Historical Perspectives exam 3 review
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Questions and Answers

Which psychologist is primarily associated with the development of operant conditioning?

  • B.F. Skinner (correct)
  • John B. Watson
  • Sergei Bekhterev
  • Ivan Pavlov
  • What influence did Hippocrates have on early psychological thought?

  • He believed the mind is a blank slate shaped entirely by experience.
  • He suggested that biological and physical causes are responsible for human activity. (correct)
  • He focused primarily on the moral implications of behavior.
  • He promoted the concept of mechanical responses to stimuli.
  • Which of the following is NOT identified as a behaviorist scholar?

  • Jean Piaget (correct)
  • Ivan Pavlov
  • John B. Watson
  • B.F. Skinner
  • Which statement best describes the focus of behaviorism in Europe and America between the 1920s and 1950s?

    <p>A focus on learned associations and observable behaviors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic is shared by the early behaviorist scholars mentioned?

    <p>All focused on measurable components of behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept did Albert Bandura develop that reflects an optimistic belief in one's abilities?

    <p>Self-efficacy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a researcher associated with social influence in psychology?

    <p>Maslow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What evidence suggests challenges in replicating studies in social psychology?

    <p>Study on intelligence priming</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Piaget's research was characterized by a focus on which aspect of development?

    <p>Cognitive development in children</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best reflects Bandura's view of individuals with high self-efficacy?

    <p>They generally experience lower stress.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which psychologist's work involved the concept of false memory?

    <p>Loftus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following aspects is linked to social neuroscience?

    <p>The impact of rejection on physical pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What profession did Piaget initially study before delving into psychology?

    <p>Animal behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following scholars is considered a functionalist?

    <p>William James</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one major impact of the Civil War on education in America?

    <p>Faculty and students were engaged in wartime activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which university is associated with John Dewey's contributions to functionalism?

    <p>University of Chicago</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which African American psychologist is known for his work in education and public health?

    <p>Kennet Bancroft Clark</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What historical event negatively impacted university enrollments in 1917?

    <p>World War I enlistment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who among the following was a prominent female psychologist during this period?

    <p>Mary Whiton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant benefit of World War I for the field of psychology?

    <p>It validated psychology as a scientific discipline.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the general attitude towards education during Thorndike and Dewey's time?

    <p>Education faced challenges due to social upheaval.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant concept did Bekkhterev contribute to the field of psychology?

    <p>Reflexology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Pavlov identify as crucial components of classical conditioning?

    <p>Unconditioned stimulus, conditioned stimulus, unconditional response, conditional response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which year did Pavlov receive the Nobel Prize?

    <p>1904</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary focus of Pavlov's experiments with dogs?

    <p>Understanding reflex responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Bekkhterev and Pavlov differ in their views on reflexes?

    <p>Bekkhterev denied the connection between reflexes and behavior, contrary to Pavlov's beliefs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of behavior did Pavlov link to environmental stimuli?

    <p>Cortical level mediation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of Pavlov's most significant findings in his research?

    <p>The process of classical conditioning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Pavlov's educational background contribute to his career?

    <p>He was originally trained in physiology and medicine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major academic development occurred in America at the end of the 19th century?

    <p>Establishment of doctoral programs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Thorndike's early life influence his career in psychology?

    <p>His exposure to various New England towns broadened his worldview.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the 'puzzle box' associated with Thorndike used for?

    <p>To test animals' problem-solving through trial and error</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Thorndike, which law suggests that we learn best when we are prepared and ready to learn?

    <p>Law of Readiness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements best reflects Thorndike's views on learning?

    <p>Learning is influenced by the frequency of stimulus-response associations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of Thorndike's most significant contributions to modern psychology?

    <p>Creating intelligence tests for humans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of American academia's evolution was highlighted at the end of the 19th century?

    <p>A growing trend of studying abroad for scientific education</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which psychological approach did Thorndike's work primarily influence?

    <p>Functionalism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major psychological approach did Watson propose in 1915?

    <p>Behaviorism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following concepts is associated with Edward Tolman?

    <p>Latent learning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Watson's method of studying behavior in his experiments?

    <p>Controlled experiments with rewards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    BF Skinner's approach to behavior emphasized the role of what in learning?

    <p>Punishments and reinforcements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following was a major influence on Skinner's work during his time at Harvard?

    <p>Alfred Whitehead</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of behaviorism did Clark Hull promote?

    <p>Mechanistic behaviorism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes Watson's contributions to psychology?

    <p>Expanded the application of behaviorism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What educational background did Skinner have before becoming a psychologist?

    <p>English and literature</p> Signup and view all the answers

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