Enzymes and Their Functions

Enzyme that catalyzes the splitting of D-fructose diphosphate into D-glyceraldehyde phosphate and dihydroxy acetone phosphate. This enzyme has multiple isoenzymes.

The CK isoenzyme marker specific for myocardial infarction. Elevates rapidly after an MI.

Enzymes are biological catalysts, meaning they speed up chemical reactions within living organisms without being consumed in the process.

This enzyme is an indicator of liver damage and is elevated in cases like hepatitis, cirrhosis and liver cancer.

Enzymes are named based on the substance they act upon (substrate) by adding the suffix 'ase'. For example, protease breaks down proteins.

An enzyme associated with both liver and bone disorders. Elevated levels can be seen in conditions such as hepatitis, obstructive jaundice, and bone diseases including Paget's disease.

This enzyme is a primary indicator of acute pancreatitis. Elevated levels can be found in acute or chronic pancreatitis as well as other conditions like gallstones, trauma, and alcohol abuse.

Oxidoreductases catalyze oxidation-reduction reactions, which involve the transfer of electrons. They are essential for cellular respiration and energy production.

Transferases move chemical groups from one molecule to another. They are vital for biosynthesis and metabolism, helping build and break down molecules.

Hydrolases break down bonds within molecules using water. Important for digestion and nutrient breakdown.

Lyases break chemical bonds without adding water. They create double bonds, crucial for synthesis of molecules.

Isomerases change the structure of a molecule, creating different forms of the same compound. Essential for rearranging molecules for different purposes.

A 'haloenzyme' is a complete, active enzyme consisting of a protein part (apoenzyme) and a non-protein component (cofactor).

An enzyme group that breaks down organic phosphates, playing a crucial role in various metabolic processes.

A type of enzyme, often found in prostate cells, that can be a biomarker for prostate cancer. Elevated levels might suggest prostate issues.

An enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of an amino group from alanine to alpha-ketoglutarate, forming glutamate and pyruvate.

A transferase with enzymatic activity similar to ALT, catalyzing transfer of an amino group from aspartate to alpha-ketoglutarate forming glutamate and oxaloacetate.

An enzyme involved in the breakdown of fats into fatty acids and glycerol. High levels can indicate pancreatic problems.

A group of enzymes that transfer amino groups from one molecule to another, playing a key role in amino acid metabolism.

An enzyme found in various tissues like the heart, liver, skeletal muscle, and erythrocytes. It catalyzes the interconversion of lactic acid and pyruvic acid.

An enzyme that promotes the conversion of creatine and ATP to creatine phosphate and ADP, providing energy for muscle contraction.

An aminotransferase enzyme found in many tissues, including the heart, liver, and skeletal muscle. Elevated levels can indicate damage to these tissues.

An aminotransferase enzyme primarily found in the liver. Elevated levels can indicate liver damage or disease.

An elevated ALT level in the blood can indicate liver damage, particularly in cases of acute or chronic viral hepatitis.

Increased AST levels are often associated with myocardial infarction (heart attack), but also with other conditions like pulmonary infarction, pericarditis, and muscle damage.

Elevated LDH levels point to various conditions like myocardial infarction, liver disease, muscle trauma, and hemolytic disease.

Increased CK levels are frequently associated with muscle damage, especially in cases of myocardial infarction and strenuous activity.