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Questions and Answers
What was the primary concern highlighted in the Lalonde Report regarding healthcare expenditures?
What was the primary concern highlighted in the Lalonde Report regarding healthcare expenditures?
What was the role of Marc Lalonde in relation to the 1974 Lalonde Report?
What was the role of Marc Lalonde in relation to the 1974 Lalonde Report?
What did the 1974 Lalonde Report imply about the overall health of the Canadian population?
What did the 1974 Lalonde Report imply about the overall health of the Canadian population?
Which of the following factors was raised in the context of health expenditures in Canada?
Which of the following factors was raised in the context of health expenditures in Canada?
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What was a primary question posed in the context of healthcare spending in Canada?
What was a primary question posed in the context of healthcare spending in Canada?
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What is the primary difference between equality and equity in the context of vaccine distribution?
What is the primary difference between equality and equity in the context of vaccine distribution?
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What does the social determinants of health (SDoH) help to identify?
What does the social determinants of health (SDoH) help to identify?
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Which statement reflects an upstream thinking approach in healthcare?
Which statement reflects an upstream thinking approach in healthcare?
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What does the WHO conceptual framework emphasize regarding health care?
What does the WHO conceptual framework emphasize regarding health care?
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Why is it important to consider the sustainability of policies in healthcare?
Why is it important to consider the sustainability of policies in healthcare?
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In healthcare, what does the term 'downstream thinking' refer to?
In healthcare, what does the term 'downstream thinking' refer to?
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What aspect of healthcare is emphasized through understanding social determinants of health?
What aspect of healthcare is emphasized through understanding social determinants of health?
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What is a key message regarding the treatment of health conditions?
What is a key message regarding the treatment of health conditions?
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What is meant by 'medically necessary' in the context of healthcare coverage?
What is meant by 'medically necessary' in the context of healthcare coverage?
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What happens if a province removes coverage for a service deemed medically necessary?
What happens if a province removes coverage for a service deemed medically necessary?
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What is the purpose of portability in healthcare coverage?
What is the purpose of portability in healthcare coverage?
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How is health insurance typically financed in Ontario?
How is health insurance typically financed in Ontario?
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Why might individuals still choose to purchase travel insurance?
Why might individuals still choose to purchase travel insurance?
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In Ontario, what does OHIP stand for?
In Ontario, what does OHIP stand for?
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What is a possible consequence of the Ontario government's decision to not cover ambulance trips?
What is a possible consequence of the Ontario government's decision to not cover ambulance trips?
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What does the term 'coverage' refer to in the context of healthcare services?
What does the term 'coverage' refer to in the context of healthcare services?
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What was the primary objective of the Patients First: Action Plan for Health Care?
What was the primary objective of the Patients First: Action Plan for Health Care?
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What does the Connecting Care Act (2019) primarily address?
What does the Connecting Care Act (2019) primarily address?
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What significant change occurred regarding the LHINs as a result of new policies?
What significant change occurred regarding the LHINs as a result of new policies?
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How many Ontario Health Teams (OHTs) were developed from the Hamilton Niagara Haldimand Brant LHIN?
How many Ontario Health Teams (OHTs) were developed from the Hamilton Niagara Haldimand Brant LHIN?
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Which of the following best describes a feature of the Ontario Health Teams (OHTs)?
Which of the following best describes a feature of the Ontario Health Teams (OHTs)?
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What role does Ontario Health serve within the new healthcare framework?
What role does Ontario Health serve within the new healthcare framework?
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What is a critical consideration for the health system in light of recent events?
What is a critical consideration for the health system in light of recent events?
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What is one of the main goals of Ontario Health Teams in relation to patient care?
What is one of the main goals of Ontario Health Teams in relation to patient care?
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What type of healthcare system does Canada primarily have?
What type of healthcare system does Canada primarily have?
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What is mainly covered under Canada's universal healthcare system?
What is mainly covered under Canada's universal healthcare system?
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Who primarily manages and delivers health services in Canada?
Who primarily manages and delivers health services in Canada?
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What was the first province to establish public, universal hospital insurance in 1947?
What was the first province to establish public, universal hospital insurance in 1947?
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How are doctors in Canada typically compensated?
How are doctors in Canada typically compensated?
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What year did the federal government pass legislation to share costs of provincial hospital insurance plans?
What year did the federal government pass legislation to share costs of provincial hospital insurance plans?
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By which year had all provinces and territories established public insurance plans for in-hospital care?
By which year had all provinces and territories established public insurance plans for in-hospital care?
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What were the implications of the 1962 Saskatchewan initiative regarding physicians’ services?
What were the implications of the 1962 Saskatchewan initiative regarding physicians’ services?
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What main role does the federal government play in the Canadian healthcare system?
What main role does the federal government play in the Canadian healthcare system?
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Which statement accurately describes the historical shift in Canada's healthcare system before 1947?
Which statement accurately describes the historical shift in Canada's healthcare system before 1947?
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What was a significant outcome by the year 1972 in relation to Canadian healthcare?
What was a significant outcome by the year 1972 in relation to Canadian healthcare?
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Who bears the primary responsibility for the delivery of health services in Canada?
Who bears the primary responsibility for the delivery of health services in Canada?
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What does the term 'fee-for-service' imply in the context of Canadian healthcare?
What does the term 'fee-for-service' imply in the context of Canadian healthcare?
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What function does the federal government fulfill regarding provincial healthcare services?
What function does the federal government fulfill regarding provincial healthcare services?
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Study Notes
Equity vs Equality
- Equity recognizes that people have different circumstances and needs, so opportunities should be allocated differently.
- Equality means everyone has the same opportunity, but it may not be fair to those who require more support.
- Example: Seniors in long-term care homes (LTCH) are more at risk and require more support than other individuals, so they should receive the vaccine sooner.
Healthcare system in Canada
- Canadian healthcare system is publicly financed and privately delivered.
- It provides universal, comprehensive coverage for medically necessary hospital, in-patient, and out-patient physician services.
- Doctors are not employed by the government, but most are private practitioners working independently or in groups.
- Doctors are paid on a fee-for-service basis, and enjoy high levels of autonomy.
- Key points: universal, comprehensive, medically necessary are crucial to the Canadian healthcare system.
History of Canadian Healthcare
- 1947: Saskatchewan was the first province to establish public, universal hospital insurance. Tommy Douglas led this initiative.
- 1957: Federal government passed legislation enabling the federal government to share costs with provincial hospital insurance plans.
- 1961: All 10 provinces and two territories implemented public insurance plans providing comprehensive in-hospital care coverage..
- 1962: Saskatchewan implemented insurance for physician services outside of hospitals.
- 1966: Federal government enacted medical care legislation.
- 1972: All provincial/territorial plans expanded to include physician services.
Determinants of Health
- The 1974 Lalonde Report, titled "A New Perspective on the Health of Canadians: A Questioning of the Efficacy of Medical Interventions," highlighted the need to address determinants of health beyond medical interventions.
- The report suggested that while the healthcare system was spending significant funds, the overall health of Canadians was improving marginally.
Portability
- Portability refers to the ability of insured individuals to maintain coverage for insured services when moving, traveling within Canada, or traveling internationally.
- Portability ensures that Canadians have access to healthcare services anywhere in Canada.
- Example: If a resident of Ontario travels to another province, they are still entitled to covered services under their Ontario Health Insurance Plan (OHIP).
Ontario Health Teams (OHTs)
- The Connecting Care Act (2019) dissolved the Local Health Integration Networks (LHINs) and created a "super agency" called Ontario Health.
- OHTs are a key feature of this new healthcare system.
- OHTs are designed to provide integrated care services to patients within their communities.
- OHTs are responsible for coordinating services across various healthcare providers, including hospitals, community health centers, and long-term care facilities.
- Example: The Hamilton Niagara Haldimand Brant LHIN has been divided into at least four OHTs: Brantford Brant Norfolk OHT, Burlington OHT, Greater Hamilton Health Network OHT, and Niagara OHT.
SDoH (Social Determinants of Health)
- SDoH refers to the social and environmental conditions that influence people's health.
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Why care about SDoH?
- Understanding SDoH helps address health inequities and disparities.
- It enables the development of more effective and equitable healthcare policies and interventions.
- It allows healthcare providers to address the root causes of health problems, promoting upstream thinking.
- SDoH helps us understand how social factors impact health outcomes, including access to healthcare, nutrition, education, and employment.
- Example: Individuals living in poverty may have reduced access to healthcare, nutritious food, and safe housing, which can negatively impact their health outcomes.
McMaster Health Forum
- The McMaster Health Forum focuses on supporting individuals and organizations to use evidence-based decision-making in developing healthcare policy.
- They have a range of products and resources available to improve understanding of healthcare policy and decision-making.
Federal Responsibilities in Canadian Healthcare System
- The federal government sets and administers national principles or standards for the healthcare system.
- The federal government assists in financing provincial healthcare services through fiscal transfers.
- The federal government directly delivers health services to specific groups.
- The federal government fulfills other health-related functions, such as research and public health.
- The federal government plays a significant role in establishing the rules and frameworks governing how healthcare is delivered in Canada.
Provincial/Territorial Responsibilities in Canadian Healthcare System
- Manage and deliver healthcare services.
- Plan, finance, and evaluate the provisions of hospital care, physician, and allied health care services.
- Manage prescription care and public health services.
- Provinces and territories have a leading role in delivering healthcare services to their residents.
- Provinces obtain funding from the federal government to perform this important work.
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Description
Explore the concepts of equity and equality as they relate to the Canadian healthcare system. This quiz will delve into how different needs and circumstances affect healthcare opportunities, especially for vulnerable populations. Test your understanding of the key principles of Canada's approach to health services.
