Epidemiology and Characteristics of Lichen Nitidus

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What may lead to T-helper type 2 (Th2) cell polarization in lichen nitidus?

Functioning cellular immunity

Cytokine milieu produced by the inflammatory infiltrate (correct)

Topical application of dinitrochlorobenzene

Genetic factors

Which conditions have been associated with lichen nitidus?

Vitiligo, alopecia areata, and urticaria

Psoriasis, eczema, and rosacea

Atopic dermatitis, Crohn disease, and juvenile chronic arthritis (correct)

Seborrheic dermatitis, acne, and molluscum contagiosum

What has been reported about the genetic factors of lichen nitidus?

Multiple genetic variants contributing to the disease

No genetic factors of the disease have been identified (correct)

Inheritance pattern following Mendelian genetics

Strong genetic linkage to specific alleles

What is the current understanding of the epidemiology of lichen nitidus?

It is more common in children and young adults Signup and view all the answers

How is lichen nitidus currently regarded in terms of its pathophysiology?

As an idiopathic lichenoid tissue reaction with distinctive clinical and histologic features Signup and view all the answers

What theory supports the formation of discrete inflammatory papules in lichen nitidus?

Stimulation of epidermal and dermal antigen-presenting cells by exogenous antigens and allergens Signup and view all the answers

How do most clinicians and researchers view the relationship between lichen nitidus and lichen planus?

They favor the separation of these two diseases as distinct entities based on clinical, immunologic differences, and distinctive histologic changes Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Langerhans cells in the pathophysiology of lichen nitidus?

They activate a cell-mediated response and initiate lymphocyte accumulation in the skin Signup and view all the answers

Where are the most frequent sites of predilection for lichen nitidus?

Trunk Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes palmar lichen nitidus from lichen planus?

Keratotic spicules on the central, palmar surfaces Signup and view all the answers

Which phenomenon is observed in approximately 12% of cases of generalized lichen nitidus?

Koebner phenomenon Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential site of involvement that is less common for lichen nitidus?

Nails Signup and view all the answers

In which age group is palmoplantar involvement more common?

Older individuals Signup and view all the answers

What is a common location for hemorrhagic-purpuric lesions in actinic lichen nitidus?

Palms and distal extremities Signup and view all the answers

In which individuals does actinic lichen nitidus appear most commonly?

Dark-skinned individuals in areas of significant sun exposure Signup and view all the answers

What is a distinguishing feature of actinic lichen nitidus compared to other frictional lichenoid eruptions?

Histologic features of lichen nitidus Signup and view all the answers

What is the usual symptom presentation of lichen nitidus?

Usually asymptomatic with pruritus present in approximately 12% of cases Signup and view all the answers

What is the classic histologic pattern seen in 90% of lichen nitidus cases?

The "ball and claw" pattern with involvement of up to three dermal papillae Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Langerhans cells in the majority of lichen nitidus cases?

They are S100+ and CD1+ cells Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes actinic lichen nitidus from other frictional lichenoid eruptions?

Presence of transepidermal elimination of the inflammatory infiltrate Signup and view all the answers

What is a rare feature observed in about 10% of lichen nitidus cases?

Dyskeratotic cells and clefting at the dermal–epidermal junction Signup and view all the answers

Where are predilection sites for hemorrhagic-purpuric lesions in actinic lichen nitidus?

Lower limbs and feet Signup and view all the answers

What is a distinguishing feature of palmar lichen nitidus compared to lichen planus?

"Ball and claw" pattern in histologic examination Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical duration of lichen nitidus in two thirds of patients?

1 year Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a first-line treatment for lichen nitidus on the body?

Tacrolimus ointment Signup and view all the answers

What type of lesions develop as older lesions of lichen nitidus resolve?

New lesions Signup and view all the answers

For which subtype of lichen nitidus is acitretin a potential therapy?

Palmar disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the first-line systemic agent for pruritus in lichen nitidus?

Oral antihistamines Signup and view all the answers

Which medication has largely supplanted PUVA for generalized lichen nitidus?

Narrowband ultraviolet B Signup and view all the answers

What should be considered when deciding on systemic treatments for lichen nitidus?

Potential harm of treatment Signup and view all the answers

What type of disease warrants treatment in lichen nitidus?

Symptomatic and cosmetically disfiguring disease Signup and view all the answers

Which therapy is most successful when combined with skin-directed therapies such as topical steroids or phototherapy?

Oral glucocorticoids Signup and view all the answers

What is a rarely indicated systemic treatment for lichen nitidus?

Prednisone Signup and view all the answers

Which condition may lead to T-helper type 2 (Th2) cell polarization in lichen nitidus?

Atopic dermatitis Signup and view all the answers

What has been reported about the genetic factors of lichen nitidus?

No significant genetic association reported Signup and view all the answers

What is the classic histologic pattern seen in 90% of lichen nitidus cases?

Lymphocyte, histiocytes, and foreign body or Touton-type giant cells forming a “ball and claw” pattern Signup and view all the answers

Which cells predominate in the infiltrate of lichen nitidus cases?

T lymphocytes (CD4+ cells over CD8+) Signup and view all the answers

What may be seen with clinical variants of lichen nitidus, such as palmar lesions?

Parakeratotic plug Signup and view all the answers

In actinic lichen nitidus, where are purpuric or hemorrhagic lesions associated with capillary wall degeneration and red blood cell extravasation most likely to occur?

Areas of maximal sun exposure Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells have been reported to predominate in the infiltrate of lichen nitidus?

T lymphocytes (CD4+ cells over CD8+) Signup and view all the answers

Which features may be rarely observed in lichen nitidus cases?

Colloid bodies Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical duration of lichen nitidus in two thirds of patients?

Less than 1 year Signup and view all the answers

What is the first-line topical treatment for lichen nitidus?

Topical corticosteroids Signup and view all the answers

What is the first-line systemic agent for pruritus in lichen nitidus?

Diphenhydramine Signup and view all the answers

Which systemic therapy is rarely indicated in lichen nitidus and should be reserved for more symptomatic and cosmetically disfiguring disease?

Cyclosporine Signup and view all the answers

What medication may hasten resolution of more extensive, generalized, or symptomatic lichen nitidus?

$0.3 mg/kg$ prednisone Signup and view all the answers

Which therapy has largely supplanted PUVA for generalized lichen nitidus?

Narrowband ultraviolet B Signup and view all the answers

For which subtype of lichen nitidus is acitretin a potential therapy?

$ ext{Hyperkeratotic palmar disease}$ Signup and view all the answers

What is a distinguishing feature of palmar lichen nitidus compared to lichen planus?

$ ext{Pruritus}$ Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential site of involvement that is less common for lichen nitidus?

Face Signup and view all the answers

What should be considered when deciding on systemic treatments for lichen nitidus?

Potential harm of treatment vs. the relatively benign nature of lichen nitidus. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Langerhans cells in the majority of lichen nitidus cases?

Causing granuloma formation. Signup and view all the answers

What cells predominate in the infiltrate of lichen nitidus cases?

T lymphocytes Signup and view all the answers

In lichen nitidus, what is the distinguishing feature of palmar lesions?

Deep parakeratotic plug Signup and view all the answers

Which type of lesions are associated with capillary wall degeneration and red blood cell extravasation in lichen nitidus?

Purpuric or hemorrhagic lesions Signup and view all the answers

What is the classic histologic pattern seen in 90% of lichen nitidus cases?

"Ball and claw" pattern Signup and view all the answers

What is rarely seen in lichen nitidus cases, with only about 10% of cases showing this feature?

Colloid bodies Signup and view all the answers

Where do perforating lesions tend to occur in lichen nitidus?

Areas of friction Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical duration of lichen nitidus in two thirds of patients?

1 year Signup and view all the answers

What is the first-line topical treatment for lichen nitidus?

Mid- to high-potency topical corticosteroids Signup and view all the answers

Which therapy has largely supplanted PUVA for generalized lichen nitidus?

Narrowband ultraviolet B Signup and view all the answers

Which systemic therapy is rarely indicated in lichen nitidus and should be reserved for more symptomatic and cosmetically disfiguring disease?

Low-dose oral glucocorticoids Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells have been reported to predominate in the infiltrate of lichen nitidus cases?

Lymphocytes Signup and view all the answers

What type of disease warrants treatment in lichen nitidus?

More symptomatic and cosmetically disfiguring disease Signup and view all the answers

Epidemiology and Characteristics of Lichen Nitidus

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Questions and Answers

What may lead to T-helper type 2 (Th2) cell polarization in lichen nitidus?

Which conditions have been associated with lichen nitidus?

What has been reported about the genetic factors of lichen nitidus?

What is the current understanding of the epidemiology of lichen nitidus?

How is lichen nitidus currently regarded in terms of its pathophysiology?

What theory supports the formation of discrete inflammatory papules in lichen nitidus?

How do most clinicians and researchers view the relationship between lichen nitidus and lichen planus?

What is the role of Langerhans cells in the pathophysiology of lichen nitidus?

Where are the most frequent sites of predilection for lichen nitidus?

What distinguishes palmar lichen nitidus from lichen planus?

Which phenomenon is observed in approximately 12% of cases of generalized lichen nitidus?

What is a potential site of involvement that is less common for lichen nitidus?

In which age group is palmoplantar involvement more common?

What is a common location for hemorrhagic-purpuric lesions in actinic lichen nitidus?

In which individuals does actinic lichen nitidus appear most commonly?

What is a distinguishing feature of actinic lichen nitidus compared to other frictional lichenoid eruptions?

What is the usual symptom presentation of lichen nitidus?

What is the classic histologic pattern seen in 90% of lichen nitidus cases?

What is the role of Langerhans cells in the majority of lichen nitidus cases?

What distinguishes actinic lichen nitidus from other frictional lichenoid eruptions?

What is a rare feature observed in about 10% of lichen nitidus cases?

Where are predilection sites for hemorrhagic-purpuric lesions in actinic lichen nitidus?

What is a distinguishing feature of palmar lichen nitidus compared to lichen planus?

What is the typical duration of lichen nitidus in two thirds of patients?

Which of the following is a first-line treatment for lichen nitidus on the body?

What type of lesions develop as older lesions of lichen nitidus resolve?

For which subtype of lichen nitidus is acitretin a potential therapy?

What is the first-line systemic agent for pruritus in lichen nitidus?

Which medication has largely supplanted PUVA for generalized lichen nitidus?

What should be considered when deciding on systemic treatments for lichen nitidus?

What type of disease warrants treatment in lichen nitidus?

Which therapy is most successful when combined with skin-directed therapies such as topical steroids or phototherapy?

What is a rarely indicated systemic treatment for lichen nitidus?

Which condition may lead to T-helper type 2 (Th2) cell polarization in lichen nitidus?

What has been reported about the genetic factors of lichen nitidus?

What is the classic histologic pattern seen in 90% of lichen nitidus cases?

Which cells predominate in the infiltrate of lichen nitidus cases?

What may be seen with clinical variants of lichen nitidus, such as palmar lesions?

In actinic lichen nitidus, where are purpuric or hemorrhagic lesions associated with capillary wall degeneration and red blood cell extravasation most likely to occur?

What type of cells have been reported to predominate in the infiltrate of lichen nitidus?

Which features may be rarely observed in lichen nitidus cases?

What is the typical duration of lichen nitidus in two thirds of patients?

What is the first-line topical treatment for lichen nitidus?

What is the first-line systemic agent for pruritus in lichen nitidus?

Which systemic therapy is rarely indicated in lichen nitidus and should be reserved for more symptomatic and cosmetically disfiguring disease?

What medication may hasten resolution of more extensive, generalized, or symptomatic lichen nitidus?

Which therapy has largely supplanted PUVA for generalized lichen nitidus?

For which subtype of lichen nitidus is acitretin a potential therapy?

What is a distinguishing feature of palmar lichen nitidus compared to lichen planus?

What is a potential site of involvement that is less common for lichen nitidus?

What should be considered when deciding on systemic treatments for lichen nitidus?

What is the role of Langerhans cells in the majority of lichen nitidus cases?

What cells predominate in the infiltrate of lichen nitidus cases?

In lichen nitidus, what is the distinguishing feature of palmar lesions?

Which type of lesions are associated with capillary wall degeneration and red blood cell extravasation in lichen nitidus?

What is the classic histologic pattern seen in 90% of lichen nitidus cases?

What is rarely seen in lichen nitidus cases, with only about 10% of cases showing this feature?

Where do perforating lesions tend to occur in lichen nitidus?

What is the typical duration of lichen nitidus in two thirds of patients?

What is the first-line topical treatment for lichen nitidus?

Which therapy has largely supplanted PUVA for generalized lichen nitidus?

Which systemic therapy is rarely indicated in lichen nitidus and should be reserved for more symptomatic and cosmetically disfiguring disease?

What type of cells have been reported to predominate in the infiltrate of lichen nitidus cases?

What type of disease warrants treatment in lichen nitidus?

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