Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the term in Indian philosophy that corresponds to the principle of investigation supported by proof?
What is the term in Indian philosophy that corresponds to the principle of investigation supported by proof?
- Pramana
- Vichara (correct)
- Karma
- Dharma
Which aspect is emphasized in the approach of the Vedanta school towards understanding Brahman?
Which aspect is emphasized in the approach of the Vedanta school towards understanding Brahman?
- Adherence to dogma without questioning
- Acceptance of tradition as absolute truth
- Dependence on rituals for understanding
- Encouragement to investigate and inquire (correct)
What do all six āstika schools of Indian philosophy share in their approach to knowledge?
What do all six āstika schools of Indian philosophy share in their approach to knowledge?
- Incorporation of personal beliefs over evidence
- Reliance on rigorous investigation and pramānas (correct)
- Focus on supernatural explanations without inquiry
- Rejection of the Vedas as a source of truth
What is indicated by the term 'atha yoga-anushāsanam' in the Yoga Sutras of Patanjali?
What is indicated by the term 'atha yoga-anushāsanam' in the Yoga Sutras of Patanjali?
How does the second shop’s approach to selling gold relate to the concept of investigation in philosophical traditions?
How does the second shop’s approach to selling gold relate to the concept of investigation in philosophical traditions?
Which pramāna is most emphasized in the Poorva-Meemamsa and Vedanta schools?
Which pramāna is most emphasized in the Poorva-Meemamsa and Vedanta schools?
What is the primary means of knowledge acquisition in the Sankhya and Yoga schools?
What is the primary means of knowledge acquisition in the Sankhya and Yoga schools?
Which of the following schools utilizes the most pramanas?
Which of the following schools utilizes the most pramanas?
In which pramana is knowledge gained through reasoning and observations to reach new conclusions?
In which pramana is knowledge gained through reasoning and observations to reach new conclusions?
Which school is known for emphasizing Comparison as a valid means of gaining knowledge?
Which school is known for emphasizing Comparison as a valid means of gaining knowledge?
Which method of gaining knowledge does NOT get classified as a pramana in the aforementioned schools?
Which method of gaining knowledge does NOT get classified as a pramana in the aforementioned schools?
What common aspect do Sankhya and Yoga share regarding their pramanas?
What common aspect do Sankhya and Yoga share regarding their pramanas?
Which of the following correctly identifies a pramana and its respective definition?
Which of the following correctly identifies a pramana and its respective definition?
What is the main method emphasized by Mimamsa for acquiring knowledge?
What is the main method emphasized by Mimamsa for acquiring knowledge?
Which philosophical concept involves determining a cause by observing only its effect?
Which philosophical concept involves determining a cause by observing only its effect?
How is the concept of abhava viewed in Indian philosophy?
How is the concept of abhava viewed in Indian philosophy?
In the context of the dialogue between Sri Krishna and Arjuna, what aspect does it illustrate about Indian philosophical tradition?
In the context of the dialogue between Sri Krishna and Arjuna, what aspect does it illustrate about Indian philosophical tradition?
What does 'anumāna' specifically entail in philosophical inquiry?
What does 'anumāna' specifically entail in philosophical inquiry?
Which key step is not part of Mimamsa's methodology of investigation?
Which key step is not part of Mimamsa's methodology of investigation?
Why are the Vedas considered universally valid within Indian philosophy?
Why are the Vedas considered universally valid within Indian philosophy?
What does the concept of right knowledge emphasize in Indian philosophy?
What does the concept of right knowledge emphasize in Indian philosophy?
What is implied by the philosophical term 'pramāṇa'?
What is implied by the philosophical term 'pramāṇa'?
Flashcards
Open Investigation
Open Investigation
Encouraging examination and scrutiny of ideas, doctrines or practices; inviting investigation instead of imposing beliefs.
Rigorous System
Rigorous System
A well-established and thoroughly tested process for investigation, ensuring validity of outcomes.
Pramānena vastuparikshanam vicharah
Pramānena vastuparikshanam vicharah
Investigation of facts supported by evidence in Indian philosophy.
Vichara
Vichara
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Athāto brahma jijñāsā
Athāto brahma jijñāsā
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Pramānas
Pramānas
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Anushāsanam
Anushāsanam
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Āstika schools
Āstika schools
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Arthāpatti
Arthāpatti
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Anumāna
Anumāna
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Abhava
Abhava
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Mīmāṃsā method
Mīmāṃsā method
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Vedas validity
Vedas validity
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Pramāṇa
Pramāṇa
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Pratyaksha (Perception)
Pratyaksha (Perception)
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Anumana (Inference)
Anumana (Inference)
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Pramānas
Pramānas
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Sankhya
Sankhya
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Yoga
Yoga
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Nyaya
Nyaya
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Vaisheshika
Vaisheshika
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Poorva-Mimamsa
Poorva-Mimamsa
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Vedanta
Vedanta
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Study Notes
Indian Philosophy's Approach to Knowledge
- Pramāṇa is the term that corresponds to the principle of investigation supported by proof in Indian philosophy. It refers to the valid means of acquiring knowledge.
The Vedanta School and Brahman
- The Vedanta school emphasizes direct experience (anubhava) in understanding Brahman, the ultimate reality.
The Six āstika Schools
- All six āstika schools of Indian philosophy share a common approach to knowledge, known as epistemology. They believe knowledge is derived from reliable sources and should be consistent with reason and experience.
The Yoga Sutras
- 'atha yoga-anushāsanam' in the Yoga Sutras signifies the beginning of the instruction on yoga, marking the start of the exposition on the path to liberation.
Investigation and the Second Shop
- The second shop's approach to selling gold relates to the concept of investigation by emphasizing the importance of verifying the gold's authenticity and examining its properties before purchasing it.
Emphasis on Pramāṇa
- Anumāna (inference) is the pramāna most emphasized in both the Poorva-Meemamsa and Vedanta schools.
Sankhya and Yoga
- Pratyaksha (direct perception) and anumāna (inference) are the primary means of knowledge acquisition in Sankhya and Yoga.
Schools and Pramanas
- Purva-Mimamsa utilizes the most pramanas, including pratyakṣa, anumāna, upamāna, śabda, and arthapatti to attain knowledge.
Anumana: Inference and Knowledge
- Anumāna is the pramāna where knowledge is gained through reasoning and observations to reach new conclusions.
Emphasis on Comparison
- Nyaya school emphasizes upamāna (comparison) as a valid means of gaining knowledge.
Unclassified Pramāṇa
- Arthapatti (presumption) is not classified as a pramāṇa by the aforementioned schools.
Shared Pramāṇas
- Sankhya and Yoga share a common emphasis on the pratyakṣa (direct perception) and anumāna (inference) as valid means of knowledge acquisition.
Pramāṇa and Definition
- Pratyakṣa (direct perception) refers to knowledge gained through direct sensory experience.
Mimamsa's Knowledge Acquisition
- Mimamsa emphasizes verbal testimony (śabda) as its main method for acquiring knowledge.
Determining Cause from Effect
- Anumāna (inference) involves determining a cause by observing only its effect.
Abhava in Indian Philosophy
- Abhava (non-existence) is viewed in Indian philosophy as a real entity, representing the absence of something.
Philosophical Dialogue
- The dialogue between Sri Krishna and Arjuna illustrates the importance of debate and the pursuit of truth in Indian philosophical tradition.
Anumāna and Philosophical Inquiry
- Anumāna specifically entails using reasoning and logic to draw conclusions based on available evidence and observations.
Mimamsa Methodology
- Mimamsa's methodology does not include direct experience (pratyakṣa) as a valid means of gaining knowledge.
Vedas in Indian Philosophy
- The Vedas are considered universally valid within Indian philosophy because they are believed to be the source of eternal truth that transcends time and space.
Right Knowledge
- Right knowledge in Indian philosophy emphasizes understanding reality through various means of knowledge acquisition and its impact on liberation.
Pramāṇa Defined
- The philosophical term 'pramāṇa' refers to any reliable and valid means of acquiring knowledge which should be based on reason and experience.
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