Equilibrium in Physical and Chemical Processes Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which concept classifies substances as acids or bases according to Arrhenius, Bronsted-Lowry, and Lewis?

  • Ionization constants
  • Dynamic nature of equilibrium
  • Equilibrium constants
  • Acid-base concepts (correct)

What does the pH scale represent?

  • Degree of ionization
  • Ionization constants
  • Equilibrium constants
  • Hydrogen ion concentration (correct)

What is the role of water in terms of acid and base?

  • It acts as a base only
  • It does not act as either an acid or a base
  • It acts as an acid only
  • It acts as both an acid and a base (correct)

What is the ionic product of water represented by?

<p>Kw (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do buffer solutions do?

<p>Maintain the pH of a solution (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Acid-Base Concepts

A concept used to classify substances as acids or bases based on their ability to donate or accept hydrogen ions (H+) or electron pairs.

What is the pH scale?

A scale that measures the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in a solution. Values range from 0 to 14, with lower values indicating higher acidity and higher values indicating higher alkalinity.

Water's Role in Acid-Base Chemistry

Water can act as both an acid and a base. In acidic solutions, it acts as a base by accepting hydrogen ions (H+). In basic solutions, it acts as an acid by donating hydrogen ions (H+).

What is Kw?

The ionic product of water (Kw) represents the equilibrium constant for the auto-ionization of water, where water molecules react to form hydronium (H3O+) and hydroxide (OH-) ions. Kw is equal to the product of [H3O+] and [OH-] and has a value of 1.0 x 10^-14 at 25°C.

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What are buffer solutions?

Solutions that resist changes in pH upon addition of small amounts of acid or base.

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Study Notes

Acid-Base Classifications

  • Arrhenius theory classifies substances as acids or bases based on their ability to donate or accept hydrogen ions (H+)
  • Bronsted-Lowry theory expands this definition to include conjugate acid-base pairs and the transfer of protons (H+)
  • Lewis theory defines acids as electron pair acceptors and bases as electron pair donors

pH Scale

  • The pH scale measures the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in a solution
  • pH ranges from 0-14, with 7 being neutral, below 7 being acidic, and above 7 being basic

Role of Water

  • Water (H2O) can act as an acid or a base, donating or accepting hydrogen ions (H+), making it amphoteric
  • Water plays a crucial role in acid-base chemistry, often participating in acid-base reactions as a reactant or solvent

Ionic Product of Water

  • The ionic product of water (Kw) represents the equilibrium constant for the self-ionization of water: H2O + H2O ⇌ H3O+ + OH-
  • The ionic product of water is 1.0 × 10^(-14) at 25°C

Buffer Solutions

  • Buffer solutions resist changes in pH when an acid or base is added, maintaining a relatively constant pH
  • Buffer solutions consist of a weak acid and its conjugate base, or a weak base and its conjugate acid, which work together to regulate pH

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