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Questions and Answers
Which of the following parasites is associated with eosinophilia in the liver?
Which of the following parasites is associated with eosinophilia in the liver?
What is the primary site of infection for Strongyloides Stercoralis?
What is the primary site of infection for Strongyloides Stercoralis?
Which parasite is NOT classified as a tissue nematode?
Which parasite is NOT classified as a tissue nematode?
Which type of worms primarily affects the lungs through migrating larvae?
Which type of worms primarily affects the lungs through migrating larvae?
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Which of the following is a diagnostic criterion for eosinophilia?
Which of the following is a diagnostic criterion for eosinophilia?
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Angiostrongylus Cantonensis is primarily associated with which location in the host?
Angiostrongylus Cantonensis is primarily associated with which location in the host?
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Which parasite is known to cause eosinophilia associated with the urinary tract?
Which parasite is known to cause eosinophilia associated with the urinary tract?
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Which of these parasites is correctly matched with its tissue location?
Which of these parasites is correctly matched with its tissue location?
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Which parasite is a known cause of eosinophilia in the muscle?
Which parasite is a known cause of eosinophilia in the muscle?
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What is the significance of eosinophilia being related to presenting signs and symptoms?
What is the significance of eosinophilia being related to presenting signs and symptoms?
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What is the primary role of T-lymphocytes in the process of eosinophilia?
What is the primary role of T-lymphocytes in the process of eosinophilia?
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Which condition is most likely to cause marked and prolonged eosinophilia without an apparent cause?
Which condition is most likely to cause marked and prolonged eosinophilia without an apparent cause?
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Which of the following is NOT commonly associated with eosinophilia?
Which of the following is NOT commonly associated with eosinophilia?
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How do eosinophils primarily respond to repeated and/or prolonged antigen exposure?
How do eosinophils primarily respond to repeated and/or prolonged antigen exposure?
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What mechanism results in eosinopenia during acute inflammation?
What mechanism results in eosinopenia during acute inflammation?
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Which of the following might be associated as an occasional cause of eosinophilia?
Which of the following might be associated as an occasional cause of eosinophilia?
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What is the relationship between eosinophilia and hyper-eosinophilic syndrome?
What is the relationship between eosinophilia and hyper-eosinophilic syndrome?
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Which of the following drug types is often associated with eosinophilia?
Which of the following drug types is often associated with eosinophilia?
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What function do eosinophils share with neutrophils?
What function do eosinophils share with neutrophils?
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Which of the following is a common hematological finding in patients in the tropics?
Which of the following is a common hematological finding in patients in the tropics?
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Study Notes
Eosinophilia in the Tropics
- Eosinophilia is characterized by an elevated number of eosinophils, a type of white blood cell.
- Eosinophils are granulocytic leukocytes, similar to neutrophils in their life cycle, morphology, enzymes, metabolism, and phagocytosis.
- Acute inflammation stimulates neutrophil production and inhibits eosinophils, resulting in eosinopenia.
- Repeated or prolonged exposure to antigens, particularly those deposited in tissues, triggers eosinophilic stimulation.
- T-lymphocytes are involved in the response; they release proteins which stimulate bone marrow precursor cells to create more eosinophils.
ILO's Recommendations for Eosinophilia Diagnosis
- Understand eosinophilia terminology.
- Recognize common causes, understanding that they aren't always infectious.
- Develop a diagnostic approach to assess and accurately diagnose eosinophilia.
Eosinophilia Characteristics
- Often temporary and not harmful.
- Marked prolonged eosinophilia (without a clear cause) can result in eosinophilic syndromes, impacting organ systems.
- Examples of these include eosinophilic leukemia, Loeffler's endomyocardial disease, and prolonged pulmonary eosinophilia.
- Eosinophilia is a common haematological finding in tropical regions. It's seen in people with anemia, and travelers or immigrants arriving from developing countries.
Causes of Eosinophilia (Common and Occasional)
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Common:*
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Allergies (e.g., hay fever, urticaria, asthma)
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Parasite infections
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Medications (e.g., iodides, erythromycin, sulfonamides)
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Collagen vascular diseases (e.g., allergic angiitis, fasciitis, polyarteritis nodosa)
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Gastrointestinal issues (eosinophilic gastroenteritis)
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Eosinophilic syndromes
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Occasional:*
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Fungal infections (e.g., aspergillosis, coccidioidomycosis)
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Tuberculosis (TB)
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Cancers (e.g., lymphoma, lung/stomach tumors)
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Post-radiation therapy
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Miscellaneous disorders (e.g., chronic peritoneal dialysis, chronic active hepatitis, acute pancreatitis, insect bites, eosinophilic meningitis)
Worm Infections Associated with Eosinophilia
- Tissue Nematodes: Located in blood/lymphatics, skin/tissues, or gut; examples include Wuchereria Bancrofti, Brugia Malayi, and Strongyloides Stercoralis.
- Migrating Larvae: Ascaris Lumbricoides, Necator Americanus, and Ancylostoma Duodenale.
- Tissue Trematodes: Located in liver, lung, or urinary tract; examples include Schistosoma Mansoni, Schistosoma Japonicum, Fasciola hepatica, and Paragonimus Westermani.
- Tissue Cestodes: Located in liver, lung, and brain. An example of a parasitic species is Echinococcus Granulosus.
Diagnostic Approach
- Assess severity of eosinophilia (low, moderate, high).
- Determine if eosinophilia is related to presenting symptoms (e.g., in travelers).
- Consider if parasite infections are a possible cause.
- Evaluate potential causes like allergies, drugs, genetics, or exposure to infections.
- Consider blood tests, stool analysis, serology tests, skin biopsies, and radiological imaging to aid in diagnosis.
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Description
This quiz explores eosinophilia, focusing on its characteristics, causes, and diagnostic recommendations. Understand the role of eosinophils and T-lymphocytes in the response to prolonged antigen exposure. Enhance your knowledge about this condition, particularly in tropical regions.