Enzymes in Digestion

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Questions and Answers

Which enzyme is responsible for digesting carbohydrates in the pancreas?

pancreatic lipase

pancreatic amylase (correct)

nuclease

trypsin

Which of the following enzymes is NOT involved in protein digestion?

trypsin

nuclease

maltase (correct)

peptidase

Which vitamin is essential for the production of collagen and the absorption of iron?

vitamin B6

vitamin D

vitamin A

vitamin C (correct)

Which enzyme is responsible for breaking down lipids in the small intestine?

intestinal lipase Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamin is a fat-soluble vitamin?

vitamin E Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is involved in the digestion of proteins in the pancreas?

trypsin Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamin is essential for the normal growth of bones and teeth?

vitamin A Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamin is involved in the production of DNA and red blood cells?

folic acid Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamin is necessary for the metabolism of fats?

Niacin Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by the inflammation of the liver?

Hepatitis Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the chronic liver disease in which normal tissue is replaced with scar tissue?

Cirrhosis Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamin is necessary for protein synthesis?

Vitamin B6 Signup and view all the answers

Which condition causes stomach acids to be pushed into the esophagus?

GERD Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamin is necessary for the absorption of calcium?

Vitamin D Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by the inflammation of the stomach lining?

Gastritis Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the condition in which the stomach rises up through the diaphragm?

Hiatal hernia Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is a result of the breakdown of the lining of the stomach?

Stomach ulcer Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the condition in which distended veins in the rectum or anus become irritated?

Hemorrhoids Signup and view all the answers

To minimize the risk of cirrhosis of the liver, what should Janellyn do?

Avoid drinking alcohol Signup and view all the answers

What recommendation would help Gerri with her frequent problems with constipation?

Increase the amount of fiber in her diet Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the inflammation of the diverticula in the colon?

Diverticulitis Signup and view all the answers

A patient is experiencing diarrhea frequently. What would you review with him to try to prevent diarrhea in the future?

Food handling practices Signup and view all the answers

What would be an appropriate response to a patient taking a large dose of acetaminophen for severe arthritis?

Explaining that too much acetaminophen could damage his liver Signup and view all the answers

What may be a cause of Larry's diarrhea?

Infection Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the abnormal protrusion of the stomach into the chest through the esophageal hiatus?

Hiatal hernia Signup and view all the answers

What are the products of the breakdown of proteins?

Urea and uric acid Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the inflammation of the colon?

Colitis Signup and view all the answers

What is the most likely cause of cystitis in females?

Fecal contamination Signup and view all the answers

What advice would you give to a patient who has had multiple episodes of cystitis?

Always clean the perineal area from front to back Signup and view all the answers

Who would you anticipate to develop cystitis?

A patient who has had a urinary tract infection Signup and view all the answers

What can increase the risk of cystitis?

Fecal contamination Signup and view all the answers

What should a patient do to prevent recurrent cystitis?

Drink plenty of water Signup and view all the answers

Cloudy urine may indicate which of the following?

Cystitis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a risk factor for pyelonephritis?

An indwelling urinary catheter Signup and view all the answers

Glomerulonephritis is an immune disorder that affects which part of the kidney?

Glomeruli Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a possible cause of renal calculi?

Dehydration Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following diseases is likely to be treated with corticosteroids?

Glomerulonephritis Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the portion of the renal cortex that extends between the pyramids?

Renal column Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the outermost layer of the kidneys?

Renal cortex Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the hormone that regulates blood pressure?

Renin Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Enzymes and Vitamins

Amylase, lactase, sucrase, and maltase are enzymes that digest carbohydrates.
Intestinal lipase is the pancreatic enzyme that digests fats in the small intestine.
Trypsin is the pancreatic enzyme that digests protein.
Pancreatic amylase is the pancreatic enzyme that digests carbohydrates.
Pancreatic lipase is the pancreatic enzyme that digests lipids or fat.

Vitamins

Vitamin E is a fat-soluble vitamin.
Vitamin C is a water-soluble vitamin.
Vitamin K is essential for blood to clot.
Vitamin A is essential for normal growth of bones and teeth, and the production of visual receptors.
Vitamin C is essential for the production of collagen and the absorption of iron.
Folic acid is essential for the production of DNA and red blood cells.
Vitamin E is an antioxidant that prevents the breakdown of certain tissues.
Vitamin B6 is needed for protein synthesis.
Niacin is needed for metabolism of fats.
Vitamin D is needed for the absorption of calcium.

Digestive System Conditions

GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease) is a condition in which stomach acids are pushed into the esophagus.
Gastritis is a condition in which the stomach lining becomes inflamed.
Cirrhosis is a chronic liver disease in which normal tissue is replaced with scar tissue.
Hiatal hernia is a condition in which the stomach rises up through the diaphragm.
Crohn's disease is an autoimmune disease.
Diverticulitis is the inflammation of abnormal dilations of the intestinal wall.
Hepatitis is the inflammation of the liver.
Stomach ulcer is a condition in which the breakdown of the lining of the stomach occurs.
Hemorrhoids are a condition in which distended veins in the rectum or anus become irritated.

Teaching and Recommendations

Practitioners should educate patients on how to minimize the risk of cirrhosis of the liver by avoiding drinking alcohol.
Increasing the amount of fiber in the diet can help prevent constipation.
Reviewing food handling practices can help prevent diarrhea.
Explaining that too much acetaminophen could damage the liver can help patients manage pain safely.

Urinary System

Urea and uric acid are products of the breakdown of proteins.
Fecal contamination is a likely cause of cystitis in females.
Wiping front to back can help prevent cystitis.
An immune disorder is a possible cause of glomerulonephritis.
Dehydration can cause renal calculi.
Pyelonephritis begins with a bladder infection.
Corticosteroids are a possible treatment for glomerulonephritis.
The renal column is the portion of the renal cortex that extends between the pyramids.
The outermost layer of the kidneys is the renal cortex.
The muscular tubes that carry urine to the bladder are ureters.
The medial depression of a kidney is the renal sinus.
Renin is the hormone that regulates blood pressure.

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Description

This quiz tests your knowledge of enzymes involved in digestion, including those that break down carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.