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Questions and Answers
The age of onset of seizures determines the child's response to epilepsy.
The age of onset of seizures determines the child's response to epilepsy.
True
Temporal lobe epilepsy is associated with physical disorders.
Temporal lobe epilepsy is associated with physical disorders.
False
Life events can only provoke a disorder and not protect against it.
Life events can only provoke a disorder and not protect against it.
False
Maternal deprivation is considered an important factor in juvenile delinquency according to Bowlby's research.
Maternal deprivation is considered an important factor in juvenile delinquency according to Bowlby's research.
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Internal models of relationships are formed solely in adulthood.
Internal models of relationships are formed solely in adulthood.
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Children with conduct disorder are likely to experience fewer negative life events.
Children with conduct disorder are likely to experience fewer negative life events.
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The Strange Situation Procedure is used to evaluate attachment in infants.
The Strange Situation Procedure is used to evaluate attachment in infants.
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Family problems and the death of a parent are considered benign life events.
Family problems and the death of a parent are considered benign life events.
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The influence of brain injury and epilepsy on psychopathology was reviewed by Heyman et al. in 2015.
The influence of brain injury and epilepsy on psychopathology was reviewed by Heyman et al. in 2015.
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Insecure attachments are associated with positive developmental outcomes.
Insecure attachments are associated with positive developmental outcomes.
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Boys are more likely to be physically aggressive, while girls are more likely to exhibit physical aggression.
Boys are more likely to be physically aggressive, while girls are more likely to exhibit physical aggression.
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Children who were bullied at the age of 5 are at a higher risk of developing emotional problems later in life.
Children who were bullied at the age of 5 are at a higher risk of developing emotional problems later in life.
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Cyberbullying has no connection to traditional in-person bullying.
Cyberbullying has no connection to traditional in-person bullying.
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Victims of bullying are only at risk of physical harm and do not face internal consequences.
Victims of bullying are only at risk of physical harm and do not face internal consequences.
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Poor relationships with teachers can predict the onset of mental health issues in children.
Poor relationships with teachers can predict the onset of mental health issues in children.
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The bullying behavior always has an equal power dynamic between the bully and the victim.
The bullying behavior always has an equal power dynamic between the bully and the victim.
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Environmental factors contribute significantly to the association between psychiatric problems in children and their parents.
Environmental factors contribute significantly to the association between psychiatric problems in children and their parents.
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Children diagnosed with ASD demonstrate a heritability of approximately 60%.
Children diagnosed with ASD demonstrate a heritability of approximately 60%.
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Children characterized as 'easy children' respond to new environmental stimuli with withdrawal.
Children characterized as 'easy children' respond to new environmental stimuli with withdrawal.
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Difficulties with self-control in children are associated with higher rates of anxiety disorders.
Difficulties with self-control in children are associated with higher rates of anxiety disorders.
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Traumatic brain injuries are among the most significant risk factors for psychological problems in childhood.
Traumatic brain injuries are among the most significant risk factors for psychological problems in childhood.
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The original Isle of Wight study indicated that healthy children are at a high risk for developing psychological problems.
The original Isle of Wight study indicated that healthy children are at a high risk for developing psychological problems.
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Temperamental factors detected early in a child's life can predict later psychiatric disorders.
Temperamental factors detected early in a child's life can predict later psychiatric disorders.
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Behavioural inhibition has been linked with the later development of disruptive behaviour problems.
Behavioural inhibition has been linked with the later development of disruptive behaviour problems.
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Genetic studies in child psychiatry are briefly summarized at the beginning of the chapter.
Genetic studies in child psychiatry are briefly summarized at the beginning of the chapter.
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The heritability of hyperactivity disorders is estimated to be around 40%.
The heritability of hyperactivity disorders is estimated to be around 40%.
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The quality of care during separation has no impact on infants' mental health.
The quality of care during separation has no impact on infants' mental health.
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Reactive attachment disorder (RAD) can occur in children who have experienced adverse caregiving.
Reactive attachment disorder (RAD) can occur in children who have experienced adverse caregiving.
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Paternal criminality is considered a protective factor against childhood psychiatric disorders.
Paternal criminality is considered a protective factor against childhood psychiatric disorders.
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Exposure to a considerable amount of alternative care is associated with lower levels of behavioral problems in children.
Exposure to a considerable amount of alternative care is associated with lower levels of behavioral problems in children.
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Children of parents with mental health disorders face a markedly decreased risk of behavior problems.
Children of parents with mental health disorders face a markedly decreased risk of behavior problems.
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Good parenting and strong family ties are examples of protective factors for child mental health.
Good parenting and strong family ties are examples of protective factors for child mental health.
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The age of a child at the time of separation has no influence on the effects of that separation.
The age of a child at the time of separation has no influence on the effects of that separation.
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The impact of parental mental health problems is unaffected by socioeconomic status.
The impact of parental mental health problems is unaffected by socioeconomic status.
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Antenatal depression is associated with later disturbances in childhood.
Antenatal depression is associated with later disturbances in childhood.
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Sexual abuse is not considered a significant risk factor for psychiatric disturbance in children.
Sexual abuse is not considered a significant risk factor for psychiatric disturbance in children.
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Children of divorced parents experience more psychological problems than those whose parents are not divorced.
Children of divorced parents experience more psychological problems than those whose parents are not divorced.
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The negative effects of parental divorce are most severe 2 years after the divorce.
The negative effects of parental divorce are most severe 2 years after the divorce.
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Children under 4-5 years old fully understand the concept of death.
Children under 4-5 years old fully understand the concept of death.
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Parental death is linked to negative outcomes in children, independent of the child's age.
Parental death is linked to negative outcomes in children, independent of the child's age.
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Social factors start to directly impact children as they grow older.
Social factors start to directly impact children as they grow older.
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Rates of psychiatric disorders in children are uniformly distributed across all neighborhoods.
Rates of psychiatric disorders in children are uniformly distributed across all neighborhoods.
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Students are more likely to develop psychiatric issues in schools with supportive teacher-pupil relationships.
Students are more likely to develop psychiatric issues in schools with supportive teacher-pupil relationships.
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Factors like the size of the school and the age of its buildings significantly affect rates of psychiatric disorder among students.
Factors like the size of the school and the age of its buildings significantly affect rates of psychiatric disorder among students.
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Children who are bullied often experience higher rates of psychiatric issues.
Children who are bullied often experience higher rates of psychiatric issues.
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Community involvement has no effect on childhood mental health outcomes.
Community involvement has no effect on childhood mental health outcomes.
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Diagnostic categories map closely onto the genetic factors in the aetiology of childhood psychiatric disorders.
Diagnostic categories map closely onto the genetic factors in the aetiology of childhood psychiatric disorders.
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Children with depressive disorder and eating disorder cannot qualify for more than one psychiatric diagnosis.
Children with depressive disorder and eating disorder cannot qualify for more than one psychiatric diagnosis.
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Polygenic hereditary factors are not important in child psychiatry.
Polygenic hereditary factors are not important in child psychiatry.
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The immature brain has a greater capacity to compensate for localized damage compared to the adult brain.
The immature brain has a greater capacity to compensate for localized damage compared to the adult brain.
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Environmental factors have no effect on the psychiatric disorders of children with brain injuries.
Environmental factors have no effect on the psychiatric disorders of children with brain injuries.
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Shared environmental effects are assumed to affect all siblings in the same way.
Shared environmental effects are assumed to affect all siblings in the same way.
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The consequences of head injury in childhood are very specific to one area of the brain.
The consequences of head injury in childhood are very specific to one area of the brain.
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Early damage to the brain may show delayed effects and not manifest as a disorder until later in development.
Early damage to the brain may show delayed effects and not manifest as a disorder until later in development.
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The relationship between epilepsy and psychiatric disorder in adulthood is considered weak and insignificant.
The relationship between epilepsy and psychiatric disorder in adulthood is considered weak and insignificant.
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Intellectual impairment and behavior disorder are common consequences of severe head injury in childhood.
Intellectual impairment and behavior disorder are common consequences of severe head injury in childhood.
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Study Notes
Effects of Epilepsy on School Performance
- Epilepsy can negatively impact school performance due to seizure activity and potential side effects of medication.
- Temporal lobe epilepsy is linked to psychological disorders more than other types of epilepsy.
- Age of seizure onset influences a child's response to the condition, with younger onset often resulting in greater adversity.
Environmental Factors
Life Events
- Life events can either trigger psychiatric disorders or serve as protective barriers.
- Events categorized by severity or social context (family problems, loss) can have different psychological impacts.
- Chronic stress settings can exacerbate the effects of stressful life events on children.
- Children with conduct disorder face higher risks of encountering negative life events.
Family Influences
- A stable, secure family environment is crucial for children's emotional development.
- Separation and loss of parental figures can deeply influence psychological growth.
- Family conflict, particularly overt parental discord, can lead to adverse effects on children.
Maternal Deprivation and Attachment
- Bowlby's work highlights the importance of maternal attachment in early childhood.
- Attachment formed in the first six months influences children's self-concept and ability to build relationships later in life.
- Adequate maternal response and care contribute to positive developmental outcomes.
Factors Influencing Child Mental Health
Effects of Separation
- Factors such as child age, prior relationships, reason and management of separation influence the outcome.
- High-quality caregiving is crucial during separations to mitigate negative impacts.
Impact of Adverse Caregiving Environments
- Extreme deficiencies in caregiving can lead to disorders like Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD) and Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder (DSED).
Family Risk Factors
- Cumulative family risk factors for childhood psychiatric disorders include severe marital conflict, low socio-economic status, and parental psychiatric disorders.
Protective Factors
- Effective parenting, strong family ties, sociability, and external support systems can buffer against psychiatric disorders related to risks.
Child-Rearing Practices
- Patterns involving abuse or neglect are linked to a higher risk of psychiatric issues.
Effects of Alternative Childcare
- Quality of alternative care matters; high-quality care can foster cognitive and social skills, but excessive alternative care correlates with behavioral problems.
Effects of Parental Mental Disorder
- Mental health issues during childbearing years are common and can lead to significant risks for children, including emotional and behavioral problems.
- Parental depression, especially paternal, has a strong correlation with children's behavioral issues.
Aetiology
- A child's psychiatric disorders stem from an interplay of genetic factors, temperament, and environmental influences.
- Diverse factors such as heredity, early life experiences, and socio-environmental impacts all contribute to risk.
Genetic Factors
- Genetic contributions significantly impact certain psychiatric disorders, including ASD and anxiety disorders, showing heritability around 40%.
Temperament and Individual Differences
- Early temperamental traits can predispose children to later psychiatric disorders; difficult temperaments often lead to behavioral issues.
Brain Disorders
- Conditions affecting the brain, such as epilepsy and trauma, are key risk factors for developing psychological issues.
Effects of Parental Separation
- Parental divorce often leads to economic hardship and increased psychological maladjustment in children.
Death of a Parent
- Reactions to parental death vary by age; younger children may struggle with concepts of permanence, leading to regression, while older children may show signs of depression.
Social and Cultural Factors
- Wider social influences affect child development, particularly concerning conduct disorders through family life patterns.
Effects of Neighborhood
- Higher rates of childhood psychiatric disorders are noted in socially disadvantaged neighborhoods, affected by environmental quality and community support.
Effects of School
- School environment significantly influences child mental health; supportive teaching correlates with lower psychiatric issues among students.
Bullying: Risks and Consequences
- Bullying leads to serious emotional consequences for both victims and perpetrators, including long-term adjustment problems.
Interpreting Genetic Studies
- Genetic and environmental factors act together. Psychiatric symptoms often overlap across diagnoses, complicating the understanding of their origins.### Maturational Changes and Delayed Effects
- Brain lesions in childhood lead to more complex effects due to ongoing brain development.
- Greater plasticity in the immature brain allows for compensation of localized damage.
- Complete destruction of the left hemisphere in early childhood may still result in normal language development.
- Early brain damage may not manifest immediately; disorders can arise later during development when the affected area assumes critical functions.
- Brain injury at birth can lead to seizures occurring many years after the injury.
- Delayed behavioral consequences of brain injury may also occur, indicating complex long-term effects.
Consequences of Head Injury in Childhood
- Head injuries are a common source of neurological damage in children.
- The resulting disorders are not highly specific, often affecting multiple brain areas.
- Severe head injuries can lead to intellectual impairment and behavioral disorders.
- The degree of intellectual impairment correlates with injury severity; however, the relationship between behavioral disorders and injury is more complex and less direct.
Epilepsy as a Cause of Childhood Psychiatric Disorder
- This section focuses on the implications and connections between childhood epilepsy and mental health issues, indicating a potential relationship that needs exploration.
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Description
This quiz explores the impact of epilepsy on a student's academic performance, including the effects of treatment and the role of age of onset and seizure type.
