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Questions and Answers
Enzymes are altered and cannot be reused after a reaction occurs.
Enzymes are altered and cannot be reused after a reaction occurs.
False (B)
The Lock and Key Hypothesis suggests that the substrate is modified to fit the enzyme's active site.
The Lock and Key Hypothesis suggests that the substrate is modified to fit the enzyme's active site.
False (B)
The optimal pH for most human enzymes is between pH 6 and pH 8.
The optimal pH for most human enzymes is between pH 6 and pH 8.
True (A)
Protease is an enzyme that typically acts on sugars.
Protease is an enzyme that typically acts on sugars.
A change in temperature typically decreases enzyme activity.
A change in temperature typically decreases enzyme activity.
Amylase is used in detergents to break down oil or makeup stains.
Amylase is used in detergents to break down oil or makeup stains.
Enzymes are non-specific and can catalyze a wide range of reactions.
Enzymes are non-specific and can catalyze a wide range of reactions.
Pepsin, which operates in the stomach, has an optimal pH of around 2 to 3.
Pepsin, which operates in the stomach, has an optimal pH of around 2 to 3.
An enzyme's catalytic activity is highest at 37°C in human body cells.
An enzyme's catalytic activity is highest at 37°C in human body cells.
Increasing substrate concentration will always continue to increase the rate of reaction.
Increasing substrate concentration will always continue to increase the rate of reaction.
When an egg is cooked, its proteins remain unchanged.
When an egg is cooked, its proteins remain unchanged.
Oxidation reactions involve the gain of electrons.
Oxidation reactions involve the gain of electrons.
Redox reactions are always complementary and occur together.
Redox reactions are always complementary and occur together.
Dehydrogenase is a type of redox enzyme that adds hydrogen to molecules.
Dehydrogenase is a type of redox enzyme that adds hydrogen to molecules.
High-energy electrons are necessary for cells to efficiently transfer energy.
High-energy electrons are necessary for cells to efficiently transfer energy.
NADP and FAD are coenzymes required by some redox enzymes during reactions.
NADP and FAD are coenzymes required by some redox enzymes during reactions.
Flashcards
Enzyme Activity
Enzyme Activity
The process where enzymes speed up chemical reactions without being consumed in the process. Enzymes remain unchanged after the reaction.
Lock and Key Model
Lock and Key Model
A model of enzyme action where the substrate fits perfectly into the enzyme's active site like a lock and key.
Induced Fit Model
Induced Fit Model
A model of enzyme action where the enzyme's active site changes shape slightly to accommodate the substrate.
Enzyme Naming
Enzyme Naming
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Enzyme Specificity
Enzyme Specificity
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pH effect on enzymes
pH effect on enzymes
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Temperature effect on enzymes
Temperature effect on enzymes
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Active Site
Active Site
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Enzyme Activity and Temperature
Enzyme Activity and Temperature
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Enzyme Denaturation
Enzyme Denaturation
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Substrate Concentration and Enzyme Activity
Substrate Concentration and Enzyme Activity
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Oxidation
Oxidation
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Reduction
Reduction
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Redox Reactions
Redox Reactions
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Redox Enzymes
Redox Enzymes
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Enzyme-Substrate Collisions
Enzyme-Substrate Collisions
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Study Notes
Enzyme Function and Action
- Enzymes are highly specific catalysts, only acting on specific substrates.
- The substrate fits into the enzyme's active site, like a lock and key.
- The induced fit model proposes the enzyme's active site changes shape slightly to accommodate the substrate.
- Enzyme-substrate complex forms, the reaction occurs.
- The enzyme is unchanged and reusable.
Enzyme Naming Conventions
- Enzyme names usually end in "-ase."
- Names are related to their target substrates, for example: proteases for proteins, lipases for lipids, amylases for starch.
Practical Applications of Enzymes
- Detergents contain enzymes to remove various stains (e.g., proteases for blood, amylases for starch, lipases for oil).
- Saliva contains amylase to break down starches into sugars during digestion.
- Digestive enzymes break down large molecules in the stomach into smaller ones for easier absorption.
Factors Affecting Enzyme Activity
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pH: Optimal pH ranges exist for each enzyme. Changes outside this cause enzyme denaturation (loss of function).
- Human enzymes typically operate in a pH range of 6-8.
- Stomach enzyme pepsin works at pH 2-3.
- Intestine enzyme trypsin works at pH 8.
-
Temperature: Increasing temperature generally increases reaction rate due to increased collisions between enzyme and substrate. However, above a certain optimal temperature (37°C for human enzymes), the enzyme structure denatures, decreasing activity.
-
Substrate Concentration: Increasing substrate concentration increases the rate of reaction until the enzyme becomes saturated, at which point further substrate increase won't affect the reaction rate.
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Description
Dive into the fascinating world of enzymes, their specific actions, naming conventions, and practical applications. This quiz explores how enzymes act as catalysts in biological reactions, their versatility in everyday products, and the factors affecting their activity. Test your knowledge on these vital biochemical agents!
