24 Questions
Which of the following represents a systematic error in epidemiological studies?
Bias
What does the absence of an association between a risk factor and a disease necessarily imply?
There is no causal relationship
According to Hill's causal criteria, which consideration refers to the magnitude of the relative risk or odds ratio?
Biologic gradient
What does the concept of temporality in causal relationships imply?
It indicates a causal relationship
Which of the following is a consideration in Hill's causal criteria related to the absence of conflict in causal relationships?
Coherence
In epidemiological studies, what does the term 'confounding' refer to?
Alternative explanation
What does the concept of 'strength' in Hill's causal criteria indicate?
The magnitude of relative risk or odds ratio
Which of the following is a consideration in Hill's causal criteria related to the ability to reproduce a relationship in experimental settings?
Experimental evidence
What does the concept of 'consistency' in Hill's causal criteria refer to?
Different articles publishing results in the same way
In epidemiological studies, what does the term 'chance' refer to?
Random error
According to Hill's causal criteria, which consideration refers to the ability to remove other potential causes?
Specificity
What does the concept of 'plausibility' in Hill's causal criteria indicate?
Can be explained by any theory
In Hill's causal criteria, which consideration refers to the ability to remove other potential causes?
Specificity
In epidemiological studies, what does the term 'chance' refer to?
Random error
What does the concept of 'plausibility' in Hill's causal criteria indicate?
Ability to explain by any theory
According to Hill's causal criteria, which consideration refers to the magnitude of the relative risk or odds ratio?
Strength
What does the concept of 'strength' in Hill's causal criteria indicate?
Magnitude of the relative risk or odds ratio
Which of the following represents a systematic error in epidemiological studies?
Bias
What does the concept of temporality in causal relationships imply?
Order of events
Which of the following is a consideration in Hill's causal criteria related to the absence of conflict in causal relationships?
Coherence
What does the absence of an association between a risk factor and a disease necessarily imply?
Absence of a causal relationship
What does the concept of 'consistency' in Hill's causal criteria refer to?
Results in the same way from different studies
Which of the following is a consideration in Hill's causal criteria related to the ability to reproduce a relationship in experimental settings?
Experimental evidence
According to Hill's causal criteria, which consideration refers to the ability to remove other potential causes?
Specificity
Test your knowledge of epidemiological concepts with this quiz on chance, bias, and confounding. Learn about the different sources of error in epidemiological studies and how they can impact the observed statistical association between exposure and disease.
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