Rickettsia Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which tick-borne rickettsial disease is caused by R. japonica and located along the coast of southwestern and central Japan and in northeastern Thailand?

  • SENLAT
  • Queensland Tick Typhus
  • Far-Eastern Tick-Borne Rickettsiosis
  • Japanese or Oriental Spotted Fever (correct)

    • What causes epidemic typhus?

  • Plasmodium falciparum
  • Yersinia pestis
  • Rickettsia prowazekii (correct)
  • Salmonella typhi

    • Which disease is caused by the bacterium Rickettsia akari and transmitted to humans by mites?

  • Rickettsialpox (correct)
  • Queensland Tick Typhus
  • Rickettsia parkeri Rickettsiosis
  • African Tick-Bite Fever

    • What is the recommended doxycycline dose for children with suspected epidemic typhus?

    <p>100-mg single dose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disease is characterized by a rash that is frequently purpuric, with eschar rarely found?

    <p>Indian tick typhus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of rickettsialpox?

    <p>House mouse mite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the causative agent of murine typhus?

    <p>Rickettsia typhi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of bacteria causes tick-borne rickettsioses?

    <p>Spotted fever group of Rickettsia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mode of transmission of rickettsialpox?

    <p>Mite bites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of rickettsia causes Astrakhan fever?

    <p>R. conorii caspia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tick-borne rickettsial disease occurs primarily in Australia and may also occur in Thailand, Sri Lanka, and Italy?

    <p>Flinders Islands Spotted Fever</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tick vectors are associated with Astrakhan fever?

    <p>Rh. sanguineus, Rhipicephalus pumilio</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disease has been reported in several countries including the USA, Ukraine, Croatia, South Korea, Turkey, and The Netherlands?

    <p>Rickettsialpox</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended drug for treating tick-borne rickettsioses?

    <p>Doxycycline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the typical symptoms of rickettsialpox?

    <p>Fever, headache, and rash</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distinguishing feature of Indian tick typhus?

    <p>Purpuric rash</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the risk of teeth staining associated with a single dose or short course of doxycycline in young children?

    <p>Low risk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of infestation is most commonly associated with rickettsialpox?

    <p>House mouse infestation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are humans infected with murine typhus?

    <p>Through inoculation of infective rats' flea feces into the flea bite site</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mode of transmission for epidemic typhus?

    <p>Body lice bites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Is there any particular clinical or epidemiologic feature that distinguishes epidemic typhus in children from that in adults?

    <p>No, there is no distinct feature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the typical symptoms of rickettsialpox?

    <p>Fever, rash, and eschars</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mortality rate of spotted fever group with inoculation eschar?

    <p>2.5%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is rickettsialpox transmitted to humans?

    <p>By the bite of the house mouse mite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Are there any commercially available vaccines for tick-borne rickettsioses?

    <p>No</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which areas is murine typhus widely distributed?

    <p>Tropical and sub-tropical areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is most commonly affected by epidemic typhus?

    <p>Impoverished or displaced people in cold-weather conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tick-borne rickettsial disease is caused by R. heilongjiangensis and mostly affects older populations in far-eastern territories of Russia and northern China?

    <p>Far-Eastern Tick-Borne Rickettsiosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disease is mainly found in Sub-Saharan Africa and the West Indies?

    <p>African Tick-Bite Fever</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of rickettsia causes Israeli spotted fever?

    <p>R. conorii israelensis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the symptoms of Siberian tick typhus?

    <p>High fever, headache, myalgia, arthralgia, and an inoculation eschar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tick-borne rickettsial disease is caused by R. australis and occurs only down the east coast of Australia?

    <p>Queensland Tick Typhus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tick vectors are associated with SENLAT?

    <p>Dermacentor marginatus, Dermacentor reticulatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the primary reservoirs of R. typhi?

    <p>Commensal rats, mainly Rattus rattus and R. norvegicus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disease is characterized by a single eschar (95%) at the site of inoculation, as well as a rash with any type of lesion (46%), including maculopapules (24%) and vesiculopustules (21%)?

    <p>African Tick-Bite Fever</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of rickettsialpox?

    <p>Nausea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the symptoms of epidemic typhus?

    <p>Fever, headache, myalgia, rash, vasculitis, and gangrene of extremities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the therapy of choice for rickettsialpox?

    <p>Doxycycline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is rickettsialpox diagnosed?

    <p>By serology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where can tick-borne rickettsioses be found?

    <p>Globally</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is recommended as the therapy of choice for rickettsialpox?

    <p>Doxycycline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the best tool for isolating intracellular bacteria in tick-borne rickettsioses?

    <p>Shell vial culture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of rickettsia causes Lymphangitis-associated rickettsiosis?

    <p>R. sibirica mongolitimonae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the main vectors of R. typhi?

    <p>Rat flea or cat flea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disease has been reported in several countries including the USA, Argentina, Uruguay, and Brazil?

    <p>Rickettsia parkeri Rickettsiosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is epidemic typhus diagnosed?

    <p>Based on both clinical suspicion and serology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disease is characterized by a typical scalp eschar with cervical lymphadenopathy, as well as alopecia and chronic fatigue?

    <p>SENLAT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disease is characterized by a single eschar (74%) at the site of inoculation, as well as a rash with any type of lesion (84%), including maculopapules (79%) and vesiculopustules (62%)?

    <p>Queensland Tick Typhus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended treatment for epidemic typhus?

    <p>A short course of doxycycline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the common symptoms of murine typhus?

    <p>Fever, headache, and rash</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disease is caused by Rickettsia and has been reported in central Europe and central and southern Africa?

    <p>Mediterranean Spotted Fever</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is African tick-bite fever caused by?

    <p>R. africae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an effective antibiotic for rickettsiosis?

    <p>Doxycycline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reservoir host of Rickettsia akari?

    <p>House mouse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most likely reservoir host of R. akari?

    <p>House mice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disease occurs predominantly in rural settings during spring and summer months and is generally associated with a rash (100%), eschar (77%), and lymphadenopathy?

    <p>Siberian tick typhus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the tick vector associated with R. sibirica sibirica?

    <p>Dermacentor nuttalli, Dermacentor marginatus, Dermacentor silvarum, Haemaphysalis concinna</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Is severe disease common in rickettsialpox?

    <p>No</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disease is mainly found in Australia?

    <p>Queensland Tick Typhus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Brill-Zinsser disease?

    <p>A relapse of the disease that can occur years after initial infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is at risk of developing complications from murine typhus?

    <p>Elderly patients and those with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibiotic is recommended for early empirical treatment of tick-borne rickettsioses before laboratory confirmation of the diagnosis?

    <p>Doxycycline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the common symptoms of African tick-bite fever?

    <p>Fever, nausea, headache, and neck myalgias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How soon after the appearance of the eschar do patients typically develop symptoms of rickettsialpox?

    <p>Within 2 to 7 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the hallmark of Mediterranean Spotted Fever?

    <p>A rash</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disease is caused by the bacterium Orientia tsutsugamushi and transmitted to humans by mites?

    <p>Scrub Typhus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of patients with African tick-bite fever have multiple eschars?

    <p>Up to 54%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Is there a vaccine available for rickettsialpox?

    <p>No</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of Mediterranean Spotted Fever cases are associated with severe disease?

    <p>5% to 6%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disease presents with a classic single eschar and a maculopapular, generalized rash (97%)?

    <p>Spotted fever group with inoculation eschar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is rickettsialpox typically diagnosed?

    <p>By serology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is murine typhus diagnosed?

    <p>Based on laboratory diagnostic assays</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibiotic can be used as an alternative to doxycycline in children and pregnant women?

    <p>Macrolides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where in the world can epidemic typhus occur?

    <p>Potentially worldwide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes the emergence and re-emergence of tick-borne rickettsioses?

    <p>Changes in environment and human behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a recommended treatment for rickettsialpox?

    <p>Vancomycin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tick-borne rickettsial disease is caused by R. philipi and has been reported in California, mostly in children?

    <p>Pacific Coast Tick Fever</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the treatment options for murine typhus?

    <p>Doxycycline and fluoroquinolones (Chloramphenicol is technically an option)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of African tick-bite fever?

    <p>Generalized rash</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can epidemic typhus be controlled?

    <p>De-lousing both individuals and populations and providing hygienic conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disease is similar to Mediterranean spotted fever, but with less frequent eschars?

    <p>Israeli spotted fever</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disease is characterized by a single eschar (46%) at the site of inoculation, as well as a rash with any type of lesion (34%), including maculopapules (34%) and vesiculopustules (not reported)?

    <p>Scrub Typhus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the best way to prevent rickettsialpox?

    <p>Controlling house mice and using acaricides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a possible sample for diagnosis of rickettsiosis?

    <p>Urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some possible differential diagnoses for epidemic typhus?

    <p>Typhoid, murine typhus, other rickettsioses, malaria, and hemorrhagic fevers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the rare complications of African tick-bite fever?

    <p>Long-lasting fever, reactive arthritis, and neuropsychiatric symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the alternative therapy for rickettsialpox if doxycycline cannot be used?

    <p>Chloramphenicol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can infection with murine typhus be effectively prevented?

    <p>Through flea and rodent control measures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When were vaccines against epidemic typhus first developed?

    <p>1920</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the incubation period of murine typhus?

    <p>1-2 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of rickettsia causes Indian tick typhus?

    <p>R. conorii indica</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which countries has rickettsialpox been reported?

    <p>USA, Ukraine, Croatia, South Korea, Turkey, and The Netherlands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of animals do ticks parasitize?

    <p>Vertebrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not recommended for tick-bite prophylaxis?

    <p>Antibiotic prophylaxis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Are there vaccines available for epidemic typhus?

    <p>No, there are no vaccines available</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do most cases of rickettsialpox originate?

    <p>Urban settings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reported case fatality rate for rickettsialpox?

    <p>0%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Can murine typhus be transmitted from person to person?

    <p>No, it can only be transmitted through flea bites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic clinical presentation of rickettsialpox?

    <p>Fever, eschars, and rash</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Mediterranean Spotted Fever cause severe disease?

    <p>Disseminated vasculitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long can the incubation period for epidemic typhus be?

    <p>2-3 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    • Epidemic typhus is caused by Rickettsia prowazekii and is transmitted by body lice.
    • It mainly affects impoverished or displaced people in cold-weather conditions.
    • Symptoms include fever, headache, myalgia, rash, vasculitis, and gangrene of extremities.
    • Diagnosis is usually based on clinical suspicion and serology is available.
    • Treatment involves a single 200-mg dose or short course of doxycycline.
    • Brill-Zinsser disease is a relapse of the disease that can occur years after initial infection.
    • Epidemic typhus has a potentially worldwide distribution and outbreaks have been reported in different regions of the world.
    • Control efforts should focus on de-lousing both individuals and populations and providing hygienic conditions.
    • Differential diagnosis includes typhoid, murine typhus, other rickettsioses, malaria, and hemorrhagic fevers.
    • Vaccines against epidemic typhus have existed since 1920, but there is currently no commercially available vaccine.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on epidemic typhus, a disease caused by Rickettsia prowazekii and transmitted by body lice. This quiz covers its symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and control, as well as differential diagnosis and potential worldwide distribution. Learn about the importance of de-lousing and providing hygienic conditions to prevent outbreaks. See if you know about Brill-Zinsser disease, a relapse of the disease that can occur years after initial infection, and vaccines against epidemic ty

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