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Questions and Answers
What is the characteristic of an enzyme's active site according to the induced fit theory?
What is the characteristic of an enzyme's active site according to the induced fit theory?
What is the role of enzymes in a chemical reaction?
What is the role of enzymes in a chemical reaction?
What is the energy barrier that the substrate must surpass for a reaction to occur?
What is the energy barrier that the substrate must surpass for a reaction to occur?
What is the type of enzyme specificity where an enzyme combines with only one substrate and catalyzes only one reaction?
What is the type of enzyme specificity where an enzyme combines with only one substrate and catalyzes only one reaction?
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What is the term for the physical binding of a substrate to the active site of an enzyme?
What is the term for the physical binding of a substrate to the active site of an enzyme?
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What is the direction of energy movement in a chemical reaction catalyzed by an enzyme?
What is the direction of energy movement in a chemical reaction catalyzed by an enzyme?
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What is the main idea behind the Lock and Key theory of enzymes?
What is the main idea behind the Lock and Key theory of enzymes?
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What happens to the active site of the enzyme after the product is formed?
What happens to the active site of the enzyme after the product is formed?
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What is the role of the allosteric site in enzyme structure?
What is the role of the allosteric site in enzyme structure?
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What happens when an inhibitor binds to the allosteric site?
What happens when an inhibitor binds to the allosteric site?
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Why is the active site of the enzyme important?
Why is the active site of the enzyme important?
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What is the purpose of the activator binding to the allosteric site?
What is the purpose of the activator binding to the allosteric site?
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Study Notes
Enzyme Structure and Function
- Enzymes have a "rigid" active site, which must fit with the substrate (key) to facilitate product formation.
- The shape of the active site determines the shape of the substrate it can bind to.
- If the substrate has a different shape, it won't bind to the enzyme, and no product formation occurs.
- The active site remains unchanged after product formation.
Enzyme Inhibition
- Inhibitors bind to the allosteric site, modifying the active site and preventing product formation.
- The inhibitor changes the conformation of the active site, making it incorrect for the substrate.
Enzyme Theories
Lock and Key Theory (Emil Fisher's)
- Enzymes have a "rigid" active site that matches the shape of the substrate.
- The active site and allosteric site are significant for enzyme structure.
Induced Fit Theory (Kochland's)
- Enzymes have a "flexible" active site that changes shape to fit the substrate.
- The active site's shape is not the same as the substrate's shape, but it can adapt to fit.
- The enzyme's shape remains the same after product formation.
Enzyme Kinetics
- Enzyme kinetics describes how enzymes work in the presence of substrate and product formation.
- Enzymes lower the activation energy required for a reaction.
- Activation energy is the excess energy required to raise all molecules in one mole of a compound to the transition state.
- The transition state is where the molecule is equally likely to participate in product formation or remain as an unreacted molecule.
Enzyme-Substrate Complex
- The enzyme-substrate (ES) complex shows the physical binding of a substrate to the active site of an enzyme.
- The ES complex has a high energy that decreases to a low energy after product formation.
Chemical Reaction
- Chemical reactions involve a downhill movement of energy from high-energy reactants to low-energy products.
- Enzymes reduce the free energy needed to activate the reaction.
- The substrate must surpass the energy barrier to react with the enzyme and form products.
Types of Enzyme Specificity
Absolute Specificity
- An enzyme combines with only one substrate and catalyzes only one reaction.
Group Specificity
- Enzymes combine with all substrates in a chemical group, catalyzing a specific reaction.
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Description
Learn about the rigid active site of enzymes, how substrates bind to them, and the formation of enzyme-substrate complexes. Understand the importance of shape in enzyme-substrate interactions.
