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Questions and Answers
What is the primary role of enzymes in biological reactions?
What is the primary role of enzymes in biological reactions?
Which suffix is commonly used to denote enzymes?
Which suffix is commonly used to denote enzymes?
Which factor is NOT known to affect enzyme activity?
Which factor is NOT known to affect enzyme activity?
What is the active site of an enzyme?
What is the active site of an enzyme?
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What is the primary structural composition of most enzymes?
What is the primary structural composition of most enzymes?
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Study Notes
Enzyme Definition
- Biological catalysts
- Not consumed during a chemical reaction
- Essential for many biological processes
- Mostly proteins
- Highly specific, function optimally at body temperature (37°C) and physiological pH (7)
- Suffix "-ase"
Activation Energy
- The minimum energy required for a chemical reaction to start
- Catalysts reduce activation energy
Enzyme Classification
- Oxidoreductases
- Catalyze oxidation-reduction reactions
- Transferases
- Transfer functional groups
- Hydrolases
- Break down molecules by adding water
- Lyases
- Break down molecules, but don't require water
- Isomerases
- Convert molecules into isomers
- Ligases
- Join molecules together
Mechanism of Enzyme Action
- Binding of substrate to the enzyme's active site
- Active site is the specific area that binds to the substrate
Factors Affecting Enzyme Activity
Temperature
- Increases reaction rate, up to a point
- Beyond the optimal temperature, the enzyme denatures, and its activity decreases
pH
- Each enzyme has an optimal pH
- Deviation from the optimal pH can denature the enzyme
Enzyme Concentration
- Increased enzyme concentration leads to a higher reaction rate
- Up to a point where the substrate becomes limiting
Substrate Concentration
- Increased substrate concentration leads to a higher reaction rate
- Up to a point where the enzyme becomes saturated and the reaction rate plateaus
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Description
This quiz covers the fundamental concepts of enzymes, including their definitions, classifications, and the factors affecting their activity. Understand how enzymes function as biological catalysts, their mechanisms, and the importance of activation energy in chemical reactions.
