86 Questions
Which of the following is NOT a mode of detection commonly used in molecular recognition?
Chemiluminescence
What is the primary advantage of using 32P as a radioisotope for detecting DNA and RNA?
High emission energy
Which radioactive isotope is commonly used to label proteins and nucleic acids?
35S
What are the two modes of detection commonly used to probe for the presence of DNA, RNA, or protein?
Fluorescence and radioactivity
Which of the following radioisotopes has the longest half-life?
C-14
Which of the following organs is most vulnerable to DNA damage from breathing in radioactive material?
Lungs
What is the maximum specific activity of 3H?
28.8 Ci/mmol
Why isn't bacterial DNA digested by restriction enzymes produced by bacteria?
Bacterial DNA is resistant to restriction enzymes
Which technique is used to detect and localize specific RNA targets in cells and tissue samples?
Fluorescence in situ hybridization
What is the purpose of a Northern blot?
To determine whether a specific mRNA is present in different cell types
What is the main difference between Southern blot and Northern blot?
Southern blot detects DNA while Northern blot detects RNA
What is the purpose of DNA-FISH?
To detect and localize specific DNA sequences on chromosomes
Which of the following is true about restriction enzymes?
They protect bacteria from invasion by foreign DNA
Which type of restriction enzyme cuts within its recognition sequences?
Type II
What is the purpose of a Southern blot?
To detect a specific DNA sequence in DNA samples
What is the purpose of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) technique?
To exploit variations in homologous DNA sequences
Which of the following is true about DNA arrays?
DNA molecules are immobilized onto a substrate in the form of spots
What are the two types of light chains in antibodies?
Constant regions and variable regions
Which enzyme cleaves an antibody into three fragments?
Papain
What is the difference between complete antigens and incomplete antigens?
Complete antigens contain multiple epitopes, while incomplete antigens contain a single epitope
Which type of epitope is common in fibrous proteins?
Continuous
Which type of epitope is common in globular proteins and helical structures?
Discontinuous
What enables antibodies to distinguish between antigens that are chemically very similar?
Overall three-dimensional structure
What type of immunoassay is better suited for large analyte molecules?
Non-competitive immunoassay
Which enzyme is commonly linked to the secondary antibody in Western Blot detection?
Horseradish peroxidase (HRP)
What is the preferred method of detection in Western Blot using substrates?
Detection by chemiluminescent substrates
How can the half-life of a protein be determined in a pulse-chase experiment?
By adding a pulse of 35S followed by a chase of cold methionine
What is the equation to calculate the half-life (t1/2) of a protein in a pulse-chase experiment?
t1/2 = ln2 / degradation constant
What does a biosensor consist of?
A bioreceptor with a specific surface and a transducer
What is the equation for a biosensor?
Biosensor = molecular recognition + signal transduction
Which of the following is NOT a mode of detection commonly used in molecular recognition?
Chemiluminescence
What is the maximum specific activity of 32P?
9131 Ci/mmol
What is the purpose of DNA-FISH?
To detect and localize specific RNA targets in cells and tissue samples
Which enzyme cleaves an antibody into three fragments?
Papain
What is the purpose of a Southern blot?
To detect and analyze specific DNA sequences
What are the two types of antibodies?
Polyclonal and Monoclonal
What is the maximum specific activity of 3H?
100 Ci/mmol
Which type of epitope is common in fibrous proteins?
Continuous epitopes
What is the purpose of a Southern blot?
To separate RNA based on size
What is the purpose of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) technique?
To identify genetic variations in DNA sequences
What is the main difference between Southern blot and Northern blot?
Southern blot detects DNA, while Northern blot detects RNA
Which of the following radioisotopes has the shortest half-life?
S-35
Which of the following is NOT a potential effect of radiation sickness?
Increased production of red and white blood cells
What is the maximum theoretical specific activity of 3H?
28.8 Ci/mmol
What is the primary advantage of using 32P as a radioisotope for detecting DNA and RNA?
High energy beta emissions
Which of the following techniques is used to detect and localize specific DNA sequences on chromosomes?
DNA-FISH
What is the purpose of a DNA microarray?
To detect and localize specific RNA targets
What is the main difference between a Southern blot and a Northern blot?
Southern blot detects DNA, while Northern blot detects RNA
What is the purpose of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) technique?
To detect length variations in DNA fragments
Which of the following is true about restriction enzymes?
Restriction enzymes protect bacteria from invasion by foreign DNA
What is the purpose of a Southern blot?
To detect a specific DNA sequence in DNA samples
What is the purpose of DNA ligase in the DNA backbone?
To seal the nicks between the two strands and reform covalent phosphodiester bonds
What is the purpose of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) technique?
To exploit variations in homologous DNA sequences
Which enzyme is commonly linked to the secondary antibody in Western Blot detection?
Horseradish peroxidase (HRP)
What is the equation to calculate the half-life (t1/2) of a protein in a pulse-chase experiment?
t1/2 = ln2 / γ
What is a biosensor?
A device that consists of a bioreceptor and a transducer to detect a target analyte and pass on a signal when recognition occurs
Which of the following is NOT a class of antibodies?
IgB
What is the molecular weight of the light chains in an antibody?
25kDa
Which enzyme cleaves an antibody into two F(ab)2 fragments?
Pepsin
What is the primary function of an antibody?
To identify and neutralize pathogens
Which type of epitope is common in globular proteins and helical structures?
Conformational epitopes
What is the purpose of a Northern blot?
To detect and localize specific RNA targets in cells and tissue samples
What is the maximum specific activity of 32P?
High
What is the purpose of a Southern blot?
To analyze the presence of HIV antibodies
Which technique is used to detect and localize specific RNA targets in cells and tissue samples?
Fluorescence in situ hybridization
What is the purpose of DNA-FISH?
To detect and localize specific DNA sequences on chromosomes
What is the purpose of a Northern blot?
To determine whether a specific mRNA is present in different cell types
What is the purpose of a Southern blot?
To detect and localize specific DNA sequences on chromosomes
Which of the following radioisotopes has the shortest half-life?
S-35
What is the maximum specific activity of 125I?
44 2,176 Ci/mmol
What is the maximum specific activity of 3H?
28.8 Ci/mmol
Which of the following is NOT a safety measure when using radioactivity in the lab?
Handle potentially volatile chemical forms in ventilated enclosures.
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of restriction enzymes?
They cleave methylated DNA
What is the probability of finding a target of 7 bases?
1/4096
Which type of restriction enzyme cuts outside of its recognition sequence?
Type IIs
What is the purpose of a Southern blot?
To detect a specific DNA sequence in DNA samples
Which of the following is NOT a commonly used mode of detection in molecular recognition?
Mass spectrometry
What is the purpose of introducing a radioactive isotope into DNA, RNA, or protein for quantification purposes?
To label the DNA, RNA, or protein for detection purposes
Which of the following radioisotopes is commonly used to detect very small amounts of DNA, RNA, or protein?
35S
What is the maximum specific activity of 32P, a commonly used radioisotope for detecting DNA and RNA?
9131 Ci/mmol
Which of the following is true about the detection of proteins using chemiluminescent substrates in Western Blot?
Chemiluminescent substrates have a higher sensitivity compared to colored precipitates.
What is the equation to calculate the half-life ((t_{1/2})) of a protein in a pulse-chase experiment?
(t_{1/2} = \frac{ln2},{\gamma})
Which of the following is NOT a mode of detection commonly used in molecular recognition?
Absorption of UV and visible light
What is the purpose of a biosensor?
To detect a target analyte and pass on a signal when recognition occurs.
Which of the following is true about a bioreceptor?
A bioreceptor must react specifically with an analyte of interest.
What is the main advantage of using chemiluminescent substrates in Western Blot detection?
Higher sensitivity and wider dynamic range.
Test your knowledge on epitopes and their characteristics in this quiz. Learn about continuous and discontinuous epitopes, their presence in different protein structures, and how antibodies can distinguish between antigens. Explore the importance of three-dimensional structures in epitope recognition.
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