Epidemiology Study Designs II: Experimental Research
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary characteristic of experimental research?

  • It involves controlling conditions and manipulating independent variables (correct)
  • It focuses on observing and documenting natural phenomena
  • It emphasizes qualitative analysis over quantitative analysis
  • It relies solely on historical data and records
  • Why is experimental research considered a powerful tool?

  • It depends heavily on theoretical models and simulations
  • It focuses on correlational analysis rather than causal relationships
  • It relies on anecdotal evidence and personal experiences
  • It allows direct assessment of how one variable influences another (correct)
  • What must be done with extraneous variables in experimental research?

  • They must be given equal weight as the independent variables
  • They must be purposely manipulated
  • They must be completely ignored
  • They must be held constant (correct)
  • What is crucial for understanding how different factors influence the outcome of a study?

    <p>Manipulating variables and observing the effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which variable is known as the 'cause' and can be manipulated or altered?

    <p>Independent variable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of variable is expected to be dependent on the manipulation of the independent variable?

    <p>Dependent variable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is used to control subjects’ knowledge of whether or not they have been given the experimental treatment?

    <p>Blinding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of assignment is based on chance and provides 'control by chance'?

    <p>Randomization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term indicates whether the independent variable was the sole cause of the change in the dependent variable?

    <p>Internal validity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term refers to the extent to which the results of an experiment are applicable to the real world?

    <p>External validity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of experiment is characterized by high control, high internal validity, but low external validity?

    <p>Laboratory experiment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'One-shot design' and 'Static group design' are examples of which type of experimental design?

    <p>Pre-experimental design</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'A single measure is recorded after the treatment is administered' describes which pre-experimental design?

    <p>'One shot' study</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Subjects in experimental group are measured before and after treatment is administered' describes which pre-experimental design?

    <p>'One-group pretest-posttest' design</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What classification does a randomized controlled trial belong to in social sciences experimental study design?

    <p>True experimental</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of quasi-experimental designs?

    <p>High control and low external validity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    • The text discusses experimental epidemiology and its designs, with a focus on the importance of experimental research and definitions related to it.
    • Experimental research is a method for investigating cause-and-effect relationships by controlling conditions and manipulating independent variables to observe effects on dependent variables.
    • Key components of experimental research include the importance of experimental design, definitions of dependent and independent variables, confounding variables, blinding, randomization, experimental treatments, and internal and external validity.
    • Laboratory and field experiments differ in terms of environment, demand artifacts, internal validity, and external validity.
    • The text also discusses the experimental study design classifications in social sciences and pre-experimental designs, which include one-shot and one-group pretest-posttest designs.
    • One-shot studies involve measuring a single variable after treatment administration, while one-group pretest-posttest designs measure the same individuals before and after the treatment, but lack a control group.
    • Pre-experimental designs are often used in exploratory research, but lack proper control for external or internal validity and cannot be classified as true experiments.

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    Description

    Explore the subtopics and lesson outcomes of experimental epidemiology, including the types of designs and the process of conducting experimental research to test hypotheses and establish causality.

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