Epithelial Tissue Quiz

Study Notes

Composed of one or more layers of tightly packed cells
Contains little to no extracellular matrix between cells
Locations: covers body surfaces, lines body and organ cavities, forms most glands
Inside the body - lining
Outside the body - covering
Characteristics: avascular (no blood vessels); reproduces readily (high rate of mitosis)
Shapes:
- Squamous (flat, thin)
- Cuboidal (cube-shaped)
- Columnar (tall, column-shaped)

Simple: single layer of cells; all cells contact the basement membrane
Pseudostratified: appears to have multiple layers but only has one; all cells contact the basement membrane
Stratified: two or more cell layers; only basal layer contacts the basement membrane

Secrete mucous
Glands may be exocrine or endocrine
Exocrine: secrete into a duct to take the secretion away from the gland; examples: salivary glands, sweat glands
Endocrine: produces & secretes hormones into the circulatory system; examples: thyroid, adrenal, pituitary

Secretion: glands secrete enzymes, hormones, and lubricating fluids
Absorption: in the small intestine, capable of absorbing nutrients from digested food
Protection: covers body structures to protect against mechanical, chemical, biological, and dehydration damage
Sensation: contains sensory nerve endings located in the skin, eyes, nose, and tongue
Transportation: diffusion, excretion, lubrication, cleaning

Connective tissue proper: loose connective tissue (areolar, adipose, reticular), dense connective tissue (dense regular, dense irregular, elastic)
Supportive connective tissue: cartilage (hyaline, fibrocartilage, elastic), bone
Fluid connective tissue: blood, lymph

Connect, support, and transport by binding structures together; provides support
Provides support
Filling spaces
Transporting nutrients, wastes, and gases
Storing energy in the form of fat
Producing blood cells
Helping repair tissue damage

Osteoblasts: produce new bone tissue
Osteocytes: provide nutrients for formed bone
Fibroblasts: secrete fibres and ground substance (matrix) in connective tissue
Macrophages: engulf and destroy foreign material
Plasma cells: cells of the immune system
Mast cells: produce histamine, causing blood vessels to dilate

Cells = myocytes
Contract and move body
Types:
- Skeletal: movement, protection, heat production, posture
- Smooth: movement of internal substances (food, urine, baby, blood, air)
- Cardiac: pumps blood through heart and all blood vessels

Neuron: regulates the functioning of the neuron; carries impulses to cell body
Synapse: small space between axon and dendrite of adjacent neurons
Locations: brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves

Four main membranes:
- Serous: secrete a watery substance; double layered; parietal (lines cavity) and visceral (covers organs) membranes; examples: parietal/visceral pleura, parietal/visceral pericardium
- Mucous: lines cavities that open to the outside; secrete thick, slippery mucous; examples: urinary, digestive, respiratory systems
- Cutaneous: skin; covers entire outside of the body
- Synovial: lines cavities of free-moving joints; synovial fluid = lubricant

7 Main Functions: protective covering, regulates body temperature, slows water loss, contains sensory receptors, synthesizes chemicals, excretes small amounts of waste, synthesizes vitamin D
Structure:
- Epidermis
- Dermis
- Hypodermis
Accessories: hair follicles, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, nails

Eccrine glands: widespread; located on hands, feet, and forehead; secrete sweat to regulate temperature; blood vessels dilate
Apocrine glands: located in the armpits and groin; secrete a thicker sweat; have a strong odour.