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Questions and Answers
Which is the isoenzyme designated as CK3?
Which is the isoenzyme designated as CK3?
What is the optimum pH for the forward reaction of creatine kinase?
What is the optimum pH for the forward reaction of creatine kinase?
Which condition is NOT associated with increased levels of CK?
Which condition is NOT associated with increased levels of CK?
Which enzyme is primarily associated with hepatic disorders?
Which enzyme is primarily associated with hepatic disorders?
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In cases of acute pancreatitis, which substances show an increase?
In cases of acute pancreatitis, which substances show an increase?
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What is a primary function of phosphatases?
What is a primary function of phosphatases?
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Which of the following diseases is NOT associated with increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity?
Which of the following diseases is NOT associated with increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity?
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What is the highest elevation of acid phosphatase (ACP) levels associated with?
What is the highest elevation of acid phosphatase (ACP) levels associated with?
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Which condition is least likely to cause elevated amylase levels?
Which condition is least likely to cause elevated amylase levels?
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In which of the following isoenzymes is lipase primarily found?
In which of the following isoenzymes is lipase primarily found?
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What clinical significance is associated with elevated lipase levels?
What clinical significance is associated with elevated lipase levels?
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Which enzyme has isoenzymes that include aspartate aminotransferase (AST)?
Which enzyme has isoenzymes that include aspartate aminotransferase (AST)?
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Which of the following conditions is typically indicated by elevated alkaline phosphatase levels?
Which of the following conditions is typically indicated by elevated alkaline phosphatase levels?
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What is the primary substrate for the enzymatic activity of alanine aminotransferase (ALT)?
What is the primary substrate for the enzymatic activity of alanine aminotransferase (ALT)?
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Which clinical condition is associated with increased levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST)?
Which clinical condition is associated with increased levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST)?
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What role does lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) play in the body?
What role does lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) play in the body?
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Which enzyme is primarily involved in the diagnosis of hepatotoxicity?
Which enzyme is primarily involved in the diagnosis of hepatotoxicity?
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In which condition might one expect to see moderately to markedly elevated levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)?
In which condition might one expect to see moderately to markedly elevated levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)?
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Which isoenzyme of lactate dehydrogenase is associated with the heart muscle?
Which isoenzyme of lactate dehydrogenase is associated with the heart muscle?
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What is the main function of creatine kinase in muscle cells?
What is the main function of creatine kinase in muscle cells?
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Which factor might lead to decreased levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT)?
Which factor might lead to decreased levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT)?
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What distinguishes enzymes from other biological molecules?
What distinguishes enzymes from other biological molecules?
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Which suffix is commonly added to the names of enzymes derived from their substrates?
Which suffix is commonly added to the names of enzymes derived from their substrates?
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What role do coenzymes play in enzymatic reactions?
What role do coenzymes play in enzymatic reactions?
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Which classification of enzymes is responsible for transferring chemical groups?
Which classification of enzymes is responsible for transferring chemical groups?
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What is the primary function of hydrolases?
What is the primary function of hydrolases?
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What are zymogens also known as?
What are zymogens also known as?
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Which of the following is a specific example of an oxidoreductase?
Which of the following is a specific example of an oxidoreductase?
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What is a common characteristic of isomerases?
What is a common characteristic of isomerases?
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Study Notes
Enzymes
- Remarkable molecules in living organisms, crucial for biological processes
- Aid in breaking down food, converting nutrients to energy, building and repairing tissues
- Enable chemical reactions vital for life
- Catalysts, speeding up reactions without being consumed
Enzyme Classification by Function
-
Oxidoreductases: Involved in oxidation-reduction reactions, transfer of electrons
- Oxidases: Removal or addition of electrons
- Dehydrogenases: Specific examples include LDH (Lactate Dehydrogenase), MDH (Malate Dehydrogenase), and others
-
Transferases: Transfer chemical groups between molecules
- Specific examples: AST (Aspartate transaminase), ALT (Alanine transaminase), CK (Creatine Kinase), etc.
-
Hydrolases: Split bonds by adding water
- Specific examples: ACP (Acid phosphatase), ALP (Alkaline phosphatase), LPS (Lipase), peptidases, PTS, etc.
-
Lyases: Remove groups, leaving double bonds
- Specific examples: Aldolases, glutamate decarboxylase, pyruvate decarboxylase, etc.
-
Isomerases: Rearrange atoms within a molecule
- Examples: Glucose phosphate isomerase, Ribose phosphate isomerase and others
-
Ligases: Join two molecules together
- Not explicitly listed in the provided text
Enzyme Nomenclature
- Named according to their substrate and the suffix "ase" (e.g., protease, lipase)
- Classified by the type of reaction they catalyze (e.g., kinase, dehydrogenase)
- Classified numerically by the Enzyme Commission
Other Enzyme Related Terms
- Apoenzymes: Protein component of an enzyme
- Cofactors: Non-protein molecules essential for enzyme function
- Holoenzymes: Complete enzymes with both protein and non-protein components
- Isoenzymes: Different forms of an enzyme with similar functions
- Metal-containing Enzymes: Enzymes that utilize metal ions for activity
- Proenzymes (Zymogens): Inactive precursors of enzymes that need to be activated before function
Clinical Significance of Enzymes
- Enzyme levels in blood can be diagnostic indicators of certain diseases or conditions.
- Elevated levels may indicate tissue damage or disease (e.g., myocardial infarction, pancreatitis, hepatitis)
- Measured to monitor disease progression or treatment effectiveness
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Description
Explore the remarkable world of enzymes, essential molecules that facilitate biological processes in living organisms. This quiz covers various enzyme classifications based on function, including oxidoreductases, transferases, hydrolases, and lyases, along with specific examples for each category.
