Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which local anesthetic agent is preferred by most clinicians for inducing regional anesthesia during the lameness examination?
Which local anesthetic agent is preferred by most clinicians for inducing regional anesthesia during the lameness examination?
- Procaine HCl
- Lidocaine HCl
- Bupivacaine HCl
- Mepivacaine HCl (correct)
Which diagnostic procedure is NOT mentioned as being used more effectively and economically after localizing pain with regional anesthesia?
Which diagnostic procedure is NOT mentioned as being used more effectively and economically after localizing pain with regional anesthesia?
- CT
- Ultrasonography
- Endoscopy (correct)
- Radiography
Which local anesthetic agent provides anesthesia that lasts 4–6 hr for humane relief of pain?
Which local anesthetic agent provides anesthesia that lasts 4–6 hr for humane relief of pain?
- Procaine HCl
- Lidocaine HCl
- Mepivacaine HCl
- Bupivacaine HCl (correct)
When might lidocaine HCl be the preferred local anesthetic agent during the lameness examination?
When might lidocaine HCl be the preferred local anesthetic agent during the lameness examination?
How is the PDN block commonly performed?
How is the PDN block commonly performed?
What is the erroneous terminology sometimes used for the PDN block?
What is the erroneous terminology sometimes used for the PDN block?
What can a semi-ring block at the pastern anesthetize?
What can a semi-ring block at the pastern anesthetize?
What does a positive response to a basisesamoid nerve block indicate?
What does a positive response to a basisesamoid nerve block indicate?
What happens if a large volume of local anesthetic solution is injected during a PDN block?
What happens if a large volume of local anesthetic solution is injected during a PDN block?
Where is local anesthetic solution deposited during an abaxial sesamoid nerve block?
Where is local anesthetic solution deposited during an abaxial sesamoid nerve block?
Which nerve block is usually performed after a negative response to the abaxial sesamoid nerve block?
Which nerve block is usually performed after a negative response to the abaxial sesamoid nerve block?
What are some complications of regional nerve blocks mentioned in the text?
What are some complications of regional nerve blocks mentioned in the text?
What is a common practice when facing the same direction as the horse while anesthetizing the foot?
What is a common practice when facing the same direction as the horse while anesthetizing the foot?
What is a risk when facing in opposite direction as the horse while anesthetizing the foot?
What is a risk when facing in opposite direction as the horse while anesthetizing the foot?
Why is local anesthetic solution detectable systemically a potential problem?
Why is local anesthetic solution detectable systemically a potential problem?
What gauge and length of needle is typically used to anesthetize nerves below the carpus or hock?
What gauge and length of needle is typically used to anesthetize nerves below the carpus or hock?
What is the purpose of depositing a small amount of local anesthetic solution subcutaneously using a 25-gauge needle before using a larger-gauge needle for nerve anesthesia?
What is the purpose of depositing a small amount of local anesthetic solution subcutaneously using a 25-gauge needle before using a larger-gauge needle for nerve anesthesia?
Why are luer-lock syringes not recommended for use in perineural administration of local anesthetic solution?
Why are luer-lock syringes not recommended for use in perineural administration of local anesthetic solution?
What should be considered when directing the needle during insertion to anesthetize nerves in the distal portion of the limb?
What should be considered when directing the needle during insertion to anesthetize nerves in the distal portion of the limb?
Why is it important to administer only the smallest effective volume of anesthetic solution when identifying a site of pain below the carpus or hock?
Why is it important to administer only the smallest effective volume of anesthetic solution when identifying a site of pain below the carpus or hock?
What is the purpose of using a wireless, inertial sensor–based system designed to evaluate lameness in subtly lame horses?
What is the purpose of using a wireless, inertial sensor–based system designed to evaluate lameness in subtly lame horses?
Why should a horse be consistently and sufficiently lame before regional anesthesia is performed?
Why should a horse be consistently and sufficiently lame before regional anesthesia is performed?
What is the expected time frame for relief of pain and resolution of lameness after local anesthetic solution is administered into the fascia surrounding a nerve in the distal portion of the limb?
What is the expected time frame for relief of pain and resolution of lameness after local anesthetic solution is administered into the fascia surrounding a nerve in the distal portion of the limb?
What type of needles are recommended for use if there is a possibility that the horse may move during perineural administration of local anesthetic solution?
What type of needles are recommended for use if there is a possibility that the horse may move during perineural administration of local anesthetic solution?
What could result from directing the needle proximally during insertion when anesthetizing nerves in the distal portion of the limb?
What could result from directing the needle proximally during insertion when anesthetizing nerves in the distal portion of the limb?
What can exacerbate a subtle lameness in horses and lead to misinterpretation of regional nerve block results?
What can exacerbate a subtle lameness in horses and lead to misinterpretation of regional nerve block results?
Where should the palmar nerves be blocked to avoid misdirecting a needle into the digital flexor sheath?
Where should the palmar nerves be blocked to avoid misdirecting a needle into the digital flexor sheath?
What is the purpose of blocking the ramus communicans along with the palmar nerves?
What is the purpose of blocking the ramus communicans along with the palmar nerves?
Where should local anesthetic solution be deposited to complete the 4-point block?
Where should local anesthetic solution be deposited to complete the 4-point block?
What does a positive response to a low 4-point block after a negative response to an abaxial sesamoid nerve block indicate?
What does a positive response to a low 4-point block after a negative response to an abaxial sesamoid nerve block indicate?
When is the high palmar nerve block performed?
When is the high palmar nerve block performed?
What is desensitized when anesthetizing the medial and lateral palmar nerves alone?
What is desensitized when anesthetizing the medial and lateral palmar nerves alone?
How is the lateral palmar nerve block performed?
How is the lateral palmar nerve block performed?
What is an alternative to the high palmar nerve block when pain is suspected in the proximal portion of suspensory ligament?
What is an alternative to the high palmar nerve block when pain is suspected in the proximal portion of suspensory ligament?
What should be done if the site of pain causing lameness cannot be localized by performing previously discussed nerve blocks?
What should be done if the site of pain causing lameness cannot be localized by performing previously discussed nerve blocks?
What is important regarding the order in which synovial structures are desensitized during joint blocks?
What is important regarding the order in which synovial structures are desensitized during joint blocks?
What is the purpose of evaluating the horse's gait within 15 minutes after administering a regional nerve block in the distal portion of the limb?
What is the purpose of evaluating the horse's gait within 15 minutes after administering a regional nerve block in the distal portion of the limb?
Why might it be prudent to assess a horse's gait on a soft surface or after bandaging the distal portion of the limb when nerves above the hock or carpus are anesthetized?
Why might it be prudent to assess a horse's gait on a soft surface or after bandaging the distal portion of the limb when nerves above the hock or carpus are anesthetized?
What should be done if a well-behaved, stoic horse does not react to stimulation of skin even though regional anesthesia was ineffective?
What should be done if a well-behaved, stoic horse does not react to stimulation of skin even though regional anesthesia was ineffective?
Why is aspiration before injection important when administering local anesthetic solution during regional anesthesia?
Why is aspiration before injection important when administering local anesthetic solution during regional anesthesia?
What is the best approach for skin preparation before administering regional anesthesia for short-haired horses?
What is the best approach for skin preparation before administering regional anesthesia for short-haired horses?
Why is it prudent to use a lip twitch or lip chain for fractious horses or for horses previously subjected to regional anesthesia?
Why is it prudent to use a lip twitch or lip chain for fractious horses or for horses previously subjected to regional anesthesia?
Why does xylazine or detomidine have an advantage over acepromazine when providing sedation for horses undergoing regional anesthesia?
Why does xylazine or detomidine have an advantage over acepromazine when providing sedation for horses undergoing regional anesthesia?
What determines the degree to which sedation or tranquilization interferes with assessment of gait during regional anesthesia?
What determines the degree to which sedation or tranquilization interferes with assessment of gait during regional anesthesia?
Why is restraining the horse in stocks during regional anesthesia of the distal portion of the limb discouraged?
Why is restraining the horse in stocks during regional anesthesia of the distal portion of the limb discouraged?
Why is it necessary to assess skin sensation before performing regional anesthesia on a fractious horse?
Why is it necessary to assess skin sensation before performing regional anesthesia on a fractious horse?
What might result from nonsterile injection of a tendon sheath or joint during regional anesthesia?
What might result from nonsterile injection of a tendon sheath or joint during regional anesthesia?
Why might some clinicians claim that acepromazine accentuates subtle lameness?
Why might some clinicians claim that acepromazine accentuates subtle lameness?
Which nerves are commonly anesthetized along with the medial cutaneous antebracheal nerve?
Which nerves are commonly anesthetized along with the medial cutaneous antebracheal nerve?
What technique is used to administer regional anesthesia of the distal portion of the pelvic limb?
What technique is used to administer regional anesthesia of the distal portion of the pelvic limb?
Where is the deep branch of the lateral plantar nerve blocked to anesthetize the proximal aspect of the suspensory ligament?
Where is the deep branch of the lateral plantar nerve blocked to anesthetize the proximal aspect of the suspensory ligament?
What is a likely source of pain if lameness is ameliorated after a tibial nerve block, but not after a low 4- or 6- point block?
What is a likely source of pain if lameness is ameliorated after a tibial nerve block, but not after a low 4- or 6- point block?
Where is the tibial nerve blocked to exclude pain in the hock or regions distal to the hock?
Where is the tibial nerve blocked to exclude pain in the hock or regions distal to the hock?
What technique is used to administer the high plantar nerve block?
What technique is used to administer the high plantar nerve block?
What can be evaluated accurately without anesthetizing the dorsal metatarsal nerves?
What can be evaluated accurately without anesthetizing the dorsal metatarsal nerves?
Where is 3–4 mL of local anesthetic solution deposited if the proximal aspect of the suspensory ligament is suspected to be the site of pain causing lameness?
Where is 3–4 mL of local anesthetic solution deposited if the proximal aspect of the suspensory ligament is suspected to be the site of pain causing lameness?
What is a likely source of pain if lameness is ameliorated after a peroneal (fibular) nerve block, but not after a low 4- or 6- point block?
What is a likely source of pain if lameness is ameliorated after a peroneal (fibular) nerve block, but not after a low 4- or 6- point block?
Where is 20 mL of mepivacaine HCl deposited through a needle to block the deep peroneal nerve?
Where is 20 mL of mepivacaine HCl deposited through a needle to block the deep peroneal nerve?
