Epilepsy and Antiepileptic Drugs
32 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What percentage of patients with epilepsy have seizures completely controlled by optimal drug therapy?

  • 100%
  • 50%
  • 90%
  • 75% (correct)

    • Which of the following mechanisms is NOT a way that antiepileptic drugs prevent proximal discharge?

  • Inhibit Ca2+ channel function
  • Enhance GABA action
  • Correct underlying neuronal abnormality (correct)
  • Inhibit Na+ channel function

    • What is the primary mechanism of action of vigabatrin?

  • Inhibits GABA transaminase (correct)
  • Enhances GABAA activation
  • Inhibits Na+ channel function
  • Inhibits Ca2+ channel function

    • Which type of calcium channel is inhibited by ethosuximide?

    <p>T-type Ca2+ channel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of gabapentin?

    <p>Binds to the α2δ1 subunit of P/Q-type Ca2+ channels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated percentage of epilepsy cases that involve genetic mutations?

    <p>1/3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of Levetiracetam in terms of synaptic transmission?

    <p>Binds synaptic vesicle protein 2A (SV2A) and interferes with NT release</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antiepileptic drug is known for its multiple mechanisms of action?

    <p>Topiramate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary problem with NMDA antagonists as antiepileptic drugs?

    <p>Too narrow therapeutic window</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of inhibiting T-type Ca2+ channels in terms of seizure type?

    <p>Effective in absence seizures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three major categories of antiepileptic drugs?

    <p>Enhance GABA action, Inhibit Na+ channels, Inhibit Ca2+ channels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the population is affected by epilepsy?

    <p>0.5-1%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of seizure is characterized by abrupt stopping of activity, staring vacantly for a few seconds, and abrupt recovery with no after effects?

    <p>Absence seizure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of Electroencephalography (EEG)?

    <p>To detect electrical activity in the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the type of epilepsy that is associated with progressive mental retardation and excitotoxic neurodegeneration?

    <p>Lennox-Gastaut syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of brain imaging?

    <p>Computed Tomography (CT)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the initial strong contraction of whole musculature that occurs during a tonic-clonic seizure?

    <p>Tonic phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Kainic acid injection in the amygdaloidal nucleus of a rat results in spontaneous seizures within 24 hours.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Electrically induced seizures can be prevented by GABA antagonists.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Valproate is primarily used to treat absence seizures due to its ability to block T-type Ca2+ channels.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Tiagabine is used to treat partial seizures by inhibiting GABA transaminase.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Carbamazepine is effective in treating all types of seizures, including absence seizures.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Levetiracetam binds to voltage-gated Na+ channels

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Topiramate is a specific inhibitor of T-type Ca2+ channels

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    NMDA antagonists have a wide therapeutic window

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ethosuximide is an inhibitor of voltage-gated Na+ channels

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All antiepileptic drugs act by enhancing GABA action

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Antiepileptic drugs work by enhancing the action of Na+ channels.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Generalised seizures always begin with a local discharge before spreading to other parts of the brain.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is used to detect electrical activity in the brain.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Psychomotor seizures are characterized by involuntary jerking of a muscle group.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lennox-Gastaut syndrome is a type of partial seizure disorder.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Overview of Epilepsy

    • Epilepsy is a common disorder characterized by seizures, which affect 0.5-1% of the population
    • Often, there is no recognizable cause, but it can be caused by brain damage, inherited neurological syndromes, trauma, stroke, infection, or tumour
    • Epilepsy is a neurological disorder that exhibits periodic seizures, which are episodic high-frequency discharges of impulses by a group of neurons (focus)

    Imaging

    • Electroencephalography (EEG) detects electrical activity, recording from electrodes, and recognizes the type of seizure by nature and distribution of the abnormal discharge
    • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Positron Emission Tomography (PET) are also used for imaging

    Types of Epilepsy

    • Partial seizures:
      • Jacksonian epilepsy: Focus in motor cortex, repetitive involuntary jerking of a muscle group, begins one side of body, and spreads
      • Psychomotor epilepsy: Consists of purposed movements, lasts a few minutes, and patient recovers with no recollection
    • Generalised seizures:
      • Tonic-clonic: Two phases, initial strong contraction of whole musculature (tonic phase), and series of violent, synchronous jerks (clonic phase)
      • Absence seizure: Abruptly stops activity, stares vacantly for a few seconds, and recovers abruptly with no after effects
      • Lennox-Gastaut: Severe, associated with progressive mental retardation, due to excitotoxic neurodegeneration

    Antiepileptic Drugs

    • Mechanism of action:
      • Enhance GABA action
      • Inhibit Na+ channels
      • Inhibit Ca2+ channels
    • Examples:
      • Benzodiazepines: Enhance activation of GABAA, used for acute seizures in children and status epilepticus
      • Vigabatrin: Irreversibly inhibits GABA transaminase (GABA-T), used for all types of epilepsy
      • Carbamazepine: Voltage-gated Na+ channel blockers, used for all types of epilepsy except absence seizures
      • Ethosuximide: T-type Ca2+ channel inhibition, used for absence seizures
      • Galapentin: P/Q-type Ca2+ channel inhibition, used for partial seizures
      • Valproate: Used for all types of epilepsy, especially effective in infantile epilepsy
      • Levetiracetam: Binds synaptic vesicle protein 2A (SV2A), interferes with NT release, used for partial seizures
      • Topiramate: Blocks Na+ and Ca2+ channels, enhances GABA action, and blocks AMPA, used for partial and generalised seizures

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Antiepileptics 20-21 PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers the basics of epilepsy, including its causes and effects on the brain. It also delves into the different types of antiepileptic drugs and how they work to reduce seizures. Test your knowledge on this important neurological disorder.

    More Like This

    Antiepileptic Drugs and Epilepsy
    30 questions

    Antiepileptic Drugs and Epilepsy

    InvaluableBoolean avatar
    InvaluableBoolean
    Antiepileptic Drugs (Concept)
    38 questions

    Antiepileptic Drugs (Concept)

    JoyousAlgebra avatar
    JoyousAlgebra
    Antiepileptic Drugs and Their Effects
    32 questions

    Antiepileptic Drugs and Their Effects

    ExemplaryEuphonium avatar
    ExemplaryEuphonium
    Central Nervous System - Antiepileptic Drugs
    16 questions

    Central Nervous System - Antiepileptic Drugs

    InspirationalLead9469 avatar
    InspirationalLead9469
    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser