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Questions and Answers
Which tick-borne rickettsial disease is caused by R. japonica and located along the coast of southwestern and central Japan and in northeastern Thailand?
Which tick-borne rickettsial disease is caused by R. japonica and located along the coast of southwestern and central Japan and in northeastern Thailand?
- SENLAT
- Queensland Tick Typhus
- Far-Eastern Tick-Borne Rickettsiosis
- Japanese or Oriental Spotted Fever (correct)
What causes epidemic typhus?
What causes epidemic typhus?
- Plasmodium falciparum
- Yersinia pestis
- Rickettsia prowazekii (correct)
- Salmonella typhi
Which disease is caused by the bacterium Rickettsia akari and transmitted to humans by mites?
Which disease is caused by the bacterium Rickettsia akari and transmitted to humans by mites?
- Rickettsialpox (correct)
- Queensland Tick Typhus
- Rickettsia parkeri Rickettsiosis
- African Tick-Bite Fever
What is the recommended doxycycline dose for children with suspected epidemic typhus?
What is the recommended doxycycline dose for children with suspected epidemic typhus?
Which disease is characterized by a rash that is frequently purpuric, with eschar rarely found?
Which disease is characterized by a rash that is frequently purpuric, with eschar rarely found?
What is the primary cause of rickettsialpox?
What is the primary cause of rickettsialpox?
What is the causative agent of murine typhus?
What is the causative agent of murine typhus?
Which group of bacteria causes tick-borne rickettsioses?
Which group of bacteria causes tick-borne rickettsioses?
What is the primary mode of transmission of rickettsialpox?
What is the primary mode of transmission of rickettsialpox?
Which type of rickettsia causes Astrakhan fever?
Which type of rickettsia causes Astrakhan fever?
Which tick-borne rickettsial disease occurs primarily in Australia and may also occur in Thailand, Sri Lanka, and Italy?
Which tick-borne rickettsial disease occurs primarily in Australia and may also occur in Thailand, Sri Lanka, and Italy?
Which tick vectors are associated with Astrakhan fever?
Which tick vectors are associated with Astrakhan fever?
Which disease has been reported in several countries including the USA, Ukraine, Croatia, South Korea, Turkey, and The Netherlands?
Which disease has been reported in several countries including the USA, Ukraine, Croatia, South Korea, Turkey, and The Netherlands?
What is the recommended drug for treating tick-borne rickettsioses?
What is the recommended drug for treating tick-borne rickettsioses?
What are the typical symptoms of rickettsialpox?
What are the typical symptoms of rickettsialpox?
What is the distinguishing feature of Indian tick typhus?
What is the distinguishing feature of Indian tick typhus?
What is the risk of teeth staining associated with a single dose or short course of doxycycline in young children?
What is the risk of teeth staining associated with a single dose or short course of doxycycline in young children?
What type of infestation is most commonly associated with rickettsialpox?
What type of infestation is most commonly associated with rickettsialpox?
How are humans infected with murine typhus?
How are humans infected with murine typhus?
What is the mode of transmission for epidemic typhus?
What is the mode of transmission for epidemic typhus?
Is there any particular clinical or epidemiologic feature that distinguishes epidemic typhus in children from that in adults?
Is there any particular clinical or epidemiologic feature that distinguishes epidemic typhus in children from that in adults?
What are the typical symptoms of rickettsialpox?
What are the typical symptoms of rickettsialpox?
What is the mortality rate of spotted fever group with inoculation eschar?
What is the mortality rate of spotted fever group with inoculation eschar?
How is rickettsialpox transmitted to humans?
How is rickettsialpox transmitted to humans?
Are there any commercially available vaccines for tick-borne rickettsioses?
Are there any commercially available vaccines for tick-borne rickettsioses?
In which areas is murine typhus widely distributed?
In which areas is murine typhus widely distributed?
Who is most commonly affected by epidemic typhus?
Who is most commonly affected by epidemic typhus?
Which tick-borne rickettsial disease is caused by R. heilongjiangensis and mostly affects older populations in far-eastern territories of Russia and northern China?
Which tick-borne rickettsial disease is caused by R. heilongjiangensis and mostly affects older populations in far-eastern territories of Russia and northern China?
Which disease is mainly found in Sub-Saharan Africa and the West Indies?
Which disease is mainly found in Sub-Saharan Africa and the West Indies?
Which type of rickettsia causes Israeli spotted fever?
Which type of rickettsia causes Israeli spotted fever?
What are the symptoms of Siberian tick typhus?
What are the symptoms of Siberian tick typhus?
Which tick-borne rickettsial disease is caused by R. australis and occurs only down the east coast of Australia?
Which tick-borne rickettsial disease is caused by R. australis and occurs only down the east coast of Australia?
Which tick vectors are associated with SENLAT?
Which tick vectors are associated with SENLAT?
What are the primary reservoirs of R. typhi?
What are the primary reservoirs of R. typhi?
Which disease is characterized by a single eschar (95%) at the site of inoculation, as well as a rash with any type of lesion (46%), including maculopapules (24%) and vesiculopustules (21%)?
Which disease is characterized by a single eschar (95%) at the site of inoculation, as well as a rash with any type of lesion (46%), including maculopapules (24%) and vesiculopustules (21%)?
Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of rickettsialpox?
Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of rickettsialpox?
What are the symptoms of epidemic typhus?
What are the symptoms of epidemic typhus?
What is the therapy of choice for rickettsialpox?
What is the therapy of choice for rickettsialpox?
How is rickettsialpox diagnosed?
How is rickettsialpox diagnosed?
Where can tick-borne rickettsioses be found?
Where can tick-borne rickettsioses be found?
Which drug is recommended as the therapy of choice for rickettsialpox?
Which drug is recommended as the therapy of choice for rickettsialpox?
What is the best tool for isolating intracellular bacteria in tick-borne rickettsioses?
What is the best tool for isolating intracellular bacteria in tick-borne rickettsioses?
Which type of rickettsia causes Lymphangitis-associated rickettsiosis?
Which type of rickettsia causes Lymphangitis-associated rickettsiosis?
What are the main vectors of R. typhi?
What are the main vectors of R. typhi?
Which disease has been reported in several countries including the USA, Argentina, Uruguay, and Brazil?
Which disease has been reported in several countries including the USA, Argentina, Uruguay, and Brazil?
How is epidemic typhus diagnosed?
How is epidemic typhus diagnosed?
Which disease is characterized by a typical scalp eschar with cervical lymphadenopathy, as well as alopecia and chronic fatigue?
Which disease is characterized by a typical scalp eschar with cervical lymphadenopathy, as well as alopecia and chronic fatigue?
Which disease is characterized by a single eschar (74%) at the site of inoculation, as well as a rash with any type of lesion (84%), including maculopapules (79%) and vesiculopustules (62%)?
Which disease is characterized by a single eschar (74%) at the site of inoculation, as well as a rash with any type of lesion (84%), including maculopapules (79%) and vesiculopustules (62%)?
What is the recommended treatment for epidemic typhus?
What is the recommended treatment for epidemic typhus?
What are the common symptoms of murine typhus?
What are the common symptoms of murine typhus?
Which disease is caused by Rickettsia and has been reported in central Europe and central and southern Africa?
Which disease is caused by Rickettsia and has been reported in central Europe and central and southern Africa?
What is African tick-bite fever caused by?
What is African tick-bite fever caused by?
Which of the following is an effective antibiotic for rickettsiosis?
Which of the following is an effective antibiotic for rickettsiosis?
What is the reservoir host of Rickettsia akari?
What is the reservoir host of Rickettsia akari?
What is the most likely reservoir host of R. akari?
What is the most likely reservoir host of R. akari?
Which disease occurs predominantly in rural settings during spring and summer months and is generally associated with a rash (100%), eschar (77%), and lymphadenopathy?
Which disease occurs predominantly in rural settings during spring and summer months and is generally associated with a rash (100%), eschar (77%), and lymphadenopathy?
What is the tick vector associated with R. sibirica sibirica?
What is the tick vector associated with R. sibirica sibirica?
Is severe disease common in rickettsialpox?
Is severe disease common in rickettsialpox?
Which disease is mainly found in Australia?
Which disease is mainly found in Australia?
What is Brill-Zinsser disease?
What is Brill-Zinsser disease?
Who is at risk of developing complications from murine typhus?
Who is at risk of developing complications from murine typhus?
Which antibiotic is recommended for early empirical treatment of tick-borne rickettsioses before laboratory confirmation of the diagnosis?
Which antibiotic is recommended for early empirical treatment of tick-borne rickettsioses before laboratory confirmation of the diagnosis?
What are the common symptoms of African tick-bite fever?
What are the common symptoms of African tick-bite fever?
How soon after the appearance of the eschar do patients typically develop symptoms of rickettsialpox?
How soon after the appearance of the eschar do patients typically develop symptoms of rickettsialpox?
What is the hallmark of Mediterranean Spotted Fever?
What is the hallmark of Mediterranean Spotted Fever?
Which disease is caused by the bacterium Orientia tsutsugamushi and transmitted to humans by mites?
Which disease is caused by the bacterium Orientia tsutsugamushi and transmitted to humans by mites?
What percentage of patients with African tick-bite fever have multiple eschars?
What percentage of patients with African tick-bite fever have multiple eschars?
Is there a vaccine available for rickettsialpox?
Is there a vaccine available for rickettsialpox?
What percentage of Mediterranean Spotted Fever cases are associated with severe disease?
What percentage of Mediterranean Spotted Fever cases are associated with severe disease?
Which disease presents with a classic single eschar and a maculopapular, generalized rash (97%)?
Which disease presents with a classic single eschar and a maculopapular, generalized rash (97%)?
How is rickettsialpox typically diagnosed?
How is rickettsialpox typically diagnosed?
How is murine typhus diagnosed?
How is murine typhus diagnosed?
Which antibiotic can be used as an alternative to doxycycline in children and pregnant women?
Which antibiotic can be used as an alternative to doxycycline in children and pregnant women?
Where in the world can epidemic typhus occur?
Where in the world can epidemic typhus occur?
What causes the emergence and re-emergence of tick-borne rickettsioses?
What causes the emergence and re-emergence of tick-borne rickettsioses?
Which of the following is NOT a recommended treatment for rickettsialpox?
Which of the following is NOT a recommended treatment for rickettsialpox?
Which tick-borne rickettsial disease is caused by R. philipi and has been reported in California, mostly in children?
Which tick-borne rickettsial disease is caused by R. philipi and has been reported in California, mostly in children?
What are the treatment options for murine typhus?
What are the treatment options for murine typhus?
What is a common symptom of African tick-bite fever?
What is a common symptom of African tick-bite fever?
How can epidemic typhus be controlled?
How can epidemic typhus be controlled?
Which disease is similar to Mediterranean spotted fever, but with less frequent eschars?
Which disease is similar to Mediterranean spotted fever, but with less frequent eschars?
Which disease is characterized by a single eschar (46%) at the site of inoculation, as well as a rash with any type of lesion (34%), including maculopapules (34%) and vesiculopustules (not reported)?
Which disease is characterized by a single eschar (46%) at the site of inoculation, as well as a rash with any type of lesion (34%), including maculopapules (34%) and vesiculopustules (not reported)?
What is the best way to prevent rickettsialpox?
What is the best way to prevent rickettsialpox?
Which of the following is not a possible sample for diagnosis of rickettsiosis?
Which of the following is not a possible sample for diagnosis of rickettsiosis?
What are some possible differential diagnoses for epidemic typhus?
What are some possible differential diagnoses for epidemic typhus?
What are the rare complications of African tick-bite fever?
What are the rare complications of African tick-bite fever?
What is the alternative therapy for rickettsialpox if doxycycline cannot be used?
What is the alternative therapy for rickettsialpox if doxycycline cannot be used?
How can infection with murine typhus be effectively prevented?
How can infection with murine typhus be effectively prevented?
When were vaccines against epidemic typhus first developed?
When were vaccines against epidemic typhus first developed?
What is the incubation period of murine typhus?
What is the incubation period of murine typhus?
Which type of rickettsia causes Indian tick typhus?
Which type of rickettsia causes Indian tick typhus?
In which countries has rickettsialpox been reported?
In which countries has rickettsialpox been reported?
Which group of animals do ticks parasitize?
Which group of animals do ticks parasitize?
Which of the following is not recommended for tick-bite prophylaxis?
Which of the following is not recommended for tick-bite prophylaxis?
Are there vaccines available for epidemic typhus?
Are there vaccines available for epidemic typhus?
Where do most cases of rickettsialpox originate?
Where do most cases of rickettsialpox originate?
What is the reported case fatality rate for rickettsialpox?
What is the reported case fatality rate for rickettsialpox?
Can murine typhus be transmitted from person to person?
Can murine typhus be transmitted from person to person?
What is the characteristic clinical presentation of rickettsialpox?
What is the characteristic clinical presentation of rickettsialpox?
How does Mediterranean Spotted Fever cause severe disease?
How does Mediterranean Spotted Fever cause severe disease?
How long can the incubation period for epidemic typhus be?
How long can the incubation period for epidemic typhus be?
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Study Notes
- Epidemic typhus is caused by Rickettsia prowazekii and is transmitted by body lice.
- It mainly affects impoverished or displaced people in cold-weather conditions.
- Symptoms include fever, headache, myalgia, rash, vasculitis, and gangrene of extremities.
- Diagnosis is usually based on clinical suspicion and serology is available.
- Treatment involves a single 200-mg dose or short course of doxycycline.
- Brill-Zinsser disease is a relapse of the disease that can occur years after initial infection.
- Epidemic typhus has a potentially worldwide distribution and outbreaks have been reported in different regions of the world.
- Control efforts should focus on de-lousing both individuals and populations and providing hygienic conditions.
- Differential diagnosis includes typhoid, murine typhus, other rickettsioses, malaria, and hemorrhagic fevers.
- Vaccines against epidemic typhus have existed since 1920, but there is currently no commercially available vaccine.
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