Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which enzyme is responsible for digesting carbohydrates in the pancreas?
Which enzyme is responsible for digesting carbohydrates in the pancreas?
- pancreatic lipase
- pancreatic amylase (correct)
- nuclease
- trypsin
Which of the following enzymes is NOT involved in protein digestion?
Which of the following enzymes is NOT involved in protein digestion?
- trypsin
- nuclease
- maltase (correct)
- peptidase
Which vitamin is essential for the production of collagen and the absorption of iron?
Which vitamin is essential for the production of collagen and the absorption of iron?
- vitamin B6
- vitamin D
- vitamin A
- vitamin C (correct)
Which enzyme is responsible for breaking down lipids in the small intestine?
Which enzyme is responsible for breaking down lipids in the small intestine?
Which vitamin is a fat-soluble vitamin?
Which vitamin is a fat-soluble vitamin?
Which enzyme is involved in the digestion of proteins in the pancreas?
Which enzyme is involved in the digestion of proteins in the pancreas?
Which vitamin is essential for the normal growth of bones and teeth?
Which vitamin is essential for the normal growth of bones and teeth?
Which vitamin is involved in the production of DNA and red blood cells?
Which vitamin is involved in the production of DNA and red blood cells?
Which vitamin is necessary for the metabolism of fats?
Which vitamin is necessary for the metabolism of fats?
Which condition is characterized by the inflammation of the liver?
Which condition is characterized by the inflammation of the liver?
What is the name of the chronic liver disease in which normal tissue is replaced with scar tissue?
What is the name of the chronic liver disease in which normal tissue is replaced with scar tissue?
Which vitamin is necessary for protein synthesis?
Which vitamin is necessary for protein synthesis?
Which condition causes stomach acids to be pushed into the esophagus?
Which condition causes stomach acids to be pushed into the esophagus?
Which vitamin is necessary for the absorption of calcium?
Which vitamin is necessary for the absorption of calcium?
Which condition is characterized by the inflammation of the stomach lining?
Which condition is characterized by the inflammation of the stomach lining?
What is the name of the condition in which the stomach rises up through the diaphragm?
What is the name of the condition in which the stomach rises up through the diaphragm?
Which of the following conditions is a result of the breakdown of the lining of the stomach?
Which of the following conditions is a result of the breakdown of the lining of the stomach?
What is the term for the condition in which distended veins in the rectum or anus become irritated?
What is the term for the condition in which distended veins in the rectum or anus become irritated?
To minimize the risk of cirrhosis of the liver, what should Janellyn do?
To minimize the risk of cirrhosis of the liver, what should Janellyn do?
What recommendation would help Gerri with her frequent problems with constipation?
What recommendation would help Gerri with her frequent problems with constipation?
What is the term for the inflammation of the diverticula in the colon?
What is the term for the inflammation of the diverticula in the colon?
A patient is experiencing diarrhea frequently. What would you review with him to try to prevent diarrhea in the future?
A patient is experiencing diarrhea frequently. What would you review with him to try to prevent diarrhea in the future?
What would be an appropriate response to a patient taking a large dose of acetaminophen for severe arthritis?
What would be an appropriate response to a patient taking a large dose of acetaminophen for severe arthritis?
What may be a cause of Larry's diarrhea?
What may be a cause of Larry's diarrhea?
What is the term for the abnormal protrusion of the stomach into the chest through the esophageal hiatus?
What is the term for the abnormal protrusion of the stomach into the chest through the esophageal hiatus?
What are the products of the breakdown of proteins?
What are the products of the breakdown of proteins?
What is the term for the inflammation of the colon?
What is the term for the inflammation of the colon?
What is the most likely cause of cystitis in females?
What is the most likely cause of cystitis in females?
What advice would you give to a patient who has had multiple episodes of cystitis?
What advice would you give to a patient who has had multiple episodes of cystitis?
Who would you anticipate to develop cystitis?
Who would you anticipate to develop cystitis?
What can increase the risk of cystitis?
What can increase the risk of cystitis?
What should a patient do to prevent recurrent cystitis?
What should a patient do to prevent recurrent cystitis?
Cloudy urine may indicate which of the following?
Cloudy urine may indicate which of the following?
Which of the following is a risk factor for pyelonephritis?
Which of the following is a risk factor for pyelonephritis?
Glomerulonephritis is an immune disorder that affects which part of the kidney?
Glomerulonephritis is an immune disorder that affects which part of the kidney?
Which of the following is a possible cause of renal calculi?
Which of the following is a possible cause of renal calculi?
Which of the following diseases is likely to be treated with corticosteroids?
Which of the following diseases is likely to be treated with corticosteroids?
What is the name of the portion of the renal cortex that extends between the pyramids?
What is the name of the portion of the renal cortex that extends between the pyramids?
Which of the following is the outermost layer of the kidneys?
Which of the following is the outermost layer of the kidneys?
What is the name of the hormone that regulates blood pressure?
What is the name of the hormone that regulates blood pressure?
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Study Notes
Enzymes and Vitamins
- Amylase, lactase, sucrase, and maltase are enzymes that digest carbohydrates.
- Intestinal lipase is the pancreatic enzyme that digests fats in the small intestine.
- Trypsin is the pancreatic enzyme that digests protein.
- Pancreatic amylase is the pancreatic enzyme that digests carbohydrates.
- Pancreatic lipase is the pancreatic enzyme that digests lipids or fat.
Vitamins
- Vitamin E is a fat-soluble vitamin.
- Vitamin C is a water-soluble vitamin.
- Vitamin K is essential for blood to clot.
- Vitamin A is essential for normal growth of bones and teeth, and the production of visual receptors.
- Vitamin C is essential for the production of collagen and the absorption of iron.
- Folic acid is essential for the production of DNA and red blood cells.
- Vitamin E is an antioxidant that prevents the breakdown of certain tissues.
- Vitamin B6 is needed for protein synthesis.
- Niacin is needed for metabolism of fats.
- Vitamin D is needed for the absorption of calcium.
Digestive System Conditions
- GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease) is a condition in which stomach acids are pushed into the esophagus.
- Gastritis is a condition in which the stomach lining becomes inflamed.
- Cirrhosis is a chronic liver disease in which normal tissue is replaced with scar tissue.
- Hiatal hernia is a condition in which the stomach rises up through the diaphragm.
- Crohn's disease is an autoimmune disease.
- Diverticulitis is the inflammation of abnormal dilations of the intestinal wall.
- Hepatitis is the inflammation of the liver.
- Stomach ulcer is a condition in which the breakdown of the lining of the stomach occurs.
- Hemorrhoids are a condition in which distended veins in the rectum or anus become irritated.
Teaching and Recommendations
- Practitioners should educate patients on how to minimize the risk of cirrhosis of the liver by avoiding drinking alcohol.
- Increasing the amount of fiber in the diet can help prevent constipation.
- Reviewing food handling practices can help prevent diarrhea.
- Explaining that too much acetaminophen could damage the liver can help patients manage pain safely.
Urinary System
- Urea and uric acid are products of the breakdown of proteins.
- Fecal contamination is a likely cause of cystitis in females.
- Wiping front to back can help prevent cystitis.
- An immune disorder is a possible cause of glomerulonephritis.
- Dehydration can cause renal calculi.
- Pyelonephritis begins with a bladder infection.
- Corticosteroids are a possible treatment for glomerulonephritis.
- The renal column is the portion of the renal cortex that extends between the pyramids.
- The outermost layer of the kidneys is the renal cortex.
- The muscular tubes that carry urine to the bladder are ureters.
- The medial depression of a kidney is the renal sinus.
- Renin is the hormone that regulates blood pressure.
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