Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary mechanism by which beams transfer loads?
What is the primary mechanism by which beams transfer loads?
- Torsional forces
- Internal bending moments and shear (correct)
- Direct bearing
- Axial tension and compression
What distinguishes trusses from other structural systems in load transfer?
What distinguishes trusses from other structural systems in load transfer?
- Trusses transfer loads exclusively through bending moments.
- Trusses distribute loads uniformly without concentrating forces.
- Trusses primarily use axial tension and compression in their members to transfer loads. (correct)
- Trusses depend solely on shear forces for load transfer.
Loads can be applied anywhere on a truss member without significantly affecting its structural integrity.
Loads can be applied anywhere on a truss member without significantly affecting its structural integrity.
False (B)
In truss analysis, what type of connections are generally assumed between truss members?
In truss analysis, what type of connections are generally assumed between truss members?
Within the context of truss structures, which of the following is generally true regarding secondary stresses?
Within the context of truss structures, which of the following is generally true regarding secondary stresses?
What geometric shape is fundamental to the stability of a truss structure?
What geometric shape is fundamental to the stability of a truss structure?
A truss is a structural system that distributes loads to supports through patterns of ______ triangles.
A truss is a structural system that distributes loads to supports through patterns of ______ triangles.
Match the truss type with its description:
Match the truss type with its description:
What does it mean for a structure to be in equilibrium?
What does it mean for a structure to be in equilibrium?
Briefly explain why trusses are often preferred in situations where large spans are required.
Briefly explain why trusses are often preferred in situations where large spans are required.
A bowstring truss is characterized by a flat top chord and an arched bottom chord.
A bowstring truss is characterized by a flat top chord and an arched bottom chord.
Which of the following is a valid method for determining forces in truss members?
Which of the following is a valid method for determining forces in truss members?
What is the primary difference between tension and compression forces within structural members?
What is the primary difference between tension and compression forces within structural members?
In the analysis of trusses, the ______ weight of the truss individual element is usually neglected
In the analysis of trusses, the ______ weight of the truss individual element is usually neglected
What was Andrea Palladio's contribution to trusses?
What was Andrea Palladio's contribution to trusses?
Flashcards
What is a Truss?
What is a Truss?
A structural system that distributes loads to supports through a linear arrangement of members in patterns of planar triangles.
Truss Assemblage
Truss Assemblage
Linear elements arranged in triangular patterns to form a rigid framework.
Load Application in Trusses
Load Application in Trusses
Loads are applied at the joints; bending should avoided in truss members.
Truss Connections
Truss Connections
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Beams
Beams
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Trusses
Trusses
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Stable Shape
Stable Shape
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Trusses
Trusses
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Study Notes
- The following structures are in equilibrium.
- Find the force AB using particle/joint equilibrium for each structure.
Required Reading
- Book 1: Pages 119-127.
- Salvadori Book: Pages 144 to 154 & Chapter 4.
Homework 10 Instructions
- Determine all support and pin forces for the multiforce member diagrams listed below.
How To Calculate Reactions
- Use the equations of equilibrium to find the Ay and By reactions.
- ΣMb=0= -Ay29.33+13522.67+1808; -29.33Ay + 4500.45=0;
- Ay=153.44 kN
- ΣFy=0= Ay -135 -180 + By; 153.44 – 135 -180 + By;
- By= 161.56 kN
- ΣFx=0= Ax – Bx; Ax=Bx
- For the left hand side segment, use the equations of equilibrium to find the other reactions.
- ΣΜc=0= -Ay13.33+ Ax6.67 + 1356.67= -153.4413.33+ Ax6.67 + 1356.67=0; Ax =171.65 kN =Bx
- ΣFx=0=Ax + Cx; Cx=- 171.65 kN (opposite to assumed)
- ΣFy=0= Ay -135 kN + Cy=153.44 -135 + Cy; Cy =- 18.44 kN
Upcoming Schedule
- Wednesday 19th: In Class Review
- Thursday 20th: Exit Ticket During Class
- Monday 24th: Exit Ticket During Class
- Tuesday 25th: In Class Review
- Wednesday 26th: MIDTERM
- Thursday 27th: MIDTERM
- Pre-Midterm extra credit available
Experiment 1
- Experiment 1 tests Tension and Compression
Experiment 2
- Experiment 2 tests Bending
Beams vs Trusses
- Beams transfer loads primarily by internal bending moments and shear.
- Trusses transfer loads primarily by internal tension and compression.
Truss Origins
- Earliest evidence of truss construction appears in Roman structures
- Andrea Palladio revived the use of timber framework and built timber trusses exceeding 100' in the Renaissance (14th Century).
- Iron Bridges made with truss configurations became popular after the Industrial Revolution (early 19th Century).
- Structural Steel gradually replaced the Iron Bridges (late 19th Century).
Common Truss Types
- Howe Truss
- Pratt Truss
- Warren Truss
- King Post Truss
- Fink Truss
- Scissors Truss
- Bowstring Truss
- Fink
- Bobtail
- Double W
- Fan
- Howe Grider
- Flat Top
- Raised Tie Scissors
- Scissors
- Parallel Chord
- Low Profile
- Clerestory
- Raised Tie
Truss Definition
- A structural system distributes loads to supports through a linear arrangement of various sized members in patterns of planar triangles.
- An assemblage of individual linear elements are arranged in a triangle or combination of triangles to form a rigid framework.
- Straight elements in triangular configuration results in a stable shape.
- An assembly made of triangulated members is also a rigid and stable structure.
Truss Elements
- Individual elements are joined together by pinned/hinge connections; elements are allowed to rotate and no moments are developed.
- The individual forces that can be applied are tension only or compression only.
- Secondary stresses are neglected at the joints.
- The self weight of the truss individual element is usually neglected.
- Loads are applied at the joints only, otherwise undesired bending develops in the member with the load.
- Individual Trusses are 2D elements that can only resist loads in their plane.
- Trusses depend on other structures for stability out of their own plane (i.e. braces and roof and slab diaphragms).
Project 2
- Design an analysis of a simple truss
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Description
Learn how to find the force AB in equilibrium structures using particle/joint equilibrium. This lesson covers reactions, including how to calculate Ay, By, Ax, Bx, and Cy reactions. It references specific pages in Book 1 and Salvadori Book for further reading.
