Enzymes and Their Activity Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the temperature coefficient (Q10) indicating regarding enzyme activity?

  • A 10°C increase results in a twofold increase in enzyme activity (correct)
  • All enzymes are active at temperatures above 70°C
  • Enzyme activity decreases with increased temperature
  • Enzyme activity remains constant with temperature changes

    • Most physiological reactions occur at a pH range of 6 to 7.

    False

    What temperature is ideal for longer-term storage of enzymes?

    -20°C

    Hemolysis mostly increases ______ concentration.

    <p>enzyme</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the enzyme names with their corresponding EC numbers:

    <p>Acid phosphatase = EC 3.1.3.2 Amylase = EC 3.2.1.1 Lactic dehydrogenase = EC 1.1.1.27 Creatine kinase = EC 2.7.3.2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme has an EC number of EC 2.6.1.2?

    <p>Alanine aminotransferase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of enzymes in biological systems?

    <p>To speed up chemical reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Repeated freezing and thawing of enzymes is recommended to prevent denaturation.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does lactescense have on enzyme concentration?

    <p>decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Enzymes can only catalyze one specific reaction.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does increasing enzyme concentration have on reaction rate?

    <p>It increases the reaction rate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cofactors are non-protein molecules that must bind to enzymes to ensure their ______.

    <p>function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following processes with their corresponding effects on enzymatic reactions:

    <p>Increasing enzyme concentration = Increases reaction rate Increasing substrate concentration = Increases reaction rate until saturation Reaching saturation = No further increase in reaction rate Increasing coenzyme concentration = Increases enzymatic activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a coenzyme that plays a crucial role in enzymatic activity?

    <p>NAD</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Abnormal levels of enzymes in the serum can indicate tissue damage.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for measuring enzymatic activity in clinical settings?

    <p>To diagnose organ damage or disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theory describes the precise fitting of a substrate into the active site of an enzyme?

    <p>Lock and Key Theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Induced Fit Theory states that the active site does not change shape when the substrate binds to it.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main effect of enzymes on activation energy during physiological reactions?

    <p>Enzymes lower the activation energy required for reactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The enzyme activity is quantified in ________ or ________.

    <p>International Units (IU), Katal Units (KU)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of specificity allows an enzyme to combine with substrates in a chemical group?

    <p>Group specificity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of enzymatic reactions with their definitions:

    <p>Zero-order reaction = Reaction rate depends only on enzyme concentration First-order reaction = Reaction rate is directly proportional to substrate concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The presence of inhibitors can enhance enzyme activity if the sample is diluted.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the preferred specimen for measuring enzyme activity?

    <p>Serum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of enzymes catalyzes the transfer of a chemical group other than hydrogen from one substrate to another?

    <p>Transferases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The active site of an enzyme is a cavity where the substrate interacts with a charged molecule.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term refers to the inactive form of digestive enzymes originally secreted from the organ of production?

    <p>proenzyme or zymogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An enzyme combined with its cofactor is known as a ______.

    <p>holoenzyme</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following enzymes catalyzes redox reactions?

    <p>Lactate dehydrogenase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following enzyme classes with their functions:

    <p>Oxidoreductases = Catalyze redox reactions Hydrolases = Catalyze hydrolysis Lyases = Catalyze removal of groups without hydrolysis Ligases = Join two substrate molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An allosteric site is primarily designed for substrate binding.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one example of a hydrolase enzyme.

    <p>Glycosidase or Galactosidase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of an inorganic ion that acts as an enzyme activator?

    <p>Calcium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All inhibitors compete for the same active site on an enzyme.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action for competitive inhibitors?

    <p>Competitive inhibitors bind to the active site of the enzyme, competing with the substrate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Increasing the concentration of __________ will not reverse the inhibition caused by non-competitive inhibitors.

    <p>substrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of inhibitors with their description:

    <p>Competitive Inhibitors = Bind to the active site and compete with the substrate Non-Competitive Inhibitors = Bind to an allosteric site and change enzyme configuration Uncompetitive Inhibitors = Bind only to the enzyme-substrate complex Irreversible Inhibitors = Cause permanent inactivation of the enzyme</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reference range for Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) levels in U/L?

    <p>30-90</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does dilution of serum have on reaction rate when a competitive inhibitor is present?

    <p>Increases reaction rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Isoenzymes have identical molecular structures but different catalytic reactions.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Alkaline phosphatase is exclusively found in the liver.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one factor that can affect enzyme levels.

    <p>Tissue necrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what temperature is enzymatic activity typically at its optimum?

    <p>37°C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Enzymes begin to exhibit __________ above 40°C to 50°C, which can lead to loss of function.

    <p>denaturation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Alkaline phosphatase functions to liberate inorganic phosphate from __________.

    <p>organic phosphate esters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following enzyme types binds to the enzyme-substrate complex?

    <p>Uncompetitive Inhibitor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the isoenzymes of Alkaline Phosphatase with their characteristics:

    <p>Liver ALP = Most abundant in plasma Bone ALP = Elevated in osteoblastic activity Placental ALP = Found during pregnancy Intestinal ALP = Involved in digestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a method used to measure ALP levels?

    <p>Kinetic assay</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Increased ALP levels are typically seen in growing children.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Lineweaver-Burk plot illustrates the relationship between substrate concentration and __________.

    <p>reaction velocity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ALP isoform is most heat-stable?

    <p>Placental ALP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hemolysis does not interfere with ALP measurement.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concentration of solution inhibits Bone ALP?

    <p>3M urea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ALP is inhibited by ______.

    <p>phosphorus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the ALP measurement methods with their corresponding substrates:

    <p>Bowers and McComb = Phenylphosphate King-Armstrong = Alpha-naphthol phosphate Bess, Lowry, and Brock = Para-nitro phenyl phosphate Moss = Buffered phenolphthalein phosphate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a condition associated with increased ALP levels?

    <p>Obstructive jaundice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ingestion of food decreases intestinal ALP levels.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary pH environment used in the Bowers-McComb method?

    <p>10.15</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which blood groups show higher intestinal ALP levels after a fatty meal?

    <p>B and O</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Regan ALP is found in various types of cancer and is the least heat-stable ALP.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP)?

    <p>As a tumor marker.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The presence of intestinal ALP isoenzyme in serum depends on the blood group and the _______ gene.

    <p>secretor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the ALP types with their related conditions:

    <p>Regan ALP = Breast cancer Nagao ALP = Adenocarcinoma of the pancreas Bone ALP (B1x) = Low bone mineral density Placental ALP (PLAP) = Germ cell tumors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Elevated serum ALP levels can indicate issues in which of the following conditions?

    <p>Liver problems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Transient low serum ALP levels can occur after blood transfusion.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ALP activity is linked to low bone mineral density in patients with chronic kidney disease?

    <p>Bone ALP isoform (B1x)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Enzyme Activity

    • Enzymes are proteins that accelerate chemical reactions
    • Enzymes are crucial in diagnosing and managing diseases
    • Enzymes are located in tissues and cells
    • Enzymes are mostly confined within cells
    • Enzymes are frequently produced by living cells
    • They are involved in chemical reactions
    • Their presence in serum is evidence of organ damage

    Factors Affecting Enzymatic Reactions

    • Enzyme Concentration: Higher enzyme concentration leads to faster reactions because more enzymes are available to bind with the substrate
    • Substrate Concentration: Increasing substrate concentration increases the reaction rate initially, but the reaction rate plateaus as the concentration continues to increase
    • Cofactors: These are non-protein entities that must bind to particular enzymes to achieve their absolute enzymatic activity
      • Coenzymes: These are organic cofactors that are essential for enzyme activity
        • Examples include Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP)
    • Temperature: Optimal temperature for most enzymatic activity is around 37°C. However, exceeding 40-50°C will result in denaturation and enzyme inactivation
    • pH: Most physiologic reactions occur in the pH range of 7-8. Extreme pH levels may denature enzymes or change their active site

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on enzyme activity and characteristics in this quiz. Covering topics like temperature coefficients, ideal storage conditions, and the role of cofactors, this quiz is essential for biology students. Match enzymes with their EC numbers and understand the factors affecting enzymatic reactions.

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