Epidemiology Overview Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of epidemiology?

Studying the history of medicine

Understanding the effects of diseases on individuals

Analyzing how diseases affect populations (correct)

Researching ancient diseases

Which of the following best defines a pandemic?

An epidemic spreading across countries or continents (correct)

A disease regularly found in a population

A sudden increase of a disease above normal levels

A disease outbreak in a localized area

What characterizes an endemic disease?

Transmits primarily between humans and animals

Sudden increase in cases over normal levels

Regularly found in a specific area or population (correct)

Occurs sporadically in various locations

Which factor does NOT contribute to the prevalence of diseases?

Historical events Signup and view all the answers

Which type of disease is primarily transmitted through contaminated water?

Water-borne disease Signup and view all the answers

What defines a neglected tropical disease?

Disease primarily found in tropical climates with limited attention and resources Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best illustrates opportunistic diseases?

Diseases that occur in individuals with weakened immune systems Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the critical challenges in controlling tropical diseases?

Complex interaction with environmental factors Signup and view all the answers

What does the scope of disease refer to?

The extent and reach of a disease, including its prevalence. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a biological factor contributing to the prevalence of disease?

Socioeconomic status Signup and view all the answers

What defines an infectious disease?

Diseases caused by pathogens that can spread from person to person. Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of neglected tropical diseases?

They are predominantly found in tropical regions affecting poor populations. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of disease is primarily spread through contaminated water?

Water-borne Disease Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is categorized as an environmental factor affecting disease prevalence?

Climate Signup and view all the answers

Anthropozoonotic diseases refer to those transmitted between:

Humans and animals Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following diseases is considered non-communicable?

Diabetes Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary challenge in controlling tropical diseases?

Limited access to healthcare and poor sanitation. Signup and view all the answers

Malaria is primarily transmitted through which of the following?

Infected mosquitoes. Signup and view all the answers

Cholera is associated with which of the following conditions?

Severe diarrhea and dehydration. Signup and view all the answers

What defines 'burden of disease'?

Mortality, morbidity, and economic/social consequences. Signup and view all the answers

What is an opportunistic disease?

A disease that occurs in individuals with a weakened immune system. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a lifestyle disease?

Type 2 diabetes. Signup and view all the answers

What describes a choropleth map?

A type of map that uses colors to represent data values. Signup and view all the answers

The primary target of antiretroviral therapy (ART) is which virus?

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Exam Information

90-minute exam
10 short answer questions (30-50 words each)
1 map skills question
1 extended response (500-600 words) using unseen stimulus material

Content to Cover

Epidemiology

Epidemiology: Study of how diseases affect populations (distribution, causes, effects, risk factors, prevention).
Causation: Factors contributing to disease development (genetics, environment, lifestyle).
Distribution: How diseases spread across populations (geographical areas, age groups, gender patterns).
Endemic: Regularly occurring disease in an area.
Epidemic: A sudden increase in disease cases beyond normal levels.
Pandemic: An epidemic spreading across multiple countries or continents.
Scope of disease: Extent and reach.
Impact of disease: Effect on individuals, societies, economies, healthcare.

Four Factors Contributing to Disease Prevalence

Biological factors
Environmental factors
Social factors
Healthcare access

Types of Disease

Infectious disease: Caused by pathogens (bacteria, viruses, fungi). Spreads from person to person.
- Waterborne disease (e.g., cholera)
- Airborne disease (e.g., tuberculosis)
- Deficiency disease (e.g., scurvy)
Sexually transmitted disease (e.g., HIV/AIDS)
Zoonotic disease: Transmitted from animals to humans
Anthropozoonotic disease: Transmitted between people and animals
Non-communicable disease: Not infectious, spreads from person to person (e.g., heart disease, diabetes)

Tropical Disease

Definition of Tropical Disease: Primarily in tropical and subtropical areas, often linked to climate and environment.
Distribution of Tropical Disease: Geographic areas with warm temperatures, high humidity.
Neglected Tropical Disease: Diseases affecting poor populations in tropical areas, largely ignored.
Impact of tropical disease: Health, economic, and social impact on affected areas.
Why Tropical Diseases are hard to control: Limited healthcare access, poor treatments, environmental factors.

Case Studies

Malaria: Caused by parasite transmitted by mosquitoes (tropical regions).
Leprosy: Caused by bacteria affecting skin, nerves, mucous membranes.
HIV and AIDS: HIV attacks the immune system, eventually leading to AIDS.
Cholera: Waterborne bacterial disease causing diarrhea.
Lifestyle diseases: Choices affecting health (e.g., smoking, poor diet, lack of exercise).

Other Information

Prevalence: Proportion of population affected by disease.
Disease: Condition impairing normal body function.
Burden of Disease: Impact on population (mortality, morbidity, economics, social consequences).
Opportunistic Disease: Infections taking advantage of a weakened immune system.
Antiretroviral Therapy (ART): Treatment for HIV/AIDS.
Choropleth Map: Uses color to represent data in geographical regions.
Data Sets: Layers of data showing factors.
Color Shading: Representing data values (light to dark/small to large).
BOLTSS: Map components (Border, Orientation, Legend, Title, Scale, Source).
Extended Response Requirements: Factual, specific (evidence based), data integration (support from other material).
Type 2 Diabetes: Chronic condition affecting blood sugar processing.

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Description

Test your understanding of epidemiology, including the causes, distribution, and the impact of diseases on populations. This quiz covers key concepts such as endemic, epidemic, and pandemic diseases, as well as the factors contributing to disease prevalence. Prepare for a mix of short answer questions and a detailed extended response.