkinson's TED Talk?

    <p>Life expectancy differences are more pronounced within societies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements best captures the concept of power as defined in the content?

    <p>Power is the ability to act or influence others.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does equity primarily focus on?

    <p>Fairness and justice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best defines absolute poverty?

    <p>Living below a specific poverty line that threatens survival.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the disadvantages of measuring poverty using absolute poverty standards?

    <p>It is difficult to define a minimum set of necessities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Relative poverty is primarily connected to which aspect?

    <p>Societal averages and standards.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT typically considered a factor contributing to poverty?

    <p>Cultural perceptions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the poverty rate in Canada in 2020?

    <p>6.4%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why did the poverty rate in Canada show fluctuations between 2012 and 2020?

    <p>Economic conditions and events like COVID-19</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'social connectedness' refer to in the context of poverty?

    <p>Participation in community and social networks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the term 'deprivation' as related to poverty?

    <p>Lack of sufficient resources and means.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does 'survival' relate to absolute poverty?

    <p>Survival is threatened when absolute basic needs are unmet.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a Gini coefficient of 0 indicate?

    <p>Perfect equality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Gini coefficient for the USA according to the data?

    <p>41.1%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of income distribution, which scenario is considered more desirable?

    <p>A low Gini coefficient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which country has the highest Gini coefficient among those listed?

    <p>South Africa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Gini coefficient of Canada?

    <p>33.3%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a Gini coefficient of 1 signify?

    <p>Perfect income inequality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which region does Canada fall concerning the OECD nations based on income inequality?

    <p>High Gini coefficient nations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Gini coefficient for Census Tract 37 in Hamilton?

    <p>0.67</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main rationale behind implementing a Basic Income program?

    <p>To ensure individuals have sufficient funds for their basic needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has been the consequence of the welfare rates being frozen since 2018 in Ontario?

    <p>Increased poverty rates among recipients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the employment clawback for OW and ODSP affect income earned above a certain threshold?

    <p>It deducts $0.50 for every dollar earned over $200</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group canceled the Basic Income pilot program in Hamilton?

    <p>The Conservative government</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does poverty during childhood have on an individual's health, according to the context provided?

    <p>It can lead to poor health outcomes throughout the individual's lifespan.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential benefit of investing in guaranteed income programs?

    <p>Long-term savings in health, justice, and social services</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the duration of poverty impact health, as mentioned in the content?

    <p>Both the depth and duration of poverty contribute to health risks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do advocacy groups in Ontario aim to achieve regarding welfare rates?

    <p>To reflect inflation and the impacts of the pandemic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Equity vs. Equality

    • Equity focuses on fairness and justice.
    • Equality focuses on sameness or equal treatment.

    Poverty

    • Poverty is defined as the condition of lacking resources, means, choices, and power to maintain basic living standards and social participation.
    • Poverty encompasses financial, social, and basic need deprivation.
    • Power is a key element of poverty.

    Poverty Measurement

    • Absolute Poverty: Measured by comparing income to a fixed poverty line based on basic needs, focusing on survival.
      • It's difficult to precisely define "basic needs."
      • Poverty lines change depending on location and time.
    • Relative poverty: Measured by comparing an individual's income to the average standard of living in a society, focusing on exclusion.
      • Linked to social inequality.

    Poverty in Canada

    • In 2020, 6.4% of Canadians lived in poverty, down from 10.3% in 2019.
    • Canada's poverty rate has fluctuated between 2012 and 2020.
    • The highest rate occurred in 2012.

    Income as a Social Determinant of Health (SDoH)

    • Individual Perspective: Income shapes living conditions, influencing physiological/psychological well-being and health behaviors.
      • This impacts dietary choices, physical activity participation, tobacco use, and alcohol consumption.
    • Population Perspective: Income determines access to other SDoH, like food security, housing, education, and early childhood development.
      • Income is considered a pivotal SDoH, influencing the quality of other social determinants.

    Power and Injustices

    • Power is the ability to act or influence others and events.
    • A small group holds a disproportionate amount of power, contributing to social injustice.
    • Power influences income distribution and health, as well as other SDoH.

    Income Inequality and Health

    • Income inequality is more significant within societies than between societies.
    • Children in more unequal societies experience worse well-being.
    • The lower an individual's socioeconomic position, the poorer their health (social gradient in health).

    Social Gradient

    • Refers to the variation in health among individuals and groups based on income.
    • The poorest individuals experience the worst health outcomes.
    • This phenomenon exists across low, middle, and high-income countries.

    Gini Coefficient

    • Measures income or wealth distribution.
    • Ranges from 0 (perfect equality) to 1 (perfect inequality).
    • A lower percentage indicates greater income equality, while a higher percentage indicates greater inequality.

    Nordic and Scandinavian Countries

    • Known for their high levels of income equality and social safety nets.
    • Canada's Gini coefficient falls within the OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development).

    Hamilton, Ontario

    • Census Tract 37 in Hamilton, surrounding City Hall, has a Gini coefficient of 0.67, exceeding the most unequal country in the world.

    Welfare in Ontario

    • Ontario Works (OW) and Ontario Disability Support Program (ODSP) rates have been frozen since 2018.
    • OW recipients receive 733permonth,whileODSPrecipientsreceive733 per month, while ODSP recipients receive 733permonth,whileODSPrecipientsreceive1228.00.
    • These rates leave recipients living at 40%-60% below the poverty line.
    • Employment clawbacks apply, deducting 0.50foreverydollarearnedabove0.50 for every dollar earned above 0.50foreverydollarearnedabove200 per month.

    Basic Income

    • Programs provide a guaranteed sum of money to citizens without conditions.
    • Aims to ensure basic needs are met and enable thriving.
    • Pilot programs have been implemented in various countries, including Hamilton, Ontario, but cancelled before data collection.

    Poverty's Impact on Health

    • Poverty increases health risks, and the duration of poverty affects health outcomes.
    • Childhood deprivation contributes to poor health throughout life.
    • Guaranteed income can strengthen social safety nets and potentially reduce long-term costs related to health, justice, and social services.

    Income's Influence on Health

    • Lower income can affect health through living conditions, food security, housing, and access to education.
    • Income influences health behaviors and health status overall.

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    Related Documents

    Unit 3 - Income and Health.pdf

    Description

    This quiz explores the fundamental concepts of equity and equality, focusing on their definitions and implications. Additionally, it examines the various aspects of poverty, including measurement and specific statistics related to poverty in Canada from 2012 to 2020.

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