Equality and Inequality Concepts
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Questions and Answers

What did Thomas Hobbes assert about natural equality?

  • Natural equality is irrelevant to social outcomes.
  • Natural equality creates manmade inequalities. (correct)
  • Natural equality guarantees equal social positions.
  • Natural equality eliminates all forms of discrimination.

    • What crucial aspect did Hobbes emphasize regarding individuals?

  • Individuals must be treated as equals despite their differences. (correct)
  • All individuals are inherently equal in ability.
  • Different abilities should lead to unequal treatment.
  • Individual rights are secondary to societal needs.

    • According to Rousseau, which of the following is a consequence of social and material inequalities?

  • Increased collaboration among society's members.
  • Human dignity is not achievable. (correct)
  • Improved human dignity and self-worth.
  • Equality enhances individual autonomy.

    • How did Rousseau believe equality could be achieved?

    <p>Via natural law and respect for each individual.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Karl Marx reject in favor of his ideas?

    <p>The notion that equality is achievable through liberty.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is essential for mutual respect among members of society, according to Rousseau?

    <p>Social equality and fraternity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Hobbes believe was necessary for every individual, regardless of their abilities?

    <p>Equal opportunities to develop their capabilities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect did Marx consider foundational for achieving equality?

    <p>Fraternity among individuals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of society does Marx emphasize for achieving equality?

    <p>Emancipation of workers from exploitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does natural equality signify?

    <p>Every person deserves equal opportunities for development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Tocqueville, what is necessary to ensure equality in the judiciary?

    <p>Judges must not discriminate based on wealth or race</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does equality before the law mean?

    <p>Laws apply equally to all citizens, regardless of status</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which philosopher believed in natural equality within the State of Nature?

    <p>Hobbes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Tocqueville argue about the relationship between equality and liberty?

    <p>Equality should be prioritized over freedom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one consequence of economic inequality according to the content?

    <p>It creates division in society.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Harold Laski, what should equality focus on?

    <p>The provision of essential commodities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the main purposes of establishing equality in society?

    <p>To maintain a classless society</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a facet of equality highlighted in the content?

    <p>Equality of Opportunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Ernest Barker propose regarding property rights?

    <p>Everyone has the right to accumulate property based on ability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which system is mentioned as a major obstacle to social equality?

    <p>Caste hierarchy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is essential for deprived sections of the population to compete with privileged sections?

    <p>Access to education and social wellbeing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does economic equality aim to achieve?

    <p>Equal opportunities for individual development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does equality aim to address the issues within society?

    <p>By reducing inequalities and creating fair conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is suggested as necessary to achieve both social and economic equality?

    <p>Simultaneous efforts from various sectors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of Mahatma Phule and Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar in the context of social equality?

    <p>Elimination of gender and caste discrimination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT identified as a basis for discrimination in society?

    <p>Age</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is social equality expected to eliminate?

    <p>Distinctions on the basis of caste and religion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the State ensure social equality according to the content?

    <p>Through legislation and laws</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the content suggest is the responsibility of the State regarding social status?

    <p>To ensure equal social status and rights to all</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What recent societal issue is highlighted in the context of social equality in South Africa and the United States?

    <p>Racial discrimination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which thinker is associated with child marriage, widow remarriage, and women's rights?

    <p>Justice Ranade</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept did Mahatma Phule and Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar promote to uplift weaker sections of society?

    <p>Social equality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of welfare equality?

    <p>Fulfillment of individual needs over available resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect does civil equality guarantee?

    <p>Equality before the law for all individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'equality of resources' refer to?

    <p>Equitable distribution of resources among individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of equality primarily allows citizens to engage in governmental affairs?

    <p>Political equality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is necessary for the realization of political equality in a society?

    <p>Deliberate efforts to promote inclusivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the concept of equality of capabilities differ from the availability of resources?

    <p>Capabilities focus more on the effective use of resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one implication of political inequality in society?

    <p>Increased likelihood of societal unrest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true about special laws for weaker sections?

    <p>They are intended to provide equal protection under the law</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Equality and Inequality

    • Natural Equality: All individuals are equal by nature, despite differences in physical and intellectual abilities.
    • Man-Made Inequalities: Social, political and economic structures create inequalities based on factors like caste, wealth, and religion.
    • Hobbes: Emphasized the importance of natural equality and individual rights, arguing that the government cannot take away these rights.
    • Rousseau: Analyzed both natural and man-made inequalities. He believed greed led to the concept of private property and division of labor, which ultimately caused inequality.
    • Karl Marx: Rejected the liberal idea of equality and proposed a socialist approach. He believed equality could be achieved through the creation of a classless society and equal distribution of means of production.

    Types of Equality

    • Natural Equality: All human beings are equal by virtue of being human.
    • Equality Before Law and Equal Protection of Law: All citizens are treated equally under the law, regardless of their social status or wealth.
    • Equality of Opportunity: Everyone should have equal opportunities to develop their skills and potential, regardless of background.
    • Civil Equality: All people have equal access to civil rights, free from discrimination based on factors like race, religion, gender, etc.
    • Political Equality: Every citizen has an equal right to participate in government, especially through universal suffrage and representation.
    • Social Equality: No distinction is made between people based on caste, religion, race, occupation, gender, etc.
    • Economic Equality: Means providing equal opportunities for development, preventing exploitation, and ensuring access to essential goods and services for all.

    Importance of Equality

    • Necessary for a fair and just society
    • Upholds human dignity
    • Fosters mutual respect
    • Leads to fraternity
    • Promotes individual liberty

    Equality in India

    • Caste System: Creates social, economic, and political inequality
    • Gender Inequality: Patriarchal system creates inequalities for women in multiple areas
    • Mahatma Phule, Tarabai Shinde, Justice Ranade, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar: All championed equality and advocated for just distribution of resources

    Key Thinkers on Equality

    • Mahatma Phule: Focused on eliminating caste and gender discrimination.
    • Justice Mahadev Govind Ranade: Reformer who worked on issues like child marriage, widow remarriage, and women’s rights.
    • Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar: Stressed the importance of social equality and worked for uplifting the marginalized sections of society.

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    Equality and Justice PDF

    Description

    Explore the philosophical and sociological perspectives on equality and inequality. This quiz covers the ideas of prominent thinkers like Hobbes, Rousseau, and Marx, discussing both natural and man-made inequalities. Test your understanding of the various types of equality and their implications in society.

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