Epidemiology and Research Methods Tutorial for Medical Students
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Questions and Answers

Where does the term 'epidemiology' originate from?

  • Latin for 'study of health'
  • Hebrew for 'population medicine'
  • Greek epi = on, among, demos = people, and logos = study (correct)
  • Arabic for 'public health'

What did John M. Last define epidemiology as in 1988?

  • The study of individual health outcomes
  • The application of research to health problems
  • The study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in specified populations (correct)
  • The study of clinical medicine

Which of the following is NOT a learning objective for the 3rd year medical students in the Epidemiology and data management class?

  • Discuss the impact of epidemics on society (correct)
  • Define epidemiology
  • Explain steps of conducting research
  • Differentiate between epidemiology and clinical medicine

What is the primary function of research, as defined in the text?

<p>To study the distribution of health-related states in populations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three main aims of epidemiology according to the International Epidemiological Association (IEA)?

<p>To describe the distribution and magnitude of health and disease problems in human populations, to identify aetiological factors in the pathogenesis of disease, and to provide data essential for the planning, implementation, and evaluation of disease services. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main foundation of the epidemiological approach to problems of health and disease?

<p>Making comparisons. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the basic difference between epidemiology and clinical medicine?

<p>In epidemiology, the unit of study is a case or cases; in clinical medicine, the unit of study is a defined population or population at risk. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, what are the determinants of any disease or health problem dependent on?

<p>The characteristics of the agent, host, and environment. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some examples of measurements in epidemiology?

<p>Measurement of mortality, morbidity, disability, natality, presence or absence of characteristics or attributes of diseases, medical needs, and utilization of health services. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the epidemiological approach focus on when making comparisons?

<p>Making comparisons between individuals with and without a disease (or exposed to a risk factor). (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between epidemiology and clinical medicine?

<p>Epidemiology focuses on populations at risk while clinical medicine focuses on individual cases (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the aims of epidemiology according to the International Epidemiological Association (IEA)?

<p>To describe the distribution and magnitude of health problems in human populations, to identify aetiological factors in the pathogenesis of disease, and to provide data essential for the planning, implementation, and evaluation of disease services. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some examples of measurements used in epidemiology?

<p>Measurement of mortality, morbidity, disability and natality. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does epidemiology approach problems related to health and disease?

<p>By asking questions related to health events and making comparisons. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the epidemiological approach focus on when making comparisons?

<p>Making comparisons between individuals with and without a disease (or exposed to a risk factor). (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define epidemiology according to John M. Last's 1988 definition.

<p>The study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in specified populations, and the application of this study to the control of health problems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the components of the term 'epidemiology' according to its Greek origins?

<p>Epi = upon, among, demos = people, and logos = study.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the aims of epidemiology as described in the text.

<p>The aims of epidemiology include the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in specified populations, and the application of this study to the control of health problems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the scope of epidemiology as outlined in the text.

<p>The scope of epidemiology includes the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in specified populations, and the application of this study to the control of health problems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three main aims of epidemiology according to the International Epidemiological Association (IEA)?

<p>a. to describe the distribution and magnitude of health and disease problems in human populations. b. to identify aetiological factors (risk factors) in the pathogenesis of disease. c. to provide the data essential to the planning, implementation and evaluation of services for the prevention, control and treatment of disease and to the setting up of priorities among those services.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of research, as defined in the text?

<p>The primary function of research, as defined in the text, is to ask questions and make comparisons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, what are the determinants of any disease or health problem dependent on?

<p>The determinants of any disease or health problem are dependent on studying the characteristics of the agent, host, and environment, known as the epidemiological triad.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the epidemiological approach focus on when making comparisons?

<p>The epidemiological approach focuses on making comparisons to find crucial differences in the host and environmental factors between those affected and not affected.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does epidemiology approach problems related to health and disease?

<p>Epidemiology approaches problems related to health and disease by asking questions related to health events and health action, and by making comparisons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the basic difference between epidemiology and clinical medicine?

<p>The basic difference between epidemiology and clinical medicine is that in epidemiology, the unit of study is a 'defined population' or 'population at risk'; in clinical medicine, the unit of study is a 'case' or 'cases'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some examples of measurements in epidemiology?

<p>Examples of measurements in epidemiology include mortality, morbidity, disability, natality, and the presence, absence, or distribution of disease characteristics or attributes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main foundation of the epidemiological approach to problems of health and disease?

<p>The main foundation of the epidemiological approach to problems of health and disease is based on asking questions and making comparisons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the aims of epidemiology according to the International Epidemiological Association (IEA)?

<p>According to the International Epidemiological Association (IEA), the aims of epidemiology are to describe the distribution and magnitude of health and disease problems, identify aetiological factors, and provide essential data for planning, implementation, and evaluation of services.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the epidemiological triad focus on studying?

<p>The epidemiological triad focused on studying the characteristics of the agent, host, and environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two major foundations of the epidemiological approach to problems of health and disease?

<p>The two major foundations of the epidemiological approach to problems of health and disease are asking questions and making comparisons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the measurements used in epidemiology, as mentioned in the text?

<p>The measurements used in epidemiology include mortality, morbidity, disability, natality, and the presence, absence, or distribution of disease characteristics or attributes, as well as medical needs, health care facilities, and utilization of health services.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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