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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of simple cuboidal epithelium?
What is the primary function of simple cuboidal epithelium?
- Transport of materials
- Sensation and perception
- Protection against mechanical stress
- Secretion and absorption (correct)
What role does enactin/nidogen play in the structure of epithelial tissues?
What role does enactin/nidogen play in the structure of epithelial tissues?
- It aids in nutrient absorption
- It holds laminin and type IV collagen together (correct)
- It promotes cell division
- It provides tensile strength to the cells
Which characteristic is NOT true of epithelial tissues?
Which characteristic is NOT true of epithelial tissues?
- Cells are arranged in layers or sheets
- Cells are highly vascularized (correct)
- Cells are closely adherent to each other
- Cells rest on the basal lamina
Which is an example of simple columnar ciliated epithelium?
Which is an example of simple columnar ciliated epithelium?
What happens when epithelial cells undergo metaplasia due to prolonged irritation?
What happens when epithelial cells undergo metaplasia due to prolonged irritation?
Which of the following is a function of epithelial tissues?
Which of the following is a function of epithelial tissues?
What characteristic of epithelial cells allows for nutrient absorption?
What characteristic of epithelial cells allows for nutrient absorption?
Which of the following best describes the arrangement of simple columnar epithelium?
Which of the following best describes the arrangement of simple columnar epithelium?
Which type of epithelium consists of several layers with the uppermost layer being formed of living cells?
Which type of epithelium consists of several layers with the uppermost layer being formed of living cells?
What type of glands pour their secretions through a duct system?
What type of glands pour their secretions through a duct system?
What is a key characteristic of stratified squamous keratinized epithelium?
What is a key characteristic of stratified squamous keratinized epithelium?
Which of the following is an example of stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium?
Which of the following is an example of stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium?
Which cell type is a common example of a unicellular gland?
Which cell type is a common example of a unicellular gland?
What type of secretion is characteristic of endocrine glands?
What type of secretion is characteristic of endocrine glands?
How can stratified squamous epithelium be subdivided?
How can stratified squamous epithelium be subdivided?
Which of the following is NOT a type of gland based on the number of cells?
Which of the following is NOT a type of gland based on the number of cells?
Which type of gland produces a thin, watery secretion?
Which type of gland produces a thin, watery secretion?
What type of secretion is primarily produced by goblet cells?
What type of secretion is primarily produced by goblet cells?
Which gland is predominantly serous?
Which gland is predominantly serous?
If a gland is classified as simple tubular, which of the following is an example?
If a gland is classified as simple tubular, which of the following is an example?
Which type of gland is characterized by having secretory products exit via exocytosis without losing cytoplasm?
Which type of gland is characterized by having secretory products exit via exocytosis without losing cytoplasm?
What type of gland is the mammary gland classified as?
What type of gland is the mammary gland classified as?
Which type of gland is primarily responsible for producing gametes?
Which type of gland is primarily responsible for producing gametes?
Which of the following is an example of a compound tubulo-acinar gland?
Which of the following is an example of a compound tubulo-acinar gland?
What type of cell secretion involves the complete destruction of the cell?
What type of cell secretion involves the complete destruction of the cell?
Which of the following is true about zonula occludens?
Which of the following is true about zonula occludens?
Which cell adhesion molecule is critical for maintaining cell cohesion?
Which cell adhesion molecule is critical for maintaining cell cohesion?
What is a characteristic of apocrine glands?
What is a characteristic of apocrine glands?
How do cadherins contribute to cell adhesion?
How do cadherins contribute to cell adhesion?
What component is found in the basal lamina?
What component is found in the basal lamina?
Which type of gland releases secretory products via exocytosis with cell membrane retained?
Which type of gland releases secretory products via exocytosis with cell membrane retained?
What is the function of claudin in junctional complexes?
What is the function of claudin in junctional complexes?
What is the primary function of connexons in cell communication?
What is the primary function of connexons in cell communication?
Which structural feature is characteristic of motile cilia?
Which structural feature is characteristic of motile cilia?
Which protein acts as an anchoring component binding cytoplasmic side of cell membranes to intermediate filaments?
Which protein acts as an anchoring component binding cytoplasmic side of cell membranes to intermediate filaments?
In which type of epithelium are hemidesmosomes primarily found?
In which type of epithelium are hemidesmosomes primarily found?
What role do kinesin and dynein play in cellular function?
What role do kinesin and dynein play in cellular function?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of gap junctions?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of gap junctions?
What is the main purpose of plakoglobin in cellular structures?
What is the main purpose of plakoglobin in cellular structures?
Which type of tissue would you find abundant motile cilia?
Which type of tissue would you find abundant motile cilia?
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Study Notes
Simple Cuboidal Epithelium
- Composed of a single layer of cuboidal cells.
- Laminin: Glycoproteins forming a network beneath cells for secretion and absorption.
- Enactin/nidogen and perlecan hold laminin and type IV collagen together.
- Examples include thyroid follicles, germinal epithelium of ovaries, and distal convoluted tubules of kidneys.
- Associated with reticular fibers forming the reticular lamina.
Characteristics of Epithelial Tissues
- Cells tightly adhere to one another, arranged in layers or sheets.
- Avascular; receive nutrients only through diffusion.
- Rest on a basal lamina, continuously renewed and replaced.
- Can undergo metaplasia due to prolonged irritation, transforming into a more suitable type for resistance.
Simple Columnar Epithelium
- Consists of a single layer of columnar cells aiding in absorption.
- Examples include cells lining the gastrointestinal tract and the gallbladder.
Simple Columnar Ciliated Epithelium
- Features a single layer of columnar cells equipped with cilia.
- Functions to facilitate movement of substances.
- Examples include the uterus and fallopian tube.
Stratified Squamous Epithelium
- Comprised of several layers, with the uppermost layer being flattened or squamous.
- Subdivided into:
- Non-keratinized: Living cells in the upper layer (e.g., esophagus, vagina).
- Keratinized: Upper layer consists of dead cells (e.g., epidermis, hard palate).
Glandular Epithelium
- Classification based on the number of cells, type of secretion, structure, and mode:
- Unicellular: Formed by a single cell (e.g., goblet cell).
- Multicellular: Composed of multiple cells, can be exocrine (uses ducts) or endocrine (secretes directly into the blood).
Types of Secretion
- Serous: Thin and watery (e.g., parotid glands).
- Mucous: Thick and viscous (e.g., goblet cells).
- Muco-serous: Mixed secretions (e.g., submandibular glands).
Structure of Multicellular Glands
- Tubular: Simple tubular, coiled tubular, branched tubular, compound tubular.
- Alveolar: Simple, branched, and compound types.
- Tubulo-acinar: Mixed, such as salivary glands.
Modes of Secretion
- Merocrine: Secretion without loss of cytoplasm (e.g., eccrine sweat glands).
- Apocrine: Secretion with partial loss of cytoplasm (e.g., mammary glands).
- Holocrine: Total cell loss with secretion (e.g., sebaceous glands).
Junctional Complexes and Cell Cohesion
- Zonula occludens: Tight junctions that create a barrier between epithelial layers.
- Connections through cell adhesion molecules such as cadherins.
- Nexus: Gap junctions allowing communication between adjacent cells via connexons.
Hemidesmosomes
- Specialized structures anchoring basal cells to the basal lamina.
- Important in stratified epithelium for resistance to mechanical stress.
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