Epithelial Cell 1

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is not one of the four basic tissues of the body?

Muscular tissue

Nervous tissue

Connective tissue

Epithelium (correct)

Where are the modifications of the apical, basal, and lateral surfaces of epithelial cells located?

Within the nucleus of the epithelial cells

In the cytoplasm of the epithelial cells

In the extracellular matrix surrounding the epithelial cells

On the surfaces of the epithelial cells (correct)

What type of tissue is epithelium in terms of vascularity?

Highly vascular

Moderately vascular

Avascular (correct)

Variable vascularity

How many types of basic tissues are there in the body?

Four Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of epithelial tissue mentioned in the text?

Protective Signup and view all the answers

Where do epithelial cells attach to and communicate with each other?

Via different types of cell-to-cell junctions Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of the lecture on epithelium?

Various general and specific characteristic features of epithelia Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of adherens junctions?

Linking the cytoplasmic domain of cadherin to actin filaments Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic morphology of fascia adherens?

Sheet-like structure found in cardiac muscle Signup and view all the answers

What happens when calcium is removed from adherens junctions?

The junction is disrupted Signup and view all the answers

Where are macula adherens (desmosomes) typically found?

In simple cuboidal or simple columnar epithelium Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of gap junctions?

Allow exchange of ions, regulatory molecules, and small metabolites Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of hemidesmosomes' intracellular attachment plaque?

Plectin and BP 230 proteins Signup and view all the answers

What do focal adhesions link to extracellular matrix proteins?

Integrins Signup and view all the answers

Where are focal adhesions found?

Linking actin filaments to extracellular matrix proteins Signup and view all the answers

Which transmembrane proteins form gap junctions?

Connexin proteins Signup and view all the answers

Which type of epithelium appears stratified but is actually a simple epithelium?

Pseudostratified epithelium Signup and view all the answers

What is the acellular structure that attaches epithelial cells to underlying connective tissue called?

Basal lamina Signup and view all the answers

Which type of epithelium serves as a barrier and can be keratinized or non-keratinized?

Stratified squamous epithelium Signup and view all the answers

What determines the distinct surface domains of epithelium: apical, lateral, and basal?

Specific membrane proteins Signup and view all the answers

Which type of epithelium accommodates distension and serves as a barrier?

Transitional epithelium Signup and view all the answers

Which type of epithelium is mainly comprised of packed cells with specific shape and arrangement correlating with their function?

Stratified squamous epithelium Signup and view all the answers

Which type of epithelium is classified based on cell arrangement (simple or stratified) and cell shape (squamous, cuboidal, or columnar)?

Simple squamous epithelium Signup and view all the answers

What are the components of the basal lamina?

Laminins, collagens, entactin/nidogen, proteoglycans Signup and view all the answers

Which stain can be used to demonstrate the presence of basal lamina?

Periodic acid-Schiff stain (PAS) and silver salts Signup and view all the answers

What are the two layers of the basal lamina?

Lamina densa and lamina lucida Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the basal lamina?

Structural attachment, compartmentalization, filtration Signup and view all the answers

Where is the external lamina found?

On the external surface of nonepithelial cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the main structural component of microvilli and what is their function?

Actin microfilaments, increase in free surface area Signup and view all the answers

Which cell structure is responsible for controlling free molecular movement and preventing diffusion of membrane proteins?

Zonula occludens (tight junction) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Basal Lamina and Cell Surface Modifications in Epithelial Cells

Basal lamina components are synthesized and secreted by epithelial cells
Basal lamina can be demonstrated with Periodic acid-Schiff stain (PAS) and silver salts
Basal lamina has two layers: lamina densa and lamina lucida
Basal lamina functions include structural attachment, compartmentalization, and filtration
Basal lamina is composed of laminins, collagens (mainly type IV), entactin/nidogen, and proteoglycans
External lamina is found on the external surface of nonepithelial cells
Surface specializations of epithelial cells include microvilli, stereocilia, cilia, and lateral and basal cell surface folds and processes
Microvilli provide enormous increase in free surface area and contain actin microfilaments
Stereocilia are immotile processes supported by actin filaments and found in the epididymis
Lateral folds increase the lateral surface of cells and are prominent in cells that transport fluid rapidly
Junctional complex in cell-to-cell adhesion includes zonula occludens, zonula adherens, macula adherens, and gap junctions
Zonula occludens (tight junction) controls free molecular movement and prevents diffusion of membrane proteins

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Description

Test your knowledge of epithelial cell structures with this quiz on basal lamina components, surface modifications, and junctional complexes. Learn about the composition and functions of the basal lamina, as well as the various surface specializations of epithelial cells, including microvilli, stereocilia, cilia, and lateral and basal cell surface folds and processes.