Epidemiology and Research Methods Quiz

The main focus of epidemiology is the study of the distribution and determinants of disease in populations.

The goals include describing adverse health outcomes, explaining disease patterns and causes, and preventing disease.

John Snow is considered a pioneer due to his work on the Broad Street Cholera Outbreak in the 1850s.

<p>One type of study design is a case-control study, which compares participants with a disease to those without to identify potential risk factors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Epidemiology shifted its focus from infectious diseases to chronic diseases and environmental risk factors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Psychiatric epidemiology studies the prevalence, distribution, and causes of mental disorders at the population level.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The two main categories are exploratory (descriptive) and causal research.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>'Prognostic' refers to identifying individuals who are likely to develop a disease in the future.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Childhood trauma can lead to depression in children.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prevalence is the proportion of a population that currently has a disease or outcome.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Incidence refers to the frequency of new cases over a specific period, while prevalence measures existing cases at a given time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The target population defines the entire group a researcher aims to make inferences about.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Probability sampling involves random selection, giving each member of the population a known chance of inclusion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A sample is a group of people selected from the target population for analysis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A high odds ratio suggests a strong association between exposure and the outcome.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypotheses propose a testable statement based on observed phenomena.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It assumes a closed population where no subject has the disease at the start.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Convenience sampling selects participants based on their availability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The risk ratio compares the incidence of an outcome in exposed versus unexposed groups.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They allow comparison of prevalence or incidence between exposed and unexposed groups.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Childhood trauma is linked to an increased risk of mental disorders in adulthood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Psychiatric epidemiology studies the prevalence and incidence of mental disorders.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Incidence rates measure the occurrence of new cases over a specified time period.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The study of the spread and causes of health issues within populations.

It helps us understand when, where, and among whom a disease occurs, and why.

This involves exploring patterns of disease, identifying those with the condition, and predicting the future.

This is a key goal of epidemiological research, focusing on identifying the root causes of disease.

This is a famous example of early epidemiological work demonstrating the link between contaminated water and cholera outbreaks.

This branch of epidemiology focuses on the prevalence, distribution, and causes of mental health conditions in populations.

This is a broader field that encompasses social and psychological factors influencing health and illness.

This example demonstrates how epidemiological studies helped link smoking and cancer risk, leading to advancements in public health.

The entire population or group that a researcher is interested in learning from.

A smaller group of people selected from the population of interest.

The method of choosing a sample where every individual in the population has a known chance of being selected.

A method of sampling where the selection of individuals is not random.

The proportion of a population that has the outcome (disease) at a specific point in time.

The frequency of new cases of a disease in a population at risk over a specific period of time.

The number of people with a disease at a specific point in time divided by the total population.

How many new cases of a disease occur in a population at risk over a specific period of time divided by the total population at risk.

Measures the rate of new cases of a disease occurring over time.

A measure of effect that compares the proportion of people experiencing the outcome (disease/condition) in two groups, exposed (E+) and unexposed (E-) to a particular factor.

A measure of effect that compares the risk of the outcome in two groups, exposed (E+) and unexposed (E-) to a particular factor.

A measure of effect that compares the odds of the outcome in the exposed group to the odds of the outcome in the unexposed group.

A measure of effect that compares the incidence of a disease or condition in the exposed group to the incidence of the disease or condition in the unexposed group over a period of time.

A measure of effect that compares the incidence rate of a disease or condition in the exposed group to the incidence rate of the disease or condition in the unexposed group.