Equine Myopathy: Symptoms and Risk Factors Quiz

<p>Exhaustion</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Recurrent exertional rhabdomyolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Recurrent exertional rhabdomyolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Weakness, ataxia, tachypnoea, sweating (collapse)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sporadic exertional rhabdomyolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nervous/anxious horses</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>History of exhaustion</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Recurrent Exertional Rhabdomyolysis (RER) and Polysaccharide Storage Myopathy (PSSM)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High grain diets</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Quarterhorses</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>PSSM Type 1 (PSSM1)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Low starch diet</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Muscle biopsy of semimembranosus</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rest and use anti-inflammatories/antioxidants</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Quarterhorses</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased pressure within the muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mast years, wet and windy weather, and presence of Sycamore trees</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Elevated muscle enzymes (CK&gt;10,000iu/L), myoglobinuria, and submission of plasma for acylcarnitine profile and serum for hypoglycin A and conjugated MCPA</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Guarded, with up to 84% mortality reported</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Muscle rigidity, high body temperature, tachycardia, and tachypnoea</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Genetic testing, avoiding fasting, anesthesia and stress, and ensuring adequate magnesium and potassium levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fluid therapy, glucose supplementation or high CBH meals, analgesia, multivitamins, and removal of co-grazing horses from pasture</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Weakness, muscle tremors, painful muscles, myoglobinuria, tachycardia, tachypnoea, and colic-like symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>'Gene mutation affecting voltage-dependent skeletal muscle sodium channels'</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Selenium</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Trembling and muscle fasciculations</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Elevated creatinine kinase (CK) levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Selenium injections IM</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pale, oedematous muscle, calcification</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Myopathic changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Naylor, R. (2017). Atypical myopathy. UK-Vet Equine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Scavenge free radicals and prevent lipid peroxidation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>'Equine atypical myopathy in the UK: Epidemiological characteristics of cases reported from 2011 to 2015'</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bedford HE, Valberg SJ, Firshman AM, Lucio M, Boyce MK, Trumble TN. Histopathologic findings in the sacrocaudalis dorsalis medialis muscle of horses with vitamin E-responsive muscle atrophy and weakness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dyspnoea, weakness, stiffness, trembling, recumbency, sudden death, irregular tachydysrhythmia</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tongue, gastrocnemius, semimembranosus/tendinosus, biceps femoris, lumbar, gluteals, neck</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>CK/AST elevation, myoglobinuria, electrolyte derangements, low selenium (whole blood), low GSH-Px, low α-tocopherol (vit E) (plasma)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Selenium injections IM, oral α-tocopherol supplementation, supportive nursing</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Weakness, toe dragging, narrow-base stance, muscle atrophy, trembling, muscle fasciculations, weight shifting</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Presence of myopathic not neuropathic change in SCDM biopsy</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To scavenge free radicals and prevent the formation of lipid hydroperoxides</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pale, oedematous muscle, calcification, hypercontracted muscle fibers on histology</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Weakness, atrophy, trembling, and muscle fasciculations</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>CK/AST elevation, myoglobinuria, electrolyte derangements</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mast years, pasture access, wet and windy weather, presence of Sycamore trees</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis (HYPP) and Malignant Hyperthermia (MH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Strenuous exercise</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fluid therapy, glucose supplementation or high CBH meals, analgesia, multivitamins, removal of co-grazing horses from pasture</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Guarded, with up to 84% mortality reported</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thoroughbred horses</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Atypical Myopathy (AM), Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis (HYPP), Malignant Hyperthermia (MH), Recurrent Exertional Rhabdomyolysis (RER), Post-anesthetic myopathy, Polysaccharide Storage Myopathy (PSSM)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Avoiding fasting, anesthesia, and stress; ensuring adequate magnesium and potassium levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sycamore trees</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Muscle rigidity, high body temperature, tachycardia, tachypnoea</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Common myopathies affecting horses include exertional and non-exertional myopathies. They can be differentiated based on the association with exercise.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Appropriate interventions include a combination of therapeutic strategies such as medication, exercise management, and dietary changes, along with optimal husbandry practices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The prognosis of myopathies affecting horses varies depending on the specific type of myopathy and its severity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Clinical signs include weakness, ataxia, tachypnea, sweating, collapse, and possible hyperthermia, along with myoglobinuria and elevated CK levels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>RER is also known as Monday morning disease or Azoturia, with a higher prevalence in nervous/anxious horses, especially in racing Thoroughbreds, and the exact etiology and pathogenesis are still unknown.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The possible cause of atypical myopathy is unknown, and it presents with episodic/progressive weakness, muscle wasting/atrophy, and a historical link to ingestion of Sycamore seeds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>EMND presents with muscle wasting/atrophy, peripheral neuropathies, and autoantibodies against neuronal antigens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>During this period, atypical myopathy was associated with ingestion of Sycamore seeds, particularly in grazing horses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>HYPP is characterized by episodes of muscle tremors, weakness, and intermittent paralysis, often triggered by stress or high potassium intake.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Muscle wasting/atrophy is a common feature of equine motor neuron disease and autoimmune-mediated myositis among other myopathies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Muscle pain, weakness, tremors or fasciculations, shifting lameness, sweating, myoglobinuria</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Quarterhorses, Appaloosa, Paint, European draft breeds</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A single dominant missense mutation in the equine muscle glycogen synthase gene, affecting glycogen synthesis and glycogenolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Trainers often recognize the signs, elevated muscle enzymes, muscle biopsy of semimembranosus, in vitro contracture studies on intercostal muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High grain diets</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Minimize continued muscle damage (rest, anti-inflammatories/antioxidants), analgesia, correct fluid deficit/induce diuresis, and correct electrolyte abnormalities</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Localized rather than generalized myopathy, hard, hot, swollen muscles (gluteals, epaxial muscles, triceps), onset may be delayed, compartment syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Selenium</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rest, anti-inflammatories/antioxidants</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Avoid triggering agents such as halothane, isoflurane, and other inhalation anesthetics</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Recurrent exertional rhabdomyolysis, PSSM 1&amp;2, atypical myopathy, permanent gait abnormalities, fibrotic myopathy, episodic/progressive weakness, equine motor neuron disease, hyperkalaemic periodic paralysis, muscle wasting/atrophy, peripheral neuropathies, and autoimmune-mediated myositis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The prognosis can vary depending on the specific myopathy, but it is essential to assess the severity, progression, and potential for management of each condition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Recurrent exertional rhabdomyolysis (RER)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Monday morning disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intermittent episodes of muscle tremors, weakness, and temporary paralysis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Provide immediate supportive care, including rest, fluid therapy, and electrolyte management.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Muscle biopsy</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Selenium</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Quarter Horses</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Muscle weakness, stiffness, dark urine, and respiratory distress.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dyspnoea, weakness, stiffness, trembling, recumbency, sudden death, irregular tachydysrhythmia</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>CK/AST elevation, myoglobinuria, electrolyte derangements, low selenium (whole blood), low GSH-Px, low α-tocopherol (vit E) (plasma)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Selenium injections IM, oral α-tocopherol supplementation, supportive nursing</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tongue, gastrocnemius, semimembranosus/tendinosus, biceps femoris, lumbar, gluteals, neck</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Poor prognosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Better prognosis, usually see improvement quickly</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Presence of myopathic (not neuropathic) change in SCDM biopsy</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Weakness, toe dragging, narrow-base stance, muscle atrophy, trembling, muscle fasciculations, weight shifting</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypercontracted muscle fibres</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Selenium</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Recurrent episodes, muscle pain, weakness, tremors or fasciculations, shifting lameness, sweating, myoglobinuria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Limit glycogen synthesis (reduce insulin activity) and promote glycogen breakdown through low starch, high fat diet, supplemental vitamin E, maintain regular work/turn out routine, avoid days off, minimize stress, minimize changes in management.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Low starch diet, use fat for extra calories, access to a salt block, reduce caloric intake when not in work, feed smaller, more frequent meals, minimize stress.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Minimize continued muscle damage (rest, anti-inflammatories/antioxidants), analgesia (NSAIDs, opioids, paracetamol, lidocaine infusion, ketamine infusion), correct fluid deficit/induce diuresis (oral or IV fluid therapy, correct electrolyte abnormalities).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Localized rather than generalized myopathy, hard, hot, swollen muscles (gluteals, epaxial muscles, triceps), onset may be delayed, compartment syndrome.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Marked elevation of muscle enzymes (CK and AST), myoglobinuria in more severe cases, muscle biopsy of semimembranosus revealing abnormal polysaccharide in myofibres, not all cases have the GYS1 mutation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A single dominant missense mutation in the equine muscle glycogen synthase gene.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Likely linked to calcium homeostasis, autosomal dominant inheritance, chronic non-specific changes associated with muscle regeneration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Localized rather than generalized myopathy, hard, hot, swollen muscles (gluteals, epaxial muscles, triceps), onset may be delayed, compartment syndrome.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stiff, painful muscles (large muscle groups- gluteals, triceps), myoglobinuria, usually appears on the day following a rest day.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mast years, pasture access, wet and windy weather, and presence of Sycamore trees</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Weakness, muscle tremors, painful muscles, myoglobinuria, tachycardia, tachypnoea, and colic-like symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Guarded, with up to 84% mortality reported</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fluid therapy, glucose supplementation or high CBH meals, analgesia, multivitamins, and removal of co-grazing horses from pasture</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Muscle rigidity, high body temperature, tachycardia, and tachypnoea</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Genetic testing, avoiding fasting, anesthesia and stress, and ensuring adequate magnesium and potassium levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gene mutation affecting voltage-dependent skeletal muscle sodium channels</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Elevated muscle enzymes (CK&gt;10,000iu/L) and myoglobinuria, submission of plasma for acylcarnitine profile and serum for hypoglycin A and conjugated MCPA</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Muscle wasting/atrophy</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Muscle stiffness, reluctance to move, and muscle atrophy</p> Signup and view all the answers