Epidemiologic Study Design Quiz

A testable statement predicting a relationship between exposure and disease in a specific population.

Key components that must be defined: population, exposure, disease, induction period, expected change, cofactors, mechanism, and sample size.

A factor potentially associated with a health outcome (disease).

A variable that can influence both exposure and disease, potentially masking the true relationship.

Various ways to collect information for a study: interviews, questionnaires, records, exams, and biological samples.

Ethics committees that review research protocols involving human subjects to ensure ethical conduct.

A proposed explanation for an observation that predicts a relationship between factors.

The biological pathway through which an exposure leads to a disease.

The level of aggregation at which data is collected in an epidemiologic study. It can range from the individual to entire populations.

Data collected on individual people, allowing for detailed analysis of their characteristics and experiences.

Data collected on groups of individuals, such as communities or regions. Useful for assessing trends and patterns.

Data collected over time on the same individuals, allowing for tracking changes and establishing cause-and-effect relationships.

Data collected at a single point in time, providing a snapshot of factors and health outcomes.

The ability to determine the order in which events occur, crucial for establishing causality in epidemiologic research.

Research focused on identifying causes of disease or health conditions.

The point in time when a person's blood tests positive for an antibody, indicating infection.

Longitudinal studies track individuals over time, while cross-sectional studies examine a snapshot of data at a single point in time.

Factors that don't change significantly over time, like genetics or deeply ingrained habits.

A research design that follows a group of people with similar characteristics over time to observe disease development.

A research design that compares people with a disease (cases) to those without the disease (controls) to identify risk factors.

Retrospective studies look back at past events, while prospective studies follow individuals forward in time.

Cohort studies start with a disease-free group, while case-control studies start with people who have the disease.

The process of selecting a representative group of individuals from a larger population for a study.

A testable prediction that proposes a relationship between an exposure and a disease outcome.

A group in a study that is not exposed to the factor being investigated. They act as a comparison point to see if the exposure has an effect.

A type of study where researchers observe and record data about existing groups without manipulating any factors.

A study where researchers actively control and manipulate the exposure to see its effects.

A study that follows individuals over time to track changes in exposure and outcome.

A study that captures data at a single point in time, providing a snapshot of a population.

A type of experimental study where participants are randomly assigned to receive an exposure or control.