Epidemiology and Community Health Overview

The study of how diseases spread and affect populations. It helps identify causes and risk factors for diseases and health problems.

The person who linked the cholera outbreak in London to contaminated water from a specific pump, a major turning point in public health.

A pioneering nurse who used data and statistics to transform healthcare. She improved sanitation and reduced mortality rates during the Crimean War.

A long-term study that tracks the health of people in Framingham, Massachusetts. It has identified important risk factors for cardiovascular diseases.

A model that illustrates the relationship between a disease and its contributing factors- the host, agent, and environment.

A measure of the strength of association between exposure to a factor and the risk of developing a disease or health condition. It compares the incidence of disease in an exposed group to the incidence in an unexposed group.

A relative risk of 1 indicates no difference in risk between the exposed and unexposed groups. The disease is equally likely in both groups.

A relative risk greater than 1 indicates an increased risk of disease in the exposed group compared to the unexposed group. The disease is more likely in the exposed group.

A relative risk less than 1 indicates a decreased risk of disease in the exposed group compared to the unexposed group. The disease is less likely in the exposed group.

A measure of association that compares the odds of an event occurring in one group to the odds of the event occurring in another group.

The odds ratio estimates the relative risk factor. It helps determine the association between an exposure and a disease within a population.

A statistical tool used to analyze and infer relationships between exposures and outcomes. It's often used in epidemiology to gain insights into disease patterns and risk factors.

A set of statistical measures used to quantify the relationship between an exposure and a health outcome. These measures provide valuable information for understanding disease patterns and developing preventive strategies.

Community is considered the client. The focus is on the overall health of the population. CHN acts as an expert, utilizing epidemiological data and addressing issues through government protocols.

The community is seen as a partner. Focus is on improving collective well-being through community-identified priorities. CHN works collaboratively and empowers community members.

A relationship where individuals, groups, organizations, or governments actively work together during all stages of a project (assessment, planning, implementation, and evaluation).

A type of partnership specific to health planning. Both community members and professionals participate in decision-making. Aim is to reduce health inequalities and improve community health.

When 2 or more groups with a shared concern or issue join forces to amplify their impact and achieve their common goal.

Partnerships aim to build capacity within the system by reducing costs, avoiding duplication of services, coordinating efforts, and effectively addressing client health concerns.

Effective partnerships share characteristics like equality in decision-making, a shared vision, integrity, agreement on goals, and a plan of action.

Involves different healthcare professionals collaborating to provide holistic care, ensuring each professional's expertise is integrated to meet the patient's needs.

It involves identifying and utilizing existing community strengths to build resilience and foster positive change.

A process that guides communities toward positive social change, leading to long-term improvements in people's lives by enhancing their abilities and resources.

Various methods for identifying community assets and resources, such as volunteering, local businesses, and community organizations. These assets help communities build their own solutions.

A systematic approach to understand the health of a specific community, including its strengths, concerns, resources, and challenges. It helps healthcare professionals tailor their interventions to the community's needs.

This process helps CHN understand the needs of a community by gathering data, analyzing it, and drawing conclusions for planning effective interventions.

It involves teaching and learning experiences that bring together students from different health professions to learn from and with each other.

A method used to collect data about a community's health and environment by driving through the area and observing the physical characteristics, people, and resources.

A detailed study involving a structured observation of a community's physical characteristics, social conditions, and health resources.

A key step in the community health nursing process that involves identifying the health concerns, needs, and assets of a community.

Gathering information about a community's health facilities, vital statistics, and values.

A powerful community assessment method involving structured observations, interviews, and participation in community activities.

A process of prioritizing health issues based on factors such as prevalence, severity, and community awareness.

The process of analyzing data, identifying health problems and their causes, and developing a plan of action.

A method for gaining trust and access to a community, often involving engaging with key community members and organizations.

A community with a significant aging population, a unique ethnic mix, a challenging geographic location and a reliance on limited healthcare resources.

Methods like surveys, interviews, focus groups, and reviewing existing data to learn about a community's needs.

Information like demographics, health status, access to care, and social determinants of health.

The growing proportion of people over 65 in a community.

The factors that influence health besides medical care, such as education, income, and environment.

Problems caused by lifestyle choices like smoking, high-fat diet, and alcohol abuse.

A healthcare professional specializing in the needs of older adults.