Epidemiological Concepts Quiz

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According to Hill's causal criteria, which consideration suggests that if different articles publish results in the same way, it gives evidence of a causal relationship?

Biologic gradient

Specificity

Strength

Consistency (correct)

Which of the following is NOT one of Hill's causal criteria?

Specificity

Temporal relationship

Analogy

Coherence (correct)

In epidemiological studies, what does bias refer to?

Magnitude of relative risk

Random error

Systematic error (correct)

Alternative explanation

What does the absence of an association between a risk factor and a disease necessarily imply?

Absence of a causal relationship Signup and view all the answers

Which consideration in Hill's causal criteria suggests that if we have temporality, we will never have a causal relationship between events?

Temporality Signup and view all the answers

What does confounding in epidemiological studies refer to?

Alternative explanation Signup and view all the answers

What does the strength consideration in Hill's causal criteria refer to?

Magnitude of the relative risk or odds ratio Signup and view all the answers

In epidemiological studies, what does chance refer to?

Random error Signup and view all the answers

What does specificity in Hill's causal criteria refer to?

Alternative explanation Signup and view all the answers

What does the biologic gradient consideration in Hill's causal criteria refer to?

Presence of a dose-response relationship Signup and view all the answers

What does coherence in Hill's causal criteria refer to?

Causal relationship not in conflict Signup and view all the answers

What does experimental evidence in Hill's causal criteria refer to?

Presence of experimental studies supporting the relationship Signup and view all the answers

Which model compares an exposed group of people to a fictional group unexposed to the key variable?

Counterfactual model Signup and view all the answers

What is the number of new health-related events in a defined population within a specified period of time called?

Incidence Signup and view all the answers

What does prevalence in epidemiological variables refer to?

Total number of individuals who have an attribute or disease divided by the population at risk Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between prevalence, incidence, and duration of disease?

The more incidence, the more prevalence, the more death/recovery Signup and view all the answers

What does incident time refer to in descriptive epidemiology?

Time elapsed before an outcome event or incident Signup and view all the answers

What does stable population refer to in epidemiology?

A population with no changes in size or composition Signup and view all the answers

What is the concept of population in epidemiology related to?

Describing health states and determinants in terms of time, place, and person Signup and view all the answers

What does the causal web model imply?

A concurrence of different exposures or conditions is required to induce disease Signup and view all the answers

What does the traditional causal model from the microbiological revolution era involve?

Monocausal model of disease based on Koch's postulates Signup and view all the answers

What does the counterfactual model aim to do?

Compare an exposed group of people to a fictional group unexposed to the key variable Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of graphical models in epidemiology?

Create a conceptual diagram that maps the relationship between exposures and outcomes Signup and view all the answers