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Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT a safety consideration for equine distal limb ultrasound?
Which of the following is NOT a safety consideration for equine distal limb ultrasound?
What is the recommended frequency for the linear probe used in tendon ultrasound?
What is the recommended frequency for the linear probe used in tendon ultrasound?
When conducting an equine distal limb ultrasound, where is the best location to perform the procedure?
When conducting an equine distal limb ultrasound, where is the best location to perform the procedure?
What is the purpose of DGL exercises in relation to equine distal limb ultrasound?
What is the purpose of DGL exercises in relation to equine distal limb ultrasound?
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Which of the following is NOT a learning outcome for equine distal limb ultrasound?
Which of the following is NOT a learning outcome for equine distal limb ultrasound?
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What is the recommended method of restraint for equine distal limb ultrasound?
What is the recommended method of restraint for equine distal limb ultrasound?
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Which of the following is NOT a requirement for conducting an equine distal limb ultrasound?
Which of the following is NOT a requirement for conducting an equine distal limb ultrasound?
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What is the recommended approach to sedation for horses that may be spooky during ultrasound?
What is the recommended approach to sedation for horses that may be spooky during ultrasound?
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What level of restraint is required for equine distal limb ultrasound?
What level of restraint is required for equine distal limb ultrasound?
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What is the purpose of a sequential examination with diagnostic images during equine distal limb ultrasound?
What is the purpose of a sequential examination with diagnostic images during equine distal limb ultrasound?
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Which of the following is NOT a recommended step in conducting an ultrasound examination of the limb?
Which of the following is NOT a recommended step in conducting an ultrasound examination of the limb?
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What is one reason why ultrasound waves don't like air during an examination?
What is one reason why ultrasound waves don't like air during an examination?
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What is the recommended order of imaging during an ultrasound examination?
What is the recommended order of imaging during an ultrasound examination?
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What should be assessed in the longitudinal section of an ultrasound examination?
What should be assessed in the longitudinal section of an ultrasound examination?
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Why may images obtained during an ultrasound examination not look like the text books?
Why may images obtained during an ultrasound examination not look like the text books?
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What is one important consideration when conducting an ultrasound examination on cadaver legs?
What is one important consideration when conducting an ultrasound examination on cadaver legs?
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What can cause soft tissues to move when pressure is applied during an ultrasound examination?
What can cause soft tissues to move when pressure is applied during an ultrasound examination?
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If the image obtained during an ultrasound examination isn't as expected, what should be considered?
If the image obtained during an ultrasound examination isn't as expected, what should be considered?
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What is the purpose of preparing the limb before an ultrasound examination?
What is the purpose of preparing the limb before an ultrasound examination?
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What is the recommended view for imaging during an ultrasound examination?
What is the recommended view for imaging during an ultrasound examination?
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What is the recommended method of stabilizing and clamping cadaver legs during an ultrasound examination?
What is the recommended method of stabilizing and clamping cadaver legs during an ultrasound examination?
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Why may images obtained during an ultrasound examination on cadaver legs not look like the text books?
Why may images obtained during an ultrasound examination on cadaver legs not look like the text books?
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What should be assessed in the transverse section of an ultrasound examination?
What should be assessed in the transverse section of an ultrasound examination?
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What should be assessed in the longitudinal section of an ultrasound examination?
What should be assessed in the longitudinal section of an ultrasound examination?
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What should be done if the image obtained during an ultrasound examination isn't as expected?
What should be done if the image obtained during an ultrasound examination isn't as expected?
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During an equine distal limb ultrasound, it is important to start at the __________ metacarpus and image systematically, working from proximal to distal down the palmar/plantar metacarpus/metatarsus and phalanges to the level of the hoof capsule.
During an equine distal limb ultrasound, it is important to start at the __________ metacarpus and image systematically, working from proximal to distal down the palmar/plantar metacarpus/metatarsus and phalanges to the level of the hoof capsule.
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When conducting an ultrasound examination, it is recommended to image first in __________ section and identify the anatomy of the soft tissue structures, continue this whilst moving distally.
When conducting an ultrasound examination, it is recommended to image first in __________ section and identify the anatomy of the soft tissue structures, continue this whilst moving distally.
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In an ultrasound examination, it is important to use the same systematic approach, but in __________ section to assess the fiber pattern of the different soft tissue structures.
In an ultrasound examination, it is important to use the same systematic approach, but in __________ section to assess the fiber pattern of the different soft tissue structures.
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During an ultrasound examination, any abnormalities should be identified and described based on __________ and appearance.
During an ultrasound examination, any abnormalities should be identified and described based on __________ and appearance.
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Preparation of the limb for an ultrasound examination is important because ultrasound waves don't like __________.
Preparation of the limb for an ultrasound examination is important because ultrasound waves don't like __________.
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Study Notes
Safety Considerations
- Not a safety consideration: Using a high-frequency linear probe (It's actually recommended)
- Recommended probe frequency: 7.5-12 MHz, Linear probe
Procedure Location
- Best location: Standing horse, on a firm, level surface.
DGL Exercises
- Purpose: Helps to identify and evaluate the extent of tendon and ligament injuries.
Learning Outcomes
- Not a learning outcome: Identifying the specific breed of the horse (This is not directly related to the ultrasound)
Restraint
- Recommended method: A combination of sedation, hoof blocks, and slings, or a standing sedation technique with a skilled assistant
Requirements
- Not a requirement: Having a specific brand ultrasound machine (Different machines can be used effectively)
Sedation
- Recommended approach for spooky horses: Combine sedation with a skilled assistant and a "calm down" environment.
Restraint Level
- Required: Adequate restraint to prevent movement during the examination.
Sequential Examination
- Purpose: Ensures accurate and complete assessment of the soft tissues and structures.
Ultrasound Examination Steps
- Not a recommended step: Imaging the opposite limb first (Start with the injured/suspect limb)
Ultrasound Waves
- Why air is a problem: Ultrasound waves cannot penetrate air effectively. Air acts as a barrier, blocking the waves.
Imaging Order
- Recommended order: Start at the most proximal location and progress distally. Focus on the areas of concern first.
Longitudinal Section
- Assessment: Overall structure and architecture of tendons, ligaments, and other surrounding structures.
Image Accuracy
- Reason for discrepancy with textbooks: Ultrasound images can vary depending on factors like the horse's conformation, the presence of fluid or inflammation, and the skill of the operator.
Cadaver Legs
- Important consideration: The tissue can be distorted from the natural state due to rigor mortis.
Soft Tissues
- Cause of movement under pressure: This indicates an abnormally fluid collection within the soft tissues, or possibly a tear in tissue.
Unexpected Images
- Things to consider: Adjusting the gain, changing the transducer position, or repeating the scan after re-positioning the limb.
Preparing the Limb
- Purpose: To improve the transmission of ultrasound waves through the tissue.
Imaging View
- Recommended: Longitudinal and transverse views of the structures.
Cadaver Leg Stabilization
- Recommended method: Use a clamp or other stabilization device to prevent movement.
Cadaver Leg Images
- Reason for discrepancy with textbooks: The tissue can have different qualities from the natural state, impacted by factors like rigor mortis, preservation, and the preparation process.
Transverse Section
- Assessment: Fiber pattern, cross-sectional size and shape of structures.
Longitudinal Section
- Assessment: Overall length, structure and architecture.
Unexpected Images - Actions
- Action: Adjust the ultrasound settings, reposition the transducer, repeat the scan, or carefully examine the area.
Ultrasound Examination Starting Point
- Start: Proximal metacarpus/metatarsus.
Initial Ultrasound Image
- Initial section: Longitudinal section
Subsequent Ultrasound Image
- Subsequent section: Transverse section
Abnormality Identification and Description
- Basis: Location and appearance of the abnormality,
Ultrasound Waves and Preparation
- What ultrasound waves don't like: Air
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Description
Test your knowledge on equine distal limb ultrasound with this quiz! Learn about restraining horses for ultrasonography, recognizing clinical signs of tendon or ligament disease, and documenting normal anatomy with ultrasound. Put your skills to the test and enhance your understanding of equine diagnostics.
