Podcast
Questions and Answers
According to the Arrhenius theory, what defines a base?
According to the Arrhenius theory, what defines a base?
- A substance that releases $OH^-$ ions in water solution.
- A substance that accepts an electron pair.
- A substance that releases $H^+$ ions in water solution.
- A substance that donates a proton in water solution. (correct)
Which statement accurately describes the behavior of hydrogen chloride (HCl) gas?
Which statement accurately describes the behavior of hydrogen chloride (HCl) gas?
- It acts as an acid regardless of the solvent.
- It requires dissolution in water to exhibit acidic properties.
- It directly produces $H^+$ ions in a gaseous state. (correct)
- It donates electrons to become an acid.
Which of the following is a characteristic property of acids?
Which of the following is a characteristic property of acids?
- Feels soapy to the touch.
- Reacts with metals to produce hydrogen gas. (correct)
- Tastes bitter.
- Turns red litmus paper blue.
What happens when acids react with carbonates?
What happens when acids react with carbonates?
What is produced when an acid reacts with a metal oxide or hydroxide?
What is produced when an acid reacts with a metal oxide or hydroxide?
Which of the following best describes a base, according to the provided materials?
Which of the following best describes a base, according to the provided materials?
What indicates that a substance is an alkali?
What indicates that a substance is an alkali?
What is a key characteristic of alkalis warmed with ammonium salts?
What is a key characteristic of alkalis warmed with ammonium salts?
What relationship exists between hydrogen ion concentration and pH?
What relationship exists between hydrogen ion concentration and pH?
If a solution has a high concentration of $OH^−$ ions, which of the following is true?
If a solution has a high concentration of $OH^−$ ions, which of the following is true?
What is the role of universal indicator in determining pH?
What is the role of universal indicator in determining pH?
What is the primary reason for monitoring and controlling soil pH in agriculture?
What is the primary reason for monitoring and controlling soil pH in agriculture?
Given that pH + pOH = 14, what is the pOH of a solution with a pH of 4.5?
Given that pH + pOH = 14, what is the pOH of a solution with a pH of 4.5?
If the pOH of a solution is 2.0, what is its pH?
If the pOH of a solution is 2.0, what is its pH?
What primarily determines whether an acid is classified as strong or weak?
What primarily determines whether an acid is classified as strong or weak?
What is the critical difference between the 'strength' and 'concentration' of an acid?
What is the critical difference between the 'strength' and 'concentration' of an acid?
Which of the following correctly represents the equilibrium constant expression ($K_a$) for the dissociation of a weak acid HA in water?
Which of the following correctly represents the equilibrium constant expression ($K_a$) for the dissociation of a weak acid HA in water?
How does an increase in the value of $K_a$ for an acid relate to its acid strength and pH?
How does an increase in the value of $K_a$ for an acid relate to its acid strength and pH?
Which of the following acids is considered a strong acid?
Which of the following acids is considered a strong acid?
What is the primary chemical process occurring during neutralization?
What is the primary chemical process occurring during neutralization?
According to the Brønsted-Lowry theory, what defines an acid?
According to the Brønsted-Lowry theory, what defines an acid?
According to the Lewis theory, what characterizes a base?
According to the Lewis theory, what characterizes a base?
Which of these substances is most likely to have a pH greater than 7?
Which of these substances is most likely to have a pH greater than 7?
Which application demonstrates neutralization in everyday life?
Which application demonstrates neutralization in everyday life?
What happens when lead reacts with hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid?
What happens when lead reacts with hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid?
Which of the given options best describes Arrhenius Theory of acids:
Which of the given options best describes Arrhenius Theory of acids:
What is the nature of acids?
What is the nature of acids?
How do Acids react with reactive metals:
How do Acids react with reactive metals:
How can you test for $H_2$:
How can you test for $H_2$:
What is the product when acids reacts with carbonates and hydrogen carbonates:
What is the product when acids reacts with carbonates and hydrogen carbonates:
Acids react with metal oxides and hydroxides to form _____ only:
Acids react with metal oxides and hydroxides to form _____ only:
What happens when alkalis warmed with ammonium salts:
What happens when alkalis warmed with ammonium salts:
What is the range of pH scale:
What is the range of pH scale:
What happens to pH value with higher $H^+$ concentration:
What happens to pH value with higher $H^+$ concentration:
Name the indicator which shows different colours in acidic and alkaline solutions:
Name the indicator which shows different colours in acidic and alkaline solutions:
Why it is important to control pH of Soil:
Why it is important to control pH of Soil:
Which of the following statement is true about strong acid:
Which of the following statement is true about strong acid:
Which of the following acids are considered strong acids:
Which of the following acids are considered strong acids:
According to Arrhenius theory, what type of ion do acids produce in water?
According to Arrhenius theory, what type of ion do acids produce in water?
According to Brønsted-Lowry theory, what is an acid defined as?
According to Brønsted-Lowry theory, what is an acid defined as?
According to Lewis theory, what is a base defined as?
According to Lewis theory, what is a base defined as?
What is the chemical formula for hydrochloric acid?
What is the chemical formula for hydrochloric acid?
Which of the following is a property of acids?
Which of the following is a property of acids?
What gas is produced when acids react with reactive metals?
What gas is produced when acids react with reactive metals?
What products are formed when acids react with carbonates?
What products are formed when acids react with carbonates?
What two products are formed when acids react with metal oxides?
What two products are formed when acids react with metal oxides?
A metal oxide reacting with an acid is also known as a what?
A metal oxide reacting with an acid is also known as a what?
What is the general term for the reaction between an acid and a base?
What is the general term for the reaction between an acid and a base?
Which of the following best describes a base?
Which of the following best describes a base?
What name is given to a soluble base?
What name is given to a soluble base?
When alkalis are warmed with ammonium salts, what gas is produced?
When alkalis are warmed with ammonium salts, what gas is produced?
What type of ions do alkalis produce when dissolved in water?
What type of ions do alkalis produce when dissolved in water?
On the pH scale, which range indicates a substance is acidic?
On the pH scale, which range indicates a substance is acidic?
What pH value is considered neutral?
What pH value is considered neutral?
On the pH scale, which range indicates a substance is alkaline?
On the pH scale, which range indicates a substance is alkaline?
What happens to the pH value as the concentration of $H^+$ ions increases?
What happens to the pH value as the concentration of $H^+$ ions increases?
As the pH value of a solution increases, what happens to the $OH^−$ concentration?
As the pH value of a solution increases, what happens to the $OH^−$ concentration?
Litmus paper turns what color in an acidic solution?
Litmus paper turns what color in an acidic solution?
Litmus paper turns what color in a solution is alkaline?
Litmus paper turns what color in a solution is alkaline?
What is the color of methyl orange in a strong acidic solution?
What is the color of methyl orange in a strong acidic solution?
What color is phenolphthalein in an alkaline solution?
What color is phenolphthalein in an alkaline solution?
What is the typical color of thymol blue in a strong acidic solution
What is the typical color of thymol blue in a strong acidic solution
Which device is used to measure pH electrically?
Which device is used to measure pH electrically?
Which of the following pH values indicates a strong acid?
Which of the following pH values indicates a strong acid?
Which process does waste water go through during the treatment to be filtered into the river?
Which process does waste water go through during the treatment to be filtered into the river?
What does a strong acid do when dissolved in water?
What does a strong acid do when dissolved in water?
Which of the following is the chemical formula for sulfuric acid?
Which of the following is the chemical formula for sulfuric acid?
Which of the following is the chemical formula for acetic acid?
Which of the following is the chemical formula for acetic acid?
What type of solution is ethanoic acid?
What type of solution is ethanoic acid?
What is the pH of pure water?
What is the pH of pure water?
What is the approximate pH of ammonia ($NH_3$)?
What is the approximate pH of ammonia ($NH_3$)?
What is the approximate pH of sodium hydroxide ($NaOH$)?
What is the approximate pH of sodium hydroxide ($NaOH$)?
What is "pOH" a measure of?
What is "pOH" a measure of?
What is the approximate pH of lemon juice?
What is the approximate pH of lemon juice?
What is the general term for a substance that donates a proton?
What is the general term for a substance that donates a proton?
What type of substance accepts an electron pair?
What type of substance accepts an electron pair?
What is the chemical formula of nitric acid?
What is the chemical formula of nitric acid?
Which of the following is a common property of acids?
Which of the following is a common property of acids?
What gas is produced in a reaction between an acid and a reactive metal?
What gas is produced in a reaction between an acid and a reactive metal?
What is the other name given to the reaction between a metal oxide and an acid?
What is the other name given to the reaction between a metal oxide and an acid?
Which of the following best describes a neutralization reaction?
Which of the following best describes a neutralization reaction?
What is the name given to a base that dissolves in water?
What is the name given to a base that dissolves in water?
What gas is released when alkalis are warmed with ammonium salts?
What gas is released when alkalis are warmed with ammonium salts?
What is the pH range for acidic substances?
What is the pH range for acidic substances?
What pH value indicates a neutral solution?
What pH value indicates a neutral solution?
What range on the pH scale indicates a substance is alkaline?
What range on the pH scale indicates a substance is alkaline?
What happens to the pH value as the concentration of $H^+$ ions increases in a solution?
What happens to the pH value as the concentration of $H^+$ ions increases in a solution?
What color does blue litmus paper turn in an acidic solution?
What color does blue litmus paper turn in an acidic solution?
What color does red litmus paper turn in an alkaline solution?
What color does red litmus paper turn in an alkaline solution?
What color is methyl orange in a strong acidic solution?
What color is methyl orange in a strong acidic solution?
What name is given to an instrument that measures pH electrically?
What name is given to an instrument that measures pH electrically?
Which pH value represents the strongest acid?
Which pH value represents the strongest acid?
What happens to a strong acid when it is dissolved in water?
What happens to a strong acid when it is dissolved in water?
What is the chemical formula for sulfuric acid?
What is the chemical formula for sulfuric acid?
What is the chemical formula for acetic acid?
What is the chemical formula for acetic acid?
Is hydrogen chloride gas ($HCl(g)$) an acid?
Is hydrogen chloride gas ($HCl(g)$) an acid?
Which of the following is not a property of acids?
Which of the following is not a property of acids?
Acids react with carbonates to produce carbon dioxide. What test is used to confirm the presence of carbon dioxide?
Acids react with carbonates to produce carbon dioxide. What test is used to confirm the presence of carbon dioxide?
What are the products formed when an acid reacts with a metal hydroxide?
What are the products formed when an acid reacts with a metal hydroxide?
In the reaction: base + acid → salt + water, what is this type of reaction known as?
In the reaction: base + acid → salt + water, what is this type of reaction known as?
According to the pH scale, which of the following pH values indicates the strongest alkaline solution?
According to the pH scale, which of the following pH values indicates the strongest alkaline solution?
Why is it important to control the pH of soil?
Why is it important to control the pH of soil?
Acids are described as substances with acidic properties only when they are:
Acids are described as substances with acidic properties only when they are:
Why does lead appear unreactive with hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid?
Why does lead appear unreactive with hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid?
Which of the following is likely to have a pH greater than 7?
Which of the following is likely to have a pH greater than 7?
What is produced when alkalis reacts with a solution of one metal salt?
What is produced when alkalis reacts with a solution of one metal salt?
According to the summary definition, which of the following characterizes an Arrhenius acid?
According to the summary definition, which of the following characterizes an Arrhenius acid?
According to summary definition, what is the definition of Bronsted-Lowry base?
According to summary definition, what is the definition of Bronsted-Lowry base?
According to the Lewis theory, what defines an acid?
According to the Lewis theory, what defines an acid?
What is required for a substance to exhibit acidic properties?
What is required for a substance to exhibit acidic properties?
What determines if hydrogen chloride gas ($HCl(g)$) is an acid?
What determines if hydrogen chloride gas ($HCl(g)$) is an acid?
Which of the following ions is produced by acids in water?
Which of the following ions is produced by acids in water?
What happens to blue litmus paper when it comes into contact with an acid?
What happens to blue litmus paper when it comes into contact with an acid?
Besides a salt, what other substance is formed when acids react with reactive metals?
Besides a salt, what other substance is formed when acids react with reactive metals?
What is the correct method to test for hydrogen gas ($H_2$)?
What is the correct method to test for hydrogen gas ($H_2$)?
Acids react with carbonates to produce water, a salt, and what other compound?
Acids react with carbonates to produce water, a salt, and what other compound?
What is the expected outcome when carbon dioxide gas ($CO_2$) is bubbled through calcium hydroxide (limewater)?
What is the expected outcome when carbon dioxide gas ($CO_2$) is bubbled through calcium hydroxide (limewater)?
Acids react with metal oxides and metal hydroxides to produce which of the following?
Acids react with metal oxides and metal hydroxides to produce which of the following?
A reaction between an acid and a base is called?
A reaction between an acid and a base is called?
A base is defined as a metal oxide or hydroxide that reacts with _____ to produce a salt and water only.
A base is defined as a metal oxide or hydroxide that reacts with _____ to produce a salt and water only.
What effect do bases have on red litmus paper?
What effect do bases have on red litmus paper?
What ions are produced when an alkali dissolves in water?
What ions are produced when an alkali dissolves in water?
What is the pH of a neutral solution?
What is the pH of a neutral solution?
Which of the following describes the relationship between H+ concentration and pH value?
Which of the following describes the relationship between H+ concentration and pH value?
What is the purpose of using universal indicator?
What is the purpose of using universal indicator?
What will happen to the reading if pH meter is used?
What will happen to the reading if pH meter is used?
What determines the strength of an acid?
What determines the strength of an acid?
What is the key difference between strong and weak acids?
What is the key difference between strong and weak acids?
What formula relates pH and pOH?
What formula relates pH and pOH?
What is a property of strong acid?
What is a property of strong acid?
If the concentration of hydrogen ions, [$H^+$], in a solution increases, what happens to the pH?
If the concentration of hydrogen ions, [$H^+$], in a solution increases, what happens to the pH?
If the concentration of hydroxide ions, [$OH^−$], in a solution increases, what happens to the pOH?
If the concentration of hydroxide ions, [$OH^−$], in a solution increases, what happens to the pOH?
If the pH of a solution is 5, is it acidic, basic, or neutral?
If the pH of a solution is 5, is it acidic, basic, or neutral?
Which of the following is required for a substance to exhibit acidic properties?
Which of the following is required for a substance to exhibit acidic properties?
What are the main application of neutralization process?
What are the main application of neutralization process?
Which of the following is likely to have a pH less than 7?
Which of the following is likely to have a pH less than 7?
According to the summary definition, what is the key characteristic of an Arrhenius base?
According to the summary definition, what is the key characteristic of an Arrhenius base?
According to the Brnsted-Lowry theory, what is the role of a base?
According to the Brnsted-Lowry theory, what is the role of a base?
According to the Lewis definition, what fundamental action defines an acid?
According to the Lewis definition, what fundamental action defines an acid?
When does a substance exhibit acidic properties?
When does a substance exhibit acidic properties?
Why is hydrogen chloride gas, $HCl(g)$, not considered an acid in its gaseous state?
Why is hydrogen chloride gas, $HCl(g)$, not considered an acid in its gaseous state?
Which ion is responsible for the characteristic properties of an acid in an aqueous solution?
Which ion is responsible for the characteristic properties of an acid in an aqueous solution?
What is the expected color change when blue litmus paper is dipped into an acidic solution?
What is the expected color change when blue litmus paper is dipped into an acidic solution?
Besides a salt, what is the other product formed when an acid reacts with a reactive metal?
Besides a salt, what is the other product formed when an acid reacts with a reactive metal?
What is the correct procedure to test for the presence of hydrogen gas ($H_2$)?
What is the correct procedure to test for the presence of hydrogen gas ($H_2$)?
What is the outcome of bubbling carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) through calcium hydroxide solution (limewater)?
What is the outcome of bubbling carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) through calcium hydroxide solution (limewater)?
What is the reaction between an acid and a base known as?
What is the reaction between an acid and a base known as?
A base is defined as a metal oxide or hydroxide that reacts with what to produce a salt and water only?
A base is defined as a metal oxide or hydroxide that reacts with what to produce a salt and water only?
What effect do bases typically have on red litmus paper?
What effect do bases typically have on red litmus paper?
What is the pH value of a neutral solution at standard conditions?
What is the pH value of a neutral solution at standard conditions?
Which of the following describes the correlation between $H^+$ concentration and pH value?
Which of the following describes the correlation between $H^+$ concentration and pH value?
What is the use of universal indicator?
What is the use of universal indicator?
How does using a pH meter enhance pH measurement compared to indicators?
How does using a pH meter enhance pH measurement compared to indicators?
What is the primary factor determining the 'strength' of an acid?
What is the primary factor determining the 'strength' of an acid?
What is the key difference between a strong acid and a weak acid?
What is the key difference between a strong acid and a weak acid?
What is the mathematical relationship between pH and pOH at $25^\circ C$?
What is the mathematical relationship between pH and pOH at $25^\circ C$?
Which of the following is a characteristic property of a strong acid in aqueous solution?
Which of the following is a characteristic property of a strong acid in aqueous solution?
If the concentration of hydrogen ions, [$H^+$], in a solution increases, what happens to the pH of the solution?
If the concentration of hydrogen ions, [$H^+$], in a solution increases, what happens to the pH of the solution?
If a solution has a pH of 5 at standard conditions, is it acidic, basic, or neutral?
If a solution has a pH of 5 at standard conditions, is it acidic, basic, or neutral?
What condition is essential for a substance to exhibit acidic characteristics?
What condition is essential for a substance to exhibit acidic characteristics?
Which of the following is a practical application of neutralization?
Which of the following is a practical application of neutralization?
Which substance is likely to have a pH less than 7?
Which substance is likely to have a pH less than 7?
What happens microscopically when a strong acid dissolves in water?
What happens microscopically when a strong acid dissolves in water?
If vinegar is observed to have a pH of around 3, how would you classify it?
If vinegar is observed to have a pH of around 3, how would you classify it?
Which of the following formulas represents an acid that completely dissociates in water?
Which of the following formulas represents an acid that completely dissociates in water?
What are the products formed when sulfuric acid ($H_2SO_4$) reacts with copper(II) oxide ($CuO$)?
What are the products formed when sulfuric acid ($H_2SO_4$) reacts with copper(II) oxide ($CuO$)?
How does the $K_a$ value relate to the strength of a weak acid?
How does the $K_a$ value relate to the strength of a weak acid?
A solution with a pOH of 12 at standard conditions would be best described as what?
A solution with a pOH of 12 at standard conditions would be best described as what?
How does an increase in temperature affect the pH of pure water, assuming no external contaminants are added?
How does an increase in temperature affect the pH of pure water, assuming no external contaminants are added?
A newly discovered element, Element X ($X$), forms a hydroxide compound $X(OH)_2$. If this hydroxide completely dissociates in water, what can be concluded?
A newly discovered element, Element X ($X$), forms a hydroxide compound $X(OH)_2$. If this hydroxide completely dissociates in water, what can be concluded?
What subtle chemical process explains why lead ($Pb$) appears unreactive with hydrochloric ($HCl$) and sulfuric ($H_2SO_4$) acids?
What subtle chemical process explains why lead ($Pb$) appears unreactive with hydrochloric ($HCl$) and sulfuric ($H_2SO_4$) acids?
A scientist mistakenly adds a strong acid to a solution meant for plant irrigation. Which action MOST effectively utilizes neutralization to reverse the error before irrigating?
A scientist mistakenly adds a strong acid to a solution meant for plant irrigation. Which action MOST effectively utilizes neutralization to reverse the error before irrigating?
What is the role of hydrogen ions in determining the properties of an acid?
What is the role of hydrogen ions in determining the properties of an acid?
Under what condition does a substance exhibit acidic properties?
Under what condition does a substance exhibit acidic properties?
What product is formed, along with water and a salt, when acids react with carbonates?
What product is formed, along with water and a salt, when acids react with carbonates?
What is the general term for the reaction between a metal oxide and an acid?
What is the general term for the reaction between a metal oxide and an acid?
What is the general term for metal oxide or hydroxide that reacts with an acid?
What is the general term for metal oxide or hydroxide that reacts with an acid?
How do bases affect red litmus paper?
How do bases affect red litmus paper?
What is the relationship between $H^+$ concentration and pH value?
What is the relationship between $H^+$ concentration and pH value?
What reading measuring the pH uses electrical measurments?
What reading measuring the pH uses electrical measurments?
Which formula relates pH and pOH at $25^\circ C$?
Which formula relates pH and pOH at $25^\circ C$?
As the strength of an acid increases, what happens to the $K_a$ value?
As the strength of an acid increases, what happens to the $K_a$ value?
A solution has a pH of 5; is it acidic, basic, or neutral?
A solution has a pH of 5; is it acidic, basic, or neutral?
Lead ($Pb$) appears unreactive with hydrochloric ($HCl$) and sulfuric ($H_2SO_4$) acids, which subtle chemical process accounts for it?
Lead ($Pb$) appears unreactive with hydrochloric ($HCl$) and sulfuric ($H_2SO_4$) acids, which subtle chemical process accounts for it?
According to the image, arrange the following acids in increasing order of acid strength: Acetic acid, hydrofluoric acid, carbonic acid, and hydrochloric acid.
According to the image, arrange the following acids in increasing order of acid strength: Acetic acid, hydrofluoric acid, carbonic acid, and hydrochloric acid.
Identify the conjugate base for sulfuric acid according to the image:
Identify the conjugate base for sulfuric acid according to the image:
If you have a solution with POH of 3.46 what is the PH of the solution?
If you have a solution with POH of 3.46 what is the PH of the solution?
According to the image, which has higher concentration in alkalis?
According to the image, which has higher concentration in alkalis?
Which among the following can serve as common acids and bases?
Which among the following can serve as common acids and bases?
The pH scale can be used as a quantitative measure to evaluate the acidity or basicity of a solution. What is the nature of pure water on the pH scale?
The pH scale can be used as a quantitative measure to evaluate the acidity or basicity of a solution. What is the nature of pure water on the pH scale?
Bases are substances that react with acids to form ______ and ______.?
Bases are substances that react with acids to form ______ and ______.?
What is the name given to a base that is soluble in water?
What is the name given to a base that is soluble in water?
What do the universal indicators do?
What do the universal indicators do?
Acids react with carbonates and hydrogen carbonates to form a _____ , _____ and ____.
Acids react with carbonates and hydrogen carbonates to form a _____ , _____ and ____.
Acids react with reactive metals to give a ____ and _____.
Acids react with reactive metals to give a ____ and _____.
Which of the following will most likely have a H+ concentration in the middle?
Which of the following will most likely have a H+ concentration in the middle?
Which of the following will turn red litmus paper to blue?
Which of the following will turn red litmus paper to blue?
If there is not dissociation in water, can hydrogen chloride gas, HCl (g) still be named as acid?
If there is not dissociation in water, can hydrogen chloride gas, HCl (g) still be named as acid?
Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the text?
Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the text?
What is the relationship between H+ and OH- concentration in Acids?
What is the relationship between H+ and OH- concentration in Acids?
What of the pH of pure water (H2O)?
What of the pH of pure water (H2O)?
Rank the followin bases in terms of strength according to the given image. Ammonia, Hydroxide, and Amide?
Rank the followin bases in terms of strength according to the given image. Ammonia, Hydroxide, and Amide?
According to the Arrhenius theory, which ions are released by a base in an aqueous solution?
According to the Arrhenius theory, which ions are released by a base in an aqueous solution?
According to the Brnsted-Lowry theory, what action characterizes a base?
According to the Brnsted-Lowry theory, what action characterizes a base?
Which of the following defines a Lewis acid?
Which of the following defines a Lewis acid?
What ion is primarily responsible for the characteristic properties of an acid in an aqueous solution?
What ion is primarily responsible for the characteristic properties of an acid in an aqueous solution?
Which method is used to test for the presence of hydrogen gas ($H_2$)?
Which method is used to test for the presence of hydrogen gas ($H_2$)?
What additional product is formed, alongside water and a salt, when acids react with carbonates?
What additional product is formed, alongside water and a salt, when acids react with carbonates?
What is the expected observation when carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) is bubbled through calcium hydroxide solution (limewater)?
What is the expected observation when carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) is bubbled through calcium hydroxide solution (limewater)?
What is the reaction between an acid and a base commonly known as?
What is the reaction between an acid and a base commonly known as?
What is the pH of a neutral solution at standard conditions?
What is the pH of a neutral solution at standard conditions?
If the $K_a$ of an acid, $HA$, is $1.8 \times 10^{-5}$ and $2.5 \times 10^{-2}$ for another acid $HB$, which one is more acidic?
If the $K_a$ of an acid, $HA$, is $1.8 \times 10^{-5}$ and $2.5 \times 10^{-2}$ for another acid $HB$, which one is more acidic?
Given that the $pH + pOH = 14$, what is the $pOH$ of a solution with a $pH$ of 7?
Given that the $pH + pOH = 14$, what is the $pOH$ of a solution with a $pH$ of 7?
According to the Lewis definition, which action defines a base?
According to the Lewis definition, which action defines a base?
What condition is essential for a substance to exhibit acidic properties in a solution?
What condition is essential for a substance to exhibit acidic properties in a solution?
What property is directly related to the responsible properties of an acid?
What property is directly related to the responsible properties of an acid?
Which product is formed, along with a salt and water, when acids react with carbonates?
Which product is formed, along with a salt and water, when acids react with carbonates?
Which of the following equations accurately represents the autoionization of water?
Which of the following equations accurately represents the autoionization of water?
Consider a scenario where a strong acid is accidentally spilled and needs to be neutralized quickly. Which action would be MOST effective?
Consider a scenario where a strong acid is accidentally spilled and needs to be neutralized quickly. Which action would be MOST effective?
You have two solutions: Solution A has a pH of 3, and Solution B has a pH of 6. How many times more acidic is Solution A compared to Solution B?
You have two solutions: Solution A has a pH of 3, and Solution B has a pH of 6. How many times more acidic is Solution A compared to Solution B?
A scientist dissolves $0.1$ mol of a hypothetical monoprotic acid $HX$ in $1.0 L$ of water. The measured pH of the solution is $3.0$. The solution be best described as?
A scientist dissolves $0.1$ mol of a hypothetical monoprotic acid $HX$ in $1.0 L$ of water. The measured pH of the solution is $3.0$. The solution be best described as?
Given a $0.01 \ M$ solution, which of the following acids would have the lowest pH?
Given a $0.01 \ M$ solution, which of the following acids would have the lowest pH?
A student prepares two solutions: Solution A consists of $0.1 M$ acetic acid ($CH_3COOH$), and Solution B consists of $0.1 M$ hydrochloric acid ($HCl$). What difference is expected?
A student prepares two solutions: Solution A consists of $0.1 M$ acetic acid ($CH_3COOH$), and Solution B consists of $0.1 M$ hydrochloric acid ($HCl$). What difference is expected?
A chemistry student, attempting to prepare a buffer solution with a pH close to 7, mixes $0.1 M$ solutions of $HCl$ and $NaOH$ in equal volumes. Upon measuring the pH, the student finds the resulting value to be drastically different from the intended target. What is the MOST PROBABLE cause?
A chemistry student, attempting to prepare a buffer solution with a pH close to 7, mixes $0.1 M$ solutions of $HCl$ and $NaOH$ in equal volumes. Upon measuring the pH, the student finds the resulting value to be drastically different from the intended target. What is the MOST PROBABLE cause?
Solution X has a pH = 9 and Solution Y has a pH = 4. Which statement is true?
Solution X has a pH = 9 and Solution Y has a pH = 4. Which statement is true?
Flashcards
What is an Acid?
What is an Acid?
A substance that produces hydrogen ions (H+) in aqueous solution.
Acid reactions with metals
Acid reactions with metals
Acids react with reactive metals to produce a salt and hydrogen gas; some metals like lead are exceptions due to insoluble layer formation.
Acids and Carbonates
Acids and Carbonates
Acids react with carbonates to generate a salt, water, and carbon dioxide gas.
Acid reactions with metal oxides/hydroxides
Acid reactions with metal oxides/hydroxides
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What is a Base?
What is a Base?
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What is an Alkali?
What is an Alkali?
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What does the pH scale measure?
What does the pH scale measure?
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What are the characteristics of Acids, according to the pH scale?
What are the characteristics of Acids, according to the pH scale?
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What are the characteristics of Bases, according to the pH scale?
What are the characteristics of Bases, according to the pH scale?
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What are Indicators?
What are Indicators?
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What is a strong acid?
What is a strong acid?
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What forms strong bases?
What forms strong bases?
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What forms during neutralization reactions?
What forms during neutralization reactions?
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Arrhenius Theory
Arrhenius Theory
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Brønsted-Lowry Theory
Brønsted-Lowry Theory
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Lewis Theory
Lewis Theory
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Is HCl (g) an acid?
Is HCl (g) an acid?
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When are acidic properties shown?
When are acidic properties shown?
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Acid Taste
Acid Taste
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Acid on litmus paper
Acid on litmus paper
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Acid litmus paper test
Acid litmus paper test
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Alkalis and Metal Salts
Alkalis and Metal Salts
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Acids are electrolytes,
Acids are electrolytes,
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Properties of Bases
Properties of Bases
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Base litmus paper test
Base litmus paper test
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Soil pH Importance
Soil pH Importance
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pH and pOH Formulas
pH and pOH Formulas
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pH and pOH relationship
pH and pOH relationship
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Controlling Soil pH
Controlling Soil pH
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Weak acid
Weak acid
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Weak Base
Weak Base
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Strength vs. Concentration
Strength vs. Concentration
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Solubility of Salts
Solubility of Salts
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What is Neutralization?
What is Neutralization?
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Define pH
Define pH
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Examples of Acids
Examples of Acids
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Define pOH
Define pOH
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Examples of Bases
Examples of Bases
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Acid Strength
Acid Strength
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Acid Concentration
Acid Concentration
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How to remember litmus test
How to remember litmus test
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Acid reaction products
Acid reaction products
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What is Universal Indicator?
What is Universal Indicator?
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How is pH measured?
How is pH measured?
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Ka and Solution Strength
Ka and Solution Strength
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Metals react with acids
Metals react with acids
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Water's Role in Acid Solutions
Water's Role in Acid Solutions
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Turning Blue Litmus Paper Red
Turning Blue Litmus Paper Red
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acidimetric titration
acidimetric titration
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Acid Properties
Acid Properties
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Base Properties
Base Properties
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Strong Bases
Strong Bases
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Water's Role in Acid Solutions
Water's Role in Acid Solutions
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Turning Blue Litmus Paper Red
Turning Blue Litmus Paper Red
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acidimetric titration
acidimetric titration
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pH meter
pH meter
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Reactive Metal Product
Reactive Metal Product
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Neutralisation
Neutralisation
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Antacids
Antacids
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Alkalis and heat
Alkalis and heat
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Strength relationship
Strength relationship
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Gaseous State Matters
Gaseous State Matters
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Lead Reactions Barrier
Lead Reactions Barrier
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Study Notes
Acid and Base Chemistry
- Acids and bases are prevalent in everyday things
Goals for the Day
- Cover the nature of acids and bases
- Learn about acid strength
- Define the pH scale
- Calculate the pH of strong and weak acid solutions
- Define bases
- Discuss the acid-base properties of salts
- Describe acid solutions where water contributes to the H+ concentration
- Includes strong acid solutions where water contributes to the H+ ConcentratioN
Acid Definitions
- Acids produce hydrogen ions (H+) in aqueous solutions
- Hydrogen ions are responsible for an acid's properties
- Examples of acids: HNO3(aq) -> H+(aq) + NO3–(aq), H2SO4(aq) -> 2H+(aq) + SO42–(aq), CH3COOH(aq) -> H+(aq) + CH3COO–(aq)
Theories and Definitions
- Arrhenius Theory: Acids release H+ ions in water; bases release OH- ions in water
- Brønsted-Lowry Theory: Acids donate a proton (H+); bases accept a proton (H+)
- Lewis Theory: Acids accept an electron pair; bases donate an electron pair
Is Hydrogen Chloride an Acid?
- HCl gas form exists as covalent molecules
- HCl gas form is not an acid in gaseous form because it does not dissolve in water and cannot produce H+ ions
Properties of acidic substances
- For a substance to have acidic properties, it must be dissolved in water to form an aqueous solution, and it must ionize to produce H+ ions
- Acids produce H+ (as H3O+) ions in water, where the hydronium ion is a hydrogen ion attached to a water molecule
- Acids taste sour and corrode metals
- Acids are electrolytes react with bases to form a salt and water
- Acids have a pH less than 7 and turns blue litmus paper red
Reactions of Acids
- Acids react with reactive metals to form a salt and hydrogen gas
- Hydrogen gas can be tested by using a lighted wooden splint, producing a 'pop' sound when the flame is put out
- Salt happens when H+ in the acid is then replaced by a metallic ion (Na+, K+, Zn2+) or ammonium (NH4+)
- Lead appears unreactive to hydrochloric and sulfuric acid because an insoluble layer of PbCl2 or PbSO4 prevents further reaction
- Acids react with carbonates and hydrogen carbonates to form a salt, water, and carbon dioxide
- CO2 gas bubbled through calcium hydroxide will produce a white precipitate (calcium carbonate)
- Acids react with metal oxides and hydroxides to form a salt and water, also known as neutralization
Bases
- A base is any metal oxide or hydroxide that reacts with an acid to produce only salt and water
- The reaction between bases and acids is called neutralization
- Bases produce hydroxide ions (OH-) in water
- Bases have a bitter, chalky taste, and are electrolytes
- Bases feel soapy and slippery
- Bases react with acids to form salts and water
- Bases have a pH greater than 7 and turns red litmus paper blue
- Alkalis warmed with ammonium salts produce ammonia gas
- Alkalis react with a solution of one metal salt to another metal salt and metal hydroxide
- An alkali is a soluble base that dissolves in water to produce OH- ions
- All alkalis are bases, but not all bases are alkalis
The pH scale
- The pH of a solution relates to the concentration of H+ or OH- that is present
- Acids have higher H+ concentration, lower OH- concentration, and a lower pH value
- Alkalis have higher OH- concentration, lower H+ concentration, and a higher pH value
Additional pH Scale Details
- Common acids: H2SO4 (aq), HCl (aq), HNO3 (aq), CH3COOH (aq)
- Neutral: H2O(1)
- Common bases: NaOH(aq), NH3(aq)
- Gastric juices have a pH of 1, dilute HCl has a pH of 2, lemon juice has a pH of 2
- Vinegar has a pH of 3, canned fizzy drinks have a pH of 4 and rain pH water of 6
- Pure water has a pH of 7 while blood has a pH of 8
- Toothpaste has a pH of 10, detergents a pH of 13 and aqueous NaOH a pH of 14
Measuring Acidity and Basicity
- pOH = -log[OH-]
- pH = -log[H+]
- Indicators are substances that show different colors in acidic and alkaline solutions
- Litmus is red in strong acidic solutions and blue in strong alkaline solutions
- Methyl orange is red in strong acidic solutions and yellow in alkaline solutions
- Screened methyl orange is violet in strong acidic solutions and green in alkaline solutions
- Phenolphthalein is colorless in strong acidic solutions and pink in alkaline solutions
- Universal indicators are added in drops to a solution to be tested, and then compare the color to the pH scale
Measuring the pH of Solutions
- A pH meter measures pH electrically with more accuracy
- A pH meter contains a pH probe and data logger
Soil Acidity
- It is important to control pH of soil because it affect the growth and development of plants.
- Most plants grow best in neutral or slightly acidic soils
- Potatoes grow well at pH 5.5‐6.5
- Cabbages grow well at pH 7.5‐8.5
Useful formulas for measuring acid and base strength
- pH + pOH = 14, [H+] = 10^(-pH), [OH] = 10^(-POH)
- pH=-log[H+], pOH=-log[OH-], 1x10-14=[H+][OH-]
Sample problems
- If pH = -log = -log[] = 5, then pOH = 14 - pH = 9
- If pOH = -log = -log[] = 3.46, then pH= 14 - pOH = 10.54 is 2.9
Strong vs Weak Acids
- Acids that dissociate 100% into ions are strong
- As an example: HCl→ H+(aq) + Cl-(aq)
- Acids that do not dissociate 100% and are reversible are weak
- As an example: HC2H3O2 ⇆ H+(aq) + C2H3O2−(aq)
Confused about Acid Concentration
- Strength is "HOW MUCH AN ACID DISSOCIATES"
- Concentration is "How much acid is in a certain volume"
Weak acids ionization
- HA(aq) + H2O(l) ⇆ H3O+(aq) + A-(aq)
- Ka = [H3O+][A-]/[HA]
- Weak acids have Ka less than 1
- Leads to small [H3O+] and a pH of 2-7
Weak Base Ionization
- B(aq) + H2O(l) ⇆ BH+(aq) + OH-(aq)
- Kb = [BH+][OH-]/[B]
- A weak base has K < 1
- Leads to small [OH-] and a pH of 12-7
Acid Base Strength Relationship
- As Ka and [H3O+] increase, the pH decreases
- As Kb and pH increase, [H3O+] decreases
General acid and base tips
- The hydroxides of Group I and Group II in the periodic table are considered strong bases
- Strong acids include HCl, HBr, HI, HNO3, H2SO4
Neutralization formula examples
- ACID + BASE -> H+OH- + SALT
More formulas regarding oxides hydroxides and carbonates of acids and metals
- METAL OXIDES + ACID -> SALT + WATER
- METAL HYDROXIDES + ACID -> SALT + WATER
- 2 HCL + Na₂O → 2NaCl + H₂O
- H₂SO₄ + 2 KOH → K₂SO₄ + 2H₂O
- Shows the use of potassium sulfate
- ACID + METAL CARBONATES -> SALT + H₂O + CO₂
- 2 HNO3 + CaCO3 -> Ca(NO3)2 + H2O + CO₂
- States NaCl, K₂SO₄, Ca(NO3)2 are soluble in this example
Solubility rules for various ions
- All sodium (Na), potassium (K) and ammonium are soluble along with nitrates (NO3 -)
- Most chlorides (Cl-) and iodides (I-) are soluble except with silver (Ag+), lead (Pb2+), mercury (Hg2+)
- Most sulfates (SO4 2-) are soluble except with Ag+, Pb2+, calcium Ca2+, strontium (Sr2+) and barium (Ba2+)
- Most carbonates (CO3 2-) and most hydroxides (OH) are insoluble except with Group 1A and NH4+ which are soluble
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Description
Explore the fundamental concepts of acids and bases. This covers Arrhenius, Brønsted-Lowry, and Lewis theories. Learn about acid strength, pH scale, and acid-base properties of salts.
