14 Questions
What does the strength of association indicate about the relationship between exposure and disease?
The likelihood of a causal relationship
What is consistency in the context of causal relationships?
Different research reports have generally similar conclusions
What is the term for exposure to a specific risk factor resulting in a clearly defined pattern of disease or diseases?
Specificity
What is the term for the exposure of interest preceding the disease by a period of time consistent with any proposed biological mechanism?
Temporal sequence
What is the term for the relationship between the level and duration of exposure and the severity of diseases or their incidence?
Biological gradient
What is the term for the synthesis of all the evidence leading to a conclusion about the cause-effect relationship?
Coherence
What type of study can verify whether removing a specific hazard or reducing a specific risk eliminates the development of a specific disease?
Interventional study
What is the primary purpose of establishing the strength of association in a causal relationship?
To establish a clear cause-effect relationship between exposure and disease
What is the significance of consistency in the context of causal relationships?
It increases the likelihood of a causal relationship between exposure and disease
What is the primary difference between specificity and biological plausibility?
Specificity is a measure of the specific risk factor, while biological plausibility is a measure of the biological mechanism
What is the primary advantage of interventional studies in establishing a causal relationship?
They can verify whether removing a specific hazard or reducing a specific risk eliminates the development of a specific disease
What is the primary purpose of examining the biological gradient in a causal relationship?
To examine the relationship between the level and duration of exposure and the severity of diseases or their incidence
What is the primary role of coherence in establishing a causal relationship?
It provides a general synthesis of all the evidence leading to a conclusion about the cause-effect relationship
Which of the following is NOT a criterion for establishing a causal relationship?
Random chance
Study Notes
Strength of Association
- The greater the impact of an exposure on the occurrence or development of a disease, the stronger the likelihood of a causal relationship.
Consistency
- Different research reports have generally similar conclusions.
Specificity
- Exposure to a specific risk factor results in a clearly defined pattern of disease or diseases.
Temporality or Time Sequence
- The exposure of interest preceded the disease by a period of time consistent with any proposed biological mechanism.
Biological Gradient
- The greater the level and duration of exposure, the greater the severity of diseases or their incidence.
Biological Plausibility
- From what is known of toxicology, chemistry, physical properties, or other attributes of the studied risk or hazard, it makes biological sense to suggest that exposure leads to the disease.
Coherence
- A general synthesis of all the evidence leads to the conclusion that there is a cause-effect relationship in a broad sense and in terms of general common sense.
Interventional Studies
- Primary preventative trials may verify whether removing a specific hazard or reducing a specific risk from the working environment or work activity eliminates the development of a specific disease or reduces its incidence.
Strength of Association
- The greater the impact of an exposure on the occurrence or development of a disease, the stronger the likelihood of a causal relationship.
Consistency
- Different research reports have generally similar conclusions.
Specificity
- Exposure to a specific risk factor results in a clearly defined pattern of disease or diseases.
Temporality or Time Sequence
- The exposure of interest preceded the disease by a period of time consistent with any proposed biological mechanism.
Biological Gradient
- The greater the level and duration of exposure, the greater the severity of diseases or their incidence.
Biological Plausibility
- From what is known of toxicology, chemistry, physical properties, or other attributes of the studied risk or hazard, it makes biological sense to suggest that exposure leads to the disease.
Coherence
- A general synthesis of all the evidence leads to the conclusion that there is a cause-effect relationship in a broad sense and in terms of general common sense.
Interventional Studies
- Primary preventative trials may verify whether removing a specific hazard or reducing a specific risk from the working environment or work activity eliminates the development of a specific disease or reduces its incidence.
This quiz assesses understanding of the principles of epidemiology, including the strength of association, consistency, specificity, and temporality, in determining causal relationships between exposures and diseases.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
