Epidemiological Concepts Quiz
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Questions and Answers

According to Hill's causal criteria, which consideration suggests that if different articles publish results in the same way, it gives evidence of a causal relationship?

  • Biologic gradient
  • Specificity
  • Strength
  • Consistency (correct)
  • Which of the following is NOT one of Hill's causal criteria?

  • Specificity
  • Temporal relationship
  • Analogy
  • Coherence (correct)
  • In epidemiological studies, what does bias refer to?

  • Magnitude of relative risk
  • Random error
  • Systematic error (correct)
  • Alternative explanation
  • What does the absence of an association between a risk factor and a disease necessarily imply?

    <p>Absence of a causal relationship</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which consideration in Hill's causal criteria suggests that if we have temporality, we will never have a causal relationship between events?

    <p>Temporality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does confounding in epidemiological studies refer to?

    <p>Alternative explanation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the strength consideration in Hill's causal criteria refer to?

    <p>Magnitude of the relative risk or odds ratio</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In epidemiological studies, what does chance refer to?

    <p>Random error</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does specificity in Hill's causal criteria refer to?

    <p>Alternative explanation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the biologic gradient consideration in Hill's causal criteria refer to?

    <p>Presence of a dose-response relationship</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does coherence in Hill's causal criteria refer to?

    <p>Causal relationship not in conflict</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does experimental evidence in Hill's causal criteria refer to?

    <p>Presence of experimental studies supporting the relationship</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which model compares an exposed group of people to a fictional group unexposed to the key variable?

    <p>Counterfactual model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the number of new health-related events in a defined population within a specified period of time called?

    <p>Incidence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does prevalence in epidemiological variables refer to?

    <p>Total number of individuals who have an attribute or disease divided by the population at risk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between prevalence, incidence, and duration of disease?

    <p>The more incidence, the more prevalence, the more death/recovery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does incident time refer to in descriptive epidemiology?

    <p>Time elapsed before an outcome event or incident</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does stable population refer to in epidemiology?

    <p>A population with no changes in size or composition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the concept of population in epidemiology related to?

    <p>Describing health states and determinants in terms of time, place, and person</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the causal web model imply?

    <p>A concurrence of different exposures or conditions is required to induce disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the traditional causal model from the microbiological revolution era involve?

    <p>Monocausal model of disease based on Koch's postulates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the counterfactual model aim to do?

    <p>Compare an exposed group of people to a fictional group unexposed to the key variable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of graphical models in epidemiology?

    <p>Create a conceptual diagram that maps the relationship between exposures and outcomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

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