Epitopes and Antibodies
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a mode of detection commonly used in molecular recognition?

  • Chemiluminescence (correct)
  • Fluorescence
  • Absorption
  • Radioactivity

    • What is the primary advantage of using 32P as a radioisotope for detecting DNA and RNA?

  • Low cost
  • Long half-life
  • High emission energy (correct)
  • Easy availability

    • Which radioactive isotope is commonly used to label proteins and nucleic acids?

  • 14C
  • 32P
  • 35S (correct)
  • 3H

    • What are the two modes of detection commonly used to probe for the presence of DNA, RNA, or protein?

    <p>Fluorescence and radioactivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following radioisotopes has the longest half-life?

    <p>C-14</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following organs is most vulnerable to DNA damage from breathing in radioactive material?

    <p>Lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum specific activity of 3H?

    <p>28.8 Ci/mmol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why isn't bacterial DNA digested by restriction enzymes produced by bacteria?

    <p>Bacterial DNA is resistant to restriction enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which technique is used to detect and localize specific RNA targets in cells and tissue samples?

    <p>Fluorescence in situ hybridization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a Northern blot?

    <p>To determine whether a specific mRNA is present in different cell types</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between Southern blot and Northern blot?

    <p>Southern blot detects DNA while Northern blot detects RNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of DNA-FISH?

    <p>To detect and localize specific DNA sequences on chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about restriction enzymes?

    <p>They protect bacteria from invasion by foreign DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of restriction enzyme cuts within its recognition sequences?

    <p>Type II</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a Southern blot?

    <p>To detect a specific DNA sequence in DNA samples</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) technique?

    <p>To exploit variations in homologous DNA sequences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about DNA arrays?

    <p>DNA molecules are immobilized onto a substrate in the form of spots</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two types of light chains in antibodies?

    <p>Constant regions and variable regions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme cleaves an antibody into three fragments?

    <p>Papain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between complete antigens and incomplete antigens?

    <p>Complete antigens contain multiple epitopes, while incomplete antigens contain a single epitope</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of epitope is common in fibrous proteins?

    <p>Continuous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of epitope is common in globular proteins and helical structures?

    <p>Discontinuous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What enables antibodies to distinguish between antigens that are chemically very similar?

    <p>Overall three-dimensional structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of immunoassay is better suited for large analyte molecules?

    <p>Non-competitive immunoassay</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is commonly linked to the secondary antibody in Western Blot detection?

    <p>Horseradish peroxidase (HRP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the preferred method of detection in Western Blot using substrates?

    <p>Detection by chemiluminescent substrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can the half-life of a protein be determined in a pulse-chase experiment?

    <p>By adding a pulse of 35S followed by a chase of cold methionine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the equation to calculate the half-life (t1/2) of a protein in a pulse-chase experiment?

    <p>t1/2 = ln2 / degradation constant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a biosensor consist of?

    <p>A bioreceptor with a specific surface and a transducer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the equation for a biosensor?

    <p>Biosensor = molecular recognition + signal transduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a mode of detection commonly used in molecular recognition?

    <p>Chemiluminescence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum specific activity of 32P?

    <p>9131 Ci/mmol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of DNA-FISH?

    <p>To detect and localize specific RNA targets in cells and tissue samples</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme cleaves an antibody into three fragments?

    <p>Papain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a Southern blot?

    <p>To detect and analyze specific DNA sequences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two types of antibodies?

    <p>Polyclonal and Monoclonal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum specific activity of 3H?

    <p>100 Ci/mmol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of epitope is common in fibrous proteins?

    <p>Continuous epitopes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a Southern blot?

    <p>To separate RNA based on size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) technique?

    <p>To identify genetic variations in DNA sequences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between Southern blot and Northern blot?

    <p>Southern blot detects DNA, while Northern blot detects RNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following radioisotopes has the shortest half-life?

    <p>S-35</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a potential effect of radiation sickness?

    <p>Increased production of red and white blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum theoretical specific activity of 3H?

    <p>28.8 Ci/mmol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of using 32P as a radioisotope for detecting DNA and RNA?

    <p>High energy beta emissions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following techniques is used to detect and localize specific DNA sequences on chromosomes?

    <p>DNA-FISH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a DNA microarray?

    <p>To detect and localize specific RNA targets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between a Southern blot and a Northern blot?

    <p>Southern blot detects DNA, while Northern blot detects RNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) technique?

    <p>To detect length variations in DNA fragments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about restriction enzymes?

    <p>Restriction enzymes protect bacteria from invasion by foreign DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a Southern blot?

    <p>To detect a specific DNA sequence in DNA samples</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of DNA ligase in the DNA backbone?

    <p>To seal the nicks between the two strands and reform covalent phosphodiester bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) technique?

    <p>To exploit variations in homologous DNA sequences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is commonly linked to the secondary antibody in Western Blot detection?

    <p>Horseradish peroxidase (HRP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the equation to calculate the half-life (t1/2) of a protein in a pulse-chase experiment?

    <p>t1/2 = ln2 / γ</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a biosensor?

    <p>A device that consists of a bioreceptor and a transducer to detect a target analyte and pass on a signal when recognition occurs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a class of antibodies?

    <p>IgB</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the molecular weight of the light chains in an antibody?

    <p>25kDa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme cleaves an antibody into two F(ab)2 fragments?

    <p>Pepsin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of an antibody?

    <p>To identify and neutralize pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of epitope is common in globular proteins and helical structures?

    <p>Conformational epitopes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a Northern blot?

    <p>To detect and localize specific RNA targets in cells and tissue samples</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum specific activity of 32P?

    <p>High</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a Southern blot?

    <p>To analyze the presence of HIV antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which technique is used to detect and localize specific RNA targets in cells and tissue samples?

    <p>Fluorescence in situ hybridization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of DNA-FISH?

    <p>To detect and localize specific DNA sequences on chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a Northern blot?

    <p>To determine whether a specific mRNA is present in different cell types</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a Southern blot?

    <p>To detect and localize specific DNA sequences on chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following radioisotopes has the shortest half-life?

    <p>S-35</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum specific activity of 125I?

    <p>44 2,176 Ci/mmol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum specific activity of 3H?

    <p>28.8 Ci/mmol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a safety measure when using radioactivity in the lab?

    <p>Handle potentially volatile chemical forms in ventilated enclosures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of restriction enzymes?

    <p>They cleave methylated DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the probability of finding a target of 7 bases?

    <p>1/4096</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of restriction enzyme cuts outside of its recognition sequence?

    <p>Type IIs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a Southern blot?

    <p>To detect a specific DNA sequence in DNA samples</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a commonly used mode of detection in molecular recognition?

    <p>Mass spectrometry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of introducing a radioactive isotope into DNA, RNA, or protein for quantification purposes?

    <p>To label the DNA, RNA, or protein for detection purposes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following radioisotopes is commonly used to detect very small amounts of DNA, RNA, or protein?

    <p>35S</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum specific activity of 32P, a commonly used radioisotope for detecting DNA and RNA?

    <p>9131 Ci/mmol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the detection of proteins using chemiluminescent substrates in Western Blot?

    <p>Chemiluminescent substrates have a higher sensitivity compared to colored precipitates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the equation to calculate the half-life ((t_{1/2})) of a protein in a pulse-chase experiment?

    <p>(t_{1/2} = \frac{ln2},{\gamma})</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a mode of detection commonly used in molecular recognition?

    <p>Absorption of UV and visible light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a biosensor?

    <p>To detect a target analyte and pass on a signal when recognition occurs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about a bioreceptor?

    <p>A bioreceptor must react specifically with an analyte of interest.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of using chemiluminescent substrates in Western Blot detection?

    <p>Higher sensitivity and wider dynamic range.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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