Eprocurement und Logistik

Eprocurement

• Eprocurement is a broad topic encompassing procurement processes.

The 7 R's of Logistics

• Richtige Produkt: Ensuring the correct product is procured.
• Richtige Qualität: Guaranteeing the quality standards of the product meet requirements.
• Richtiger Zeitpunkt: Procuring goods at the precise moment they are needed, relating to lead times and demand.
• Richtiger Ort: Correct delivery location for the product.
• Richtige Menge: Obtaining the accurate quantity of goods.
• Richtiger Preis: Obtaining the product at the best possible price while ensuring quality.
• Richtige Informationen: The necessary information about the product and procurement processes must be available.
• Richtige Emissionen (8th R): Considering environmental impacts and emissions in the procurement process.

Reasons for External Procurement

• Lack of technical/economic expertise: When in-house capabilities are insufficient, for example, lacking HTML programming skills.
• Insufficient capacity: Outsourcing tasks like payroll processing that an organization doesn't have the resources for.
• Cost-benefit analysis: Sometimes, outsourcing is more cost-effective, for example outsourcing payroll.
• Specialization: Specializing in a particular area, like a company focusing on producing roll membranes rather than screws.

Operational and Strategic Procurement

• Strategic procurement focuses on medium to long-term effectiveness of procurement. Activities include research, negotiations, and supplier selection.
• Operational procurement involves handling daily procurement activities, like order placement, tracking, and invoice reconciliation.

Procurement Processual Sight

• Strategic procurement involves identifying needs, supply market research, negotiations, contract agreement, and evaluation of offers.
• Operational procurement relates to order placement, tracking and managing, receiving, and paying.

Material Requirements Planning

• Gross requirements: Total product requirements for a planning period, before considering current inventory.
• Net requirements: Total product requirements after deducting current inventory levels.
• Primary requirements: Requirements of finished goods and replacement parts for current sales.
• Secondary requirements: Materials, components for producing primary goods.
• Tertiary requirements: Support materials and equipment.

Procurement Costs

• Direct procurement costs: The immediate price of goods, including variable costs.
• Indirect procurement costs: The associated, fixed costs that support the direct costs, like labor, administrative overhead.
• Inventory costs: The costs associated with storing and managing goods.
• Lost sales: Costs associated with failing to fulfill customer demands, due to stock-outs.

Framework Agreements

• Framework agreements define the details for procurement. Elements include: quantities, quality norms, packaging, delivery schedules, and pricing strategies.

Make-or-Buy Decisions

• Outsourcing: Shifting tasks to external providers. Can be relevant when external suppliers are more efficient.
• Offshoring: Outsourcing to external providers in a different country.

Supplier Selection Criteria

• Product range A supply provider's available items.
• Delivery speed Time needed to meet a request from the supplier.
• Price The price charged per unit.
• Reliability The supplier's history of fulfilling orders.
• Innovation The supplier's willingness and capability to innovate and provide new products or services.

XYZ/LMN Analysis

• XYZ analysis: Categories items based on forecast accuracy.
• LMN analysis: Categories items based on their volume.