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Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT a function of epithelial tissue?
Which of the following is NOT a function of epithelial tissue?
Epithelial tissue has a significant blood supply.
Epithelial tissue has a significant blood supply.
False
Name one characteristic that helps epithelial cells fit closely together.
Name one characteristic that helps epithelial cells fit closely together.
Specialized junctions
The layer of connective tissue to which epithelium is attached is called the __________.
The layer of connective tissue to which epithelium is attached is called the __________.
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Match the classification of epithelial tissue with its description:
Match the classification of epithelial tissue with its description:
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Which type of epithelial tissue is specialized for absorption?
Which type of epithelial tissue is specialized for absorption?
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Regeneration is a characteristic of epithelial tissue.
Regeneration is a characteristic of epithelial tissue.
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What are myoepithelial cells specialized for?
What are myoepithelial cells specialized for?
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What type of epithelium consists of a single layer of cells that is specialized for absorption and filtration?
What type of epithelium consists of a single layer of cells that is specialized for absorption and filtration?
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Transitional epithelium is characterized by cells that can slide over one another and allow stretching.
Transitional epithelium is characterized by cells that can slide over one another and allow stretching.
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Name one type of simple epithelium and its primary function.
Name one type of simple epithelium and its primary function.
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What is a main function of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium?
What is a main function of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium?
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Stratified epithelia are named according to the cell shape of the __________ layer(s).
Stratified epithelia are named according to the cell shape of the __________ layer(s).
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Match the following types of simple epithelium with their characteristics:
Match the following types of simple epithelium with their characteristics:
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Stratified cuboidal epithelium is commonly found in the lining of the urinary bladder.
Stratified cuboidal epithelium is commonly found in the lining of the urinary bladder.
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Which of the following epithelia is primarily found in areas subject to abrasion?
Which of the following epithelia is primarily found in areas subject to abrasion?
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What is the primary characteristic that defines pseudostratified columnar epithelium?
What is the primary characteristic that defines pseudostratified columnar epithelium?
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Stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium is found lining the ________.
Stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium is found lining the ________.
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Simple columnar epithelium typically lacks junctional complexes at their apical ends.
Simple columnar epithelium typically lacks junctional complexes at their apical ends.
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Match the types of epithelial tissue with their functions:
Match the types of epithelial tissue with their functions:
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What role does the basement membrane play in epithelial tissue?
What role does the basement membrane play in epithelial tissue?
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Which type of epithelium is characterized by umbrella cells?
Which type of epithelium is characterized by umbrella cells?
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Stratified columnar epithelium is commonly found throughout the body.
Stratified columnar epithelium is commonly found throughout the body.
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The ________ membrane serves as a foundation for epithelial tissues and provides support.
The ________ membrane serves as a foundation for epithelial tissues and provides support.
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Study Notes
Epithelial Tissue: Classification, Structural Features, Specializations, and Function
- Epithelial tissues are made up of closely packed, polyhedral cells with minimal extracellular material.
- These cells are strongly bonded together, forming sheets lining surfaces and cavities of the body.
- Epithelial tissues perform various functions including:
- Covering and protecting surfaces (e.g., skin)
- Absorption (e.g., intestines)
- Secretion (e.g., glands)
- Contractility (e.g., myoepithelial cells)
- Filtration
- Sensory reception (e.g., taste buds, olfactory epithelium)
Characteristics of Epithelium
- Polarity: Epithelial cells have an apical (free) surface and a basal (attached) surface.
- Cellular nature: Cells fit tightly together, sometimes layered, held together by specialized junctions.
- Supported by connective tissue: Attached to a basement membrane, an adhesive layer secreted by epithelial and connective tissue cells.
- Avascular: Epithelial tissue lacks its own blood supply.
- Regeneration: Epithelial cells regenerate if properly nourished.
Classification of Epithelium
- By cell shape:
- Squamous: Flat and scale-like
- Cuboidal: As tall as they are wide
- Columnar: Taller than they are wide
- Pseudostratified columnar: Appears layered due to varying heights of nuclei, but is a single layer.
- Transitional: Cells are rounded and can slide past each other to allow for stretching.
- By cell arrangement:
- Simple: Single layer of cells (e.g., absorption, filtration)
- Stratified: Multiple layers of cells (e.g., protection from abrasion). Named by the shape of the outermost cell layer (e.g., stratified squamous epithelium).
- By function:
- Covering/surface epithelia: Layers of cells covering internal or external surfaces (e.g., skin, lining of intestines).
- Glands: Structures derived from epithelium that secrete fluids.
Simple Epithelia
- Based on cell shape:
- Squamous: Thin cells
- Cuboidal: Roughly as thick as they are wide
- Columnar: Taller than they are wide
Stratified Epithelia
- Classified by the shape of the outer layer cells:
- Squamous: Outer layer is squamous. Can be keratinized (like skin) or non-keratinized (like the mouth).
- Cuboidal
- Columnar
- Transitional
Glandular Epithelia
- Formed by cells specialized for secretion of small membrane-bound vesicles called secretory granules; these cells form glands.
- Unicellular glands: Consist of isolated secretory cells
- Multicellular glands: Consist of clusters of secretory cells
Types of Glands
- Exocrine glands: Retain connection to the surface epithelium, secreting via ducts.
- Endocrine glands: Lost connection to the surface epithelium; secrete hormones into the interstitial fluid that travel to target cells in the body via bloodstream.
Exocrine Glands Structure
- Composed of secretory portions and ducts.
- Duct types: Simple (unbranched) or compound (branched).
- Secretory portion types: Tubular or acinar.
Mode of Secretion in Exocrine Glands
- Merocrine: Secretion through exocytosis (common)
- Holocrine: Cells fill with secretions, then rupture and release their contents.
- Apocrine: Portion of the cell pinches off containing secretions.
Types of Secretion
- Serous: Secrete watery fluids containing proteins or glycoproteins (e.g., enzymes)
- Mucous: Secrete mucous which contains glycoproteins and are viscous and protective.
Endocrine Glands
- Produce hormones.
- Hormones released into the interstitial fluid for transport throughout the body via bloodstream.
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Description
Explore the classification, structural features, and functions of epithelial tissues in this quiz. Learn about their roles in covering surfaces, absorption, secretion, and more. Understand the unique characteristics that define epithelial cells and their importance in the body.
