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Enzyme Inhibition and Cofactors

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary mechanism by which competitive inhibitors reduce the efficiency of an enzyme?

By increasing the surface area to volume ratio of the cell

By donating electrons to the enzyme

By competing with the substrate for the active site (correct)

By binding to another part of the enzyme and changing its shape

What is the role of cofactors in enzyme catalysis?

To compete with the substrate for the active site

To transport protons across cell membranes

To increase the surface area to volume ratio of cells

To function in some crucial way to allow catalysis to occur (correct)

What is the effect of an increase in cell volume on its surface area?

The surface area decreases (correct)

The surface area becomes irrelevant

The surface area increases

The surface area remains the same

What is the direction of proton movement during proton pump cotransport?

Out of the cell, driven by active transport Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of noncompetitive inhibitors?

They bind to another part of the enzyme and change its shape Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of proton pump cotransport in cells?

To transport molecules across the cell membrane Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Inhibition of Enzymes

Competitive inhibition occurs when reversible inhibitors, which are chemically similar to the normal substrate molecule, compete with the substrate for the active site on an enzyme, reducing its efficiency.

Types of Inhibition

Noncompetitive inhibition: occurs when inhibitors bind to another part of the enzyme, causing a shape change that makes the active site nonfunctional, impeding enzyme activity.

Cofactors

Cofactors are non-protein helpers, including metal ions like zinc, iron, and copper, which function in a crucial way to allow catalysis to occur, serving as enzyme helpers.

Cell Characteristics

As cell volume increases, the surface area decreases, which is why cells are typically small.

Proton Pump Cotransport

Proton pump cotransport is a type of transport that uses H+ ions and occurs in various cellular processes.
H+ ions are involved in active transport, moving from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration (in or out).
In cotransport, H+ ions come in (passive transport) and are associated with cotransport mechanisms.

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Description

Learn about the different types of enzyme inhibition, including competitive and noncompetitive inhibition, and the role of cofactors in enzyme activity.