33 Questions
Which of the following is NOT a major type of tissue in the human body?
Brain Tissue
Which embryonic layers do epithelial tissues derive from?
All of the above
Which of the following is covered by epithelial tissue?
Body surfaces
Which of the following is NOT a function of the basement membrane?
Regulation and signaling
What is the main function of the glomerular filtration barrier in the kidneys?
Filtration
Which type of secretion involves the partial loss of the cell's apical portion?
Apocrine secretion
What is the main difference between exocrine and endocrine glands?
Exocrine glands have a duct system, while endocrine glands lack a duct system
Which of the following is NOT a function of epithelial cells?
Muscle contraction
Which type of epithelium is characterized by multiple layers of cells?
Stratified squamous
What is the function of microvilli on the apical surface of epithelial cells?
Absorption
Which component of the basement membrane is in direct contact with epithelial cells?
Basal lamina
True or false: Epithelial tissue covers body surfaces, cavities, and makes up glands?
True
True or false: Tissues in the human body can be classified into four major types: epithelium, connective tissue, muscle tissue, and nerve tissue?
True
True or false: Epithelial tissues derive from the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm?
True
True or false: Epithelial cells lack a direct blood/lymphatic supply.
True
True or false: Epithelial cells are nourished by the underlying connective tissue.
True
True or false: Microvilli are immotile extensions of the apical plasma membrane.
False
True or false: Motile cilia can actively move to create fluid flow.
True
True or false: Basement membrane is involved in tissue scaffolding during regeneration?
True
True or false: Disruption of basal lamina-cell muscle relationship can lead to muscular dystrophies?
True
True or false: Exocrine glands lack a duct system and their products are secreted into the connective tissue?
False
True or false: Merocrine secretion involves the partial loss of the cell's apical portion?
False
What are the four major types of tissues in the human body?
Epithelium, Connective tissue, Muscle tissue, Nerve tissue
What are the functions of epithelial cells?
Line and cover body surfaces, make up glands
From which embryonic layers do epithelial tissues derive?
Ectoderm, Mesoderm, and Endoderm
What is the function of the basement membrane in the kidneys?
Structural attachment, filtration, compartmentalization, tissue scaffolding during regeneration, regulation and signaling
What is the difference between exocrine and endocrine glands in terms of secretion?
Exocrine glands secrete their products onto the surface directly or through epithelial ducts, while endocrine glands lack a duct system and secrete their products into the connective tissue from where they enter the bloodstream.
What are the three mechanisms of secretion exhibited by exocrine gland cells?
Merocrine/Eccrine secretion, apocrine secretion, and holocrine secretion
How are mucus-secreting gastric cells classified in terms of glandular epithelium?
Unicellular glands
What are the main functions of epithelial cells?
Epithelial cells have several functions, including protection, detection, sensation, absorption, material transport, gas exchange, excretion, and secretion.
What are the different classifications of epithelium based on their structure?
Epithelium can be classified based on the number of cell layers (simple or stratified) and the shape of the cells (squamous, cuboidal, or columnar).
What is the structure and function of the basement membrane?
The basement membrane is composed of a basal lamina and a reticular lamina. It provides structural support to epithelial cells, separates them from connective tissue, and plays a role in tissue regeneration.
Describe the different structures found in the apical domain of epithelial cells.
The apical domain of epithelial cells contains microvilli, stereocilia, and cilia. Microvilli are fingerlike projections involved in absorption, stereocilia are long immotile microvilli found in specific locations, and cilia are hair-like extensions that can be motile or immotile.
Study Notes
Epithelial Tissues
- Epithelial tissues cover body surfaces, cavities, and form glands
- They derive from the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm embryonic layers
Functions of Epithelial Cells
- Protection
- Absorption
- Filtration
- Excretion
- Secretion
- Sensation
Classification of Epithelium
- Based on the number of layers: simple, stratified, and pseudostratified
- Based on cell shape: squamous, cuboidal, columnar
Basement Membrane
- Composed of the basal lamina and reticular lamina
- Functions: support, filtration, and tissue scaffolding
- In direct contact with epithelial cells through the basal surface
Secretion Mechanisms
- Merocrine: cells remain intact
- Apocrine: partial loss of the cell's apical portion
- Holocrine: complete loss of the cell
Exocrine and Endocrine Glands
- Exocrine glands: secretion through ducts onto a surface
- Endocrine glands: secretion directly into the bloodstream
- Examples of exocrine glands: sweat glands, salivary glands
- Examples of endocrine glands: thyroid gland, adrenal gland
Microvilli and Cilia
- Microvilli: immotile extensions of the apical plasma membrane, increasing surface area
- Cilia: motile extensions, creating fluid flow
Additional Facts
- Epithelial cells lack a direct blood/lymphatic supply
- Epithelial cells are nourished by the underlying connective tissue
- Disruption of basal lamina-cell relationship can lead to muscular dystrophies
- The basement membrane is involved in tissue scaffolding during regeneration
Test your knowledge of epithelium and glands with this quiz by Dr. Despina Moissidou, Histology Lead at QMUL Malta. Learn about the histological features of different epithelial tissue types, their function, structural characteristics, and cellular specializations. Identify examples of body sites where each type of epithelium is located, and understand the structure and role of cells.
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