Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which greenhouse gas contributes approximately 10-25% to global warming?
Which greenhouse gas contributes approximately 10-25% to global warming?
- Water vapor
- Fluorinated gases
- Nitrous oxide
- Methane (correct)
How long does nitrous oxide take to break down in the atmosphere?
How long does nitrous oxide take to break down in the atmosphere?
- 300 years
- 100 years
- 10 years
- 114 years (correct)
Which gas is considered the most abundant greenhouse gas in the atmosphere?
Which gas is considered the most abundant greenhouse gas in the atmosphere?
- Nitrous oxide
- Water vapor (correct)
- Carbon dioxide
- Methane
Which greenhouse gas is known to be 23,000 times stronger than CO2?
Which greenhouse gas is known to be 23,000 times stronger than CO2?
What role does water vapor have in the context of climate change?
What role does water vapor have in the context of climate change?
Which group of gases are referred to as High Global Warming Potential gases?
Which group of gases are referred to as High Global Warming Potential gases?
Which of the following is a major source of nitrous oxide overproduction?
Which of the following is a major source of nitrous oxide overproduction?
What is the effect of greenhouse gases on heat retention in the atmosphere?
What is the effect of greenhouse gases on heat retention in the atmosphere?
What is the primary function of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere?
What is the primary function of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere?
Which of the following greenhouse gases is the most abundant in terms of its effect on climate?
Which of the following greenhouse gases is the most abundant in terms of its effect on climate?
Which statement about methane is true?
Which statement about methane is true?
Why are nitrogen and oxygen less effective as greenhouse gases?
Why are nitrogen and oxygen less effective as greenhouse gases?
How does the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere compare now to the mid-19th Century?
How does the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere compare now to the mid-19th Century?
What contributes to the increasing levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?
What contributes to the increasing levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?
Which gas is considered the simplest hydrocarbon?
Which gas is considered the simplest hydrocarbon?
What is the impact of methane as a greenhouse gas relative to carbon dioxide?
What is the impact of methane as a greenhouse gas relative to carbon dioxide?
What does the term 'weather' refer to?
What does the term 'weather' refer to?
How is climate typically understood?
How is climate typically understood?
What is the primary function of greenhouse gases?
What is the primary function of greenhouse gases?
What would be the effect on Earth's temperature without carbon dioxide?
What would be the effect on Earth's temperature without carbon dioxide?
What happens to solar energy absorbed at Earth's surface?
What happens to solar energy absorbed at Earth's surface?
Which of the following is NOT a greenhouse gas?
Which of the following is NOT a greenhouse gas?
Which of the following best describes the greenhouse effect?
Which of the following best describes the greenhouse effect?
What is the consequence of the rising levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?
What is the consequence of the rising levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?
What is one effect of global warming on agriculture and ecosystems?
What is one effect of global warming on agriculture and ecosystems?
Which greenhouse gas is primarily responsible for the majority of warming?
Which greenhouse gas is primarily responsible for the majority of warming?
What is projected to happen to the intensity of hurricanes as the climate warms?
What is projected to happen to the intensity of hurricanes as the climate warms?
By how much is sea level expected to rise by 2100?
By how much is sea level expected to rise by 2100?
What will happen to the Arctic Ocean by mid-century?
What will happen to the Arctic Ocean by mid-century?
What is a significant contributor to the rising sea levels?
What is a significant contributor to the rising sea levels?
How much ice has Greenland lost on average per year between 1993 and 2019?
How much ice has Greenland lost on average per year between 1993 and 2019?
Which of the following gases is described as being much stronger than carbon dioxide regarding its warming potential?
Which of the following gases is described as being much stronger than carbon dioxide regarding its warming potential?
What does Global Warming Potential (GWP) measure?
What does Global Warming Potential (GWP) measure?
Which gas has the highest Global Warming Potential (GWP) according to the given estimates?
Which gas has the highest Global Warming Potential (GWP) according to the given estimates?
What is the primary goal of the Paris Agreement?
What is the primary goal of the Paris Agreement?
How frequently do countries review their climate action commitments under the Paris Agreement?
How frequently do countries review their climate action commitments under the Paris Agreement?
What does a higher GWP indicate about a greenhouse gas?
What does a higher GWP indicate about a greenhouse gas?
When did the Paris Agreement enter into force?
When did the Paris Agreement enter into force?
What is the GWP of Methane (CH4) as mentioned in the GHG estimates?
What is the GWP of Methane (CH4) as mentioned in the GHG estimates?
What is the GWP of Nitrogen Oxides (NO2)?
What is the GWP of Nitrogen Oxides (NO2)?
What are nationally determined contributions (NDCs) primarily focused on?
What are nationally determined contributions (NDCs) primarily focused on?
What significant report assessed the current state of the climate and highlighted human influence on warming?
What significant report assessed the current state of the climate and highlighted human influence on warming?
What is one of the key functions of the enhanced transparency framework (ETF) established by the Paris Agreement?
What is one of the key functions of the enhanced transparency framework (ETF) established by the Paris Agreement?
How does the Paris Agreement's submission of long-term low greenhouse gas emission development strategies (LT-LEDS) differ from NDCs?
How does the Paris Agreement's submission of long-term low greenhouse gas emission development strategies (LT-LEDS) differ from NDCs?
What evidence supports the conclusion that human-induced climate change is affecting weather extremes?
What evidence supports the conclusion that human-induced climate change is affecting weather extremes?
What is the best estimate of equilibrium climate sensitivity, as suggested by the IPCC's Sixth Assessment Report?
What is the best estimate of equilibrium climate sensitivity, as suggested by the IPCC's Sixth Assessment Report?
What major climate change impacts have been attributed to human influence according to the IPCC?
What major climate change impacts have been attributed to human influence according to the IPCC?
What role do NDCs play in the context of climate action under the Paris Agreement?
What role do NDCs play in the context of climate action under the Paris Agreement?
What does weather typically refer to?
What does weather typically refer to?
How is climate defined?
How is climate defined?
What role do greenhouse gases play in Earth's atmosphere?
What role do greenhouse gases play in Earth's atmosphere?
What is the significance of carbon dioxide in the greenhouse effect?
What is the significance of carbon dioxide in the greenhouse effect?
What would happen to Earth's temperature without the greenhouse effect?
What would happen to Earth's temperature without the greenhouse effect?
How does solar energy interact with the atmosphere once absorbed by Earth's surface?
How does solar energy interact with the atmosphere once absorbed by Earth's surface?
Why are greenhouse gases considered necessary for Earth?
Why are greenhouse gases considered necessary for Earth?
Which of the following is an effect of increasing levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?
Which of the following is an effect of increasing levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?
What is Nigeria's target year for its Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC)?
What is Nigeria's target year for its Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC)?
What is the total greenhouse gas emission per capita in Nigeria as of 2015?
What is the total greenhouse gas emission per capita in Nigeria as of 2015?
What percentage of global CO2 emissions was attributed to Nigeria in 2019?
What percentage of global CO2 emissions was attributed to Nigeria in 2019?
Which key measure aims for a 30% improvement by the year 2030 in Nigeria's climate strategy?
Which key measure aims for a 30% improvement by the year 2030 in Nigeria's climate strategy?
What is the unconditional mitigation objective stated in Nigeria's INDC?
What is the unconditional mitigation objective stated in Nigeria's INDC?
What does climate change encompass beyond global warming?
What does climate change encompass beyond global warming?
Which activities are primarily responsible for increased greenhouse gas emissions?
Which activities are primarily responsible for increased greenhouse gas emissions?
What is the primary difference between climate change and global warming?
What is the primary difference between climate change and global warming?
What does the Paris Agreement primarily aim to address?
What does the Paris Agreement primarily aim to address?
Which of the following is a consequence of global warming?
Which of the following is a consequence of global warming?
What is Global Warming Potential (GWP)?
What is Global Warming Potential (GWP)?
Which indicator suggests a significant rise in sea levels?
Which indicator suggests a significant rise in sea levels?
What role did the Sixth Assessment Report of the IPCC play in climate science?
What role did the Sixth Assessment Report of the IPCC play in climate science?
Which country had the highest greenhouse gas emissions in 2019?
Which country had the highest greenhouse gas emissions in 2019?
What is the projected impact of global warming on extreme weather events?
What is the projected impact of global warming on extreme weather events?
According to the information, what is the emission per capita for the USA in 2019?
According to the information, what is the emission per capita for the USA in 2019?
Which of the following is a major expected change in the climate system due to increasing global temperatures?
Which of the following is a major expected change in the climate system due to increasing global temperatures?
What does the SSP represent in the context of emissions scenarios?
What does the SSP represent in the context of emissions scenarios?
What is the relationship between global temperatures and the water cycle projected to be?
What is the relationship between global temperatures and the water cycle projected to be?
Which region had a greenhouse gas emission of 3,304 Mega Tons in 2019?
Which region had a greenhouse gas emission of 3,304 Mega Tons in 2019?
What temperature increase is predicted to be exceeded during the 21st century without significant emission reductions?
What temperature increase is predicted to be exceeded during the 21st century without significant emission reductions?
What property allows greenhouse gas molecules to absorb heat?
What property allows greenhouse gas molecules to absorb heat?
Why is carbon dioxide considered a significant greenhouse gas?
Why is carbon dioxide considered a significant greenhouse gas?
What percentage of greenhouse gases does carbon dioxide account for?
What percentage of greenhouse gases does carbon dioxide account for?
How does methane compare to carbon dioxide in terms of heat absorption?
How does methane compare to carbon dioxide in terms of heat absorption?
Which of the following best describes the relationship between greenhouse gases and the Earth's temperature?
Which of the following best describes the relationship between greenhouse gases and the Earth's temperature?
What is the molecular composition of methane?
What is the molecular composition of methane?
Why is it important to monitor carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere?
Why is it important to monitor carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere?
What is the primary factor that determines the magnitude of climate change beyond the next few decades?
What is the primary factor that determines the magnitude of climate change beyond the next few decades?
What characteristic of the atoms in greenhouse gas molecules allows them to vibrate when absorbing heat?
What characteristic of the atoms in greenhouse gas molecules allows them to vibrate when absorbing heat?
How do ocean surface waters contribute to sea level rise?
How do ocean surface waters contribute to sea level rise?
What significant change in average surface temperature has occurred since the late 19th century?
What significant change in average surface temperature has occurred since the late 19th century?
What percentage of heat from global warming has oceans absorbed?
What percentage of heat from global warming has oceans absorbed?
Which of the following facts does NOT contribute to the warming of ocean surface waters?
Which of the following facts does NOT contribute to the warming of ocean surface waters?
What phenomenon is primarily responsible for the non-uniform rise in global temperatures?
What phenomenon is primarily responsible for the non-uniform rise in global temperatures?
What is one effect of global warming on sea levels?
What is one effect of global warming on sea levels?
Through what time frame can greenhouse gases remain in the atmosphere?
Through what time frame can greenhouse gases remain in the atmosphere?
Which human activities have been identified as increasing greenhouse gas emissions?
Which human activities have been identified as increasing greenhouse gas emissions?
What does the Sixth Assessment Report of the IPCC highlight?
What does the Sixth Assessment Report of the IPCC highlight?
What is meant by the term Global Warming Potential (GWP)?
What is meant by the term Global Warming Potential (GWP)?
Which of the following statements regarding the Paris Agreement is true?
Which of the following statements regarding the Paris Agreement is true?
What aspect does climate change analysis primarily focus on?
What aspect does climate change analysis primarily focus on?
What is the emission per capita for the USA according to the 2019 data?
What is the emission per capita for the USA according to the 2019 data?
Which statement accurately reflects a projected outcome of increasing global temperatures?
Which statement accurately reflects a projected outcome of increasing global temperatures?
Which of the following is expected to contribute to rising sea levels by the end of the century?
Which of the following is expected to contribute to rising sea levels by the end of the century?
Which greenhouse gas is highlighted for requiring deep reductions to prevent exceeding 2°C of warming?
Which greenhouse gas is highlighted for requiring deep reductions to prevent exceeding 2°C of warming?
Which region had the lowest greenhouse gas emissions per capita in 2019?
Which region had the lowest greenhouse gas emissions per capita in 2019?
What trend is projected for global surface temperature under all emissions scenarios through at least the mid-century?
What trend is projected for global surface temperature under all emissions scenarios through at least the mid-century?
What impact of climate change includes agricultural and ecological droughts in some regions?
What impact of climate change includes agricultural and ecological droughts in some regions?
What is the primary objective of the Paris Agreement?
What is the primary objective of the Paris Agreement?
What does a higher Global Warming Potential (GWP) indicate about a greenhouse gas?
What does a higher Global Warming Potential (GWP) indicate about a greenhouse gas?
How often do countries review their climate action commitments under the Paris Agreement?
How often do countries review their climate action commitments under the Paris Agreement?
Which greenhouse gas has the highest Global Warming Potential (GWP) according to the provided estimates?
Which greenhouse gas has the highest Global Warming Potential (GWP) according to the provided estimates?
What does Global Warming Potential (GWP) provide for greenhouse gases?
What does Global Warming Potential (GWP) provide for greenhouse gases?
Which statement accurately describes the goal of countries under the Paris Agreement?
Which statement accurately describes the goal of countries under the Paris Agreement?
Which gas contributes a GWP of 25 according to the given estimates?
Which gas contributes a GWP of 25 according to the given estimates?
What significant action is emphasized in the Paris Agreement to combat climate change?
What significant action is emphasized in the Paris Agreement to combat climate change?
What is Nigeria's unconditional mitigation objective by 2030?
What is Nigeria's unconditional mitigation objective by 2030?
What is the target year for Nigeria's Intended Nationally Determined Contribution?
What is the target year for Nigeria's Intended Nationally Determined Contribution?
What is the per capita emission of CO2 for Nigeria in 2019?
What is the per capita emission of CO2 for Nigeria in 2019?
What key measure is Nigeria planning to achieve energy efficiency by 2030?
What key measure is Nigeria planning to achieve energy efficiency by 2030?
Which of the following is a key aspect of Nigeria's Intended Nationally Determined Contribution?
Which of the following is a key aspect of Nigeria's Intended Nationally Determined Contribution?
What is the main impact of nitrous oxide despite its lower concentration in the atmosphere?
What is the main impact of nitrous oxide despite its lower concentration in the atmosphere?
How long does methane typically remain in the atmosphere before breaking down?
How long does methane typically remain in the atmosphere before breaking down?
Which greenhouse gas is primarily responsible for feedback mechanisms in the climate system?
Which greenhouse gas is primarily responsible for feedback mechanisms in the climate system?
What distinguishes fluorinated gases from natural greenhouse gases?
What distinguishes fluorinated gases from natural greenhouse gases?
What is significant about the ozone hole in relation to climate change?
What is significant about the ozone hole in relation to climate change?
Which property of greenhouse gases significantly affects their impact on climate change?
Which property of greenhouse gases significantly affects their impact on climate change?
How do nitrogen and oxygen gases compare to greenhouse gases in terms of climate impact?
How do nitrogen and oxygen gases compare to greenhouse gases in terms of climate impact?
Which characteristic makes fluorinated gases particularly concerning for the atmosphere?
Which characteristic makes fluorinated gases particularly concerning for the atmosphere?
What is projected to happen to the effectiveness of land and ocean carbon sinks as CO2 emissions increase?
What is projected to happen to the effectiveness of land and ocean carbon sinks as CO2 emissions increase?
What is a crucial requirement for limiting human-induced global warming to a specific level?
What is a crucial requirement for limiting human-induced global warming to a specific level?
What impact would strong reductions in methane (CH4) emissions have aside from limiting warming effects?
What impact would strong reductions in methane (CH4) emissions have aside from limiting warming effects?
What warning did the IFCC report of 2018 provide regarding global warming?
What warning did the IFCC report of 2018 provide regarding global warming?
What is one strategy suggested to reduce carbon emissions effectively?
What is one strategy suggested to reduce carbon emissions effectively?
What is the expected outcome from scenarios with low greenhouse gas emissions?
What is the expected outcome from scenarios with low greenhouse gas emissions?
Which aspect of climate change is considered irreversible for centuries to millennia?
Which aspect of climate change is considered irreversible for centuries to millennia?
What approach is necessary for achieving net zero CO2 emissions?
What approach is necessary for achieving net zero CO2 emissions?
What distinguishes global warming from climate change?
What distinguishes global warming from climate change?
Which of the following human activities contributes significantly to the increase in greenhouse gases?
Which of the following human activities contributes significantly to the increase in greenhouse gases?
Which phenomenon indicates the broader range of changes happening to Earth due to human activities?
Which phenomenon indicates the broader range of changes happening to Earth due to human activities?
What is one major effect caused by global warming?
What is one major effect caused by global warming?
What does the term 'Global Warming Potential' (GWP) signify?
What does the term 'Global Warming Potential' (GWP) signify?
What role does the Paris Agreement play in climate action?
What role does the Paris Agreement play in climate action?
What is a consequence of increasing levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?
What is a consequence of increasing levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?
Which report evaluated the influence of human activities on global warming?
Which report evaluated the influence of human activities on global warming?
What is the primary distinction between weather and climate?
What is the primary distinction between weather and climate?
What role do greenhouse gases play in relation to Earth's temperature?
What role do greenhouse gases play in relation to Earth's temperature?
Which statement accurately describes the greenhouse effect?
Which statement accurately describes the greenhouse effect?
What would happen to Earth's temperature without greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide?
What would happen to Earth's temperature without greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide?
What are greenhouse gases primarily composed of?
What are greenhouse gases primarily composed of?
How do greenhouse gases affect heat radiated from Earth's surface?
How do greenhouse gases affect heat radiated from Earth's surface?
What is the effect of rising levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?
What is the effect of rising levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?
What is a significant feature of climate as opposed to weather?
What is a significant feature of climate as opposed to weather?
Which greenhouse gas contributes to the greenhouse effect but does not significantly directly cause global warming?
Which greenhouse gas contributes to the greenhouse effect but does not significantly directly cause global warming?
Which greenhouse gas is known to strengthen the greenhouse effect by being 300 times more potent than carbon dioxide?
Which greenhouse gas is known to strengthen the greenhouse effect by being 300 times more potent than carbon dioxide?
What is the primary consequence of fluorinated gases in the atmosphere?
What is the primary consequence of fluorinated gases in the atmosphere?
Which of the following gases is a consequence of natural biological processes yet contributes to overproduction due to human activity?
Which of the following gases is a consequence of natural biological processes yet contributes to overproduction due to human activity?
How long does nitrous oxide remain in the atmosphere compared to methane?
How long does nitrous oxide remain in the atmosphere compared to methane?
What role does water vapor play in relation to climate change?
What role does water vapor play in relation to climate change?
What is a significant challenge posed by fluorinated gases compared to natural greenhouse gases?
What is a significant challenge posed by fluorinated gases compared to natural greenhouse gases?
What distinguishes fluorinated gases from other greenhouse gases?
What distinguishes fluorinated gases from other greenhouse gases?
What do countries outline in their nationally determined contributions (NDCs)?
What do countries outline in their nationally determined contributions (NDCs)?
What is the difference between nationally determined contributions (NDCs) and long-term low greenhouse gas emission development strategies (LT-LEDS)?
What is the difference between nationally determined contributions (NDCs) and long-term low greenhouse gas emission development strategies (LT-LEDS)?
According to the Sixth Assessment Report, what aspect of climate change is highlighted as unprecedented?
According to the Sixth Assessment Report, what aspect of climate change is highlighted as unprecedented?
What does the enhanced transparency framework (ETF) established by the Paris Agreement require from countries starting in 2024?
What does the enhanced transparency framework (ETF) established by the Paris Agreement require from countries starting in 2024?
What is one consequence of human-induced climate change as noted in the IPCC's findings?
What is one consequence of human-induced climate change as noted in the IPCC's findings?
What is the significance of the best estimate of equilibrium climate sensitivity reported by the IPCC?
What is the significance of the best estimate of equilibrium climate sensitivity reported by the IPCC?
What role do long-term low greenhouse gas emission development strategies serve under the Paris Agreement?
What role do long-term low greenhouse gas emission development strategies serve under the Paris Agreement?
What is a key finding regarding weather extremes as per the Sixth Assessment Report?
What is a key finding regarding weather extremes as per the Sixth Assessment Report?
What is necessary to limit human-induced global warming effectively?
What is necessary to limit human-induced global warming effectively?
What is one projected consequence of rising CO2 emissions on carbon sinks?
What is one projected consequence of rising CO2 emissions on carbon sinks?
What action could improve air quality while limiting global warming effects from aerosols?
What action could improve air quality while limiting global warming effects from aerosols?
According to the IFCC report of 2018, what is the urgency concerning global warming?
According to the IFCC report of 2018, what is the urgency concerning global warming?
What is a key finding about the changes due to greenhouse gas emissions?
What is a key finding about the changes due to greenhouse gas emissions?
How do low greenhouse gas emissions scenarios impact air quality?
How do low greenhouse gas emissions scenarios impact air quality?
What is one proposed method to incentivize reductions in carbon pollution?
What is one proposed method to incentivize reductions in carbon pollution?
What is expected to happen to the effectiveness of carbon sinks with increasing greenhouse gas emissions?
What is expected to happen to the effectiveness of carbon sinks with increasing greenhouse gas emissions?
What is a primary function of emissions trading systems (ETS)?
What is a primary function of emissions trading systems (ETS)?
Which of the following countries implemented a successful carbon tax that was redistributed to citizens?
Which of the following countries implemented a successful carbon tax that was redistributed to citizens?
What investment amount did the IPCC indicate is necessary annually until 2050 to ensure a safe trajectory for the planet?
What investment amount did the IPCC indicate is necessary annually until 2050 to ensure a safe trajectory for the planet?
Which renewable energy technology attracted the most capacity investment in 2018?
Which renewable energy technology attracted the most capacity investment in 2018?
What are corporations increasingly committing to in response to climate change?
What are corporations increasingly committing to in response to climate change?
Why did global investment in renewable energy in 2018 experience a 12% decline compared to 2017?
Why did global investment in renewable energy in 2018 experience a 12% decline compared to 2017?
What significant action is Britain expected to take regarding vehicle manufacturing by 2030?
What significant action is Britain expected to take regarding vehicle manufacturing by 2030?
What notable outcome was observed with the global investment figure for renewable energy in 2018?
What notable outcome was observed with the global investment figure for renewable energy in 2018?
What does climate change encompass?
What does climate change encompass?
Which activity has notably increased greenhouse gas emissions?
Which activity has notably increased greenhouse gas emissions?
How does global warming relate to climate change?
How does global warming relate to climate change?
What is one effect caused by global warming?
What is one effect caused by global warming?
What role does the Paris Agreement play in addressing climate change?
What role does the Paris Agreement play in addressing climate change?
What is a potential policy solution for mitigating climate change?
What is a potential policy solution for mitigating climate change?
Why is the Sixth Assessment Report of the IPCC significant?
Why is the Sixth Assessment Report of the IPCC significant?
Which greenhouse gas has a Global Warming Potential (GWP) of 14800?
Which greenhouse gas has a Global Warming Potential (GWP) of 14800?
What is the primary long-term goal of the Paris Agreement?
What is the primary long-term goal of the Paris Agreement?
Which statement best describes the implementation cycle of the Paris Agreement?
Which statement best describes the implementation cycle of the Paris Agreement?
What was the date when the Paris Agreement was adopted?
What was the date when the Paris Agreement was adopted?
What is the significance of a GWP of 1 for Carbon Dioxide (CO2)?
What is the significance of a GWP of 1 for Carbon Dioxide (CO2)?
What is a primary purpose of Global Warming Potentials (GWPs)?
What is a primary purpose of Global Warming Potentials (GWPs)?
What was the total global GHG emissions in 2019 measured in Mega Tons?
What was the total global GHG emissions in 2019 measured in Mega Tons?
Which country had the highest GHG emission per capita in 2019?
Which country had the highest GHG emission per capita in 2019?
What is one of the projected climate changes associated with an increase in global temperatures?
What is one of the projected climate changes associated with an increase in global temperatures?
What is one major scenario used to derive greenhouse gas emissions trajectories?
What is one major scenario used to derive greenhouse gas emissions trajectories?
How much did India's GHG emissions total in 2019?
How much did India's GHG emissions total in 2019?
What effect is projected to intensify alongside continued global warming?
What effect is projected to intensify alongside continued global warming?
What increase in global temperature is anticipated to be exceeded during the 21st century if significant emissions reductions do not occur?
What increase in global temperature is anticipated to be exceeded during the 21st century if significant emissions reductions do not occur?
Which region had GHG emissions of 3,304 Mega Tons in 2019?
Which region had GHG emissions of 3,304 Mega Tons in 2019?
What primarily determines the magnitude of climate change in the coming decades?
What primarily determines the magnitude of climate change in the coming decades?
What percentage of the approximately 20-centimeter sea level rise in the past century is attributed to warming ocean surface waters?
What percentage of the approximately 20-centimeter sea level rise in the past century is attributed to warming ocean surface waters?
How has the planet's average surface temperature changed since the late 19th century?
How has the planet's average surface temperature changed since the late 19th century?
What role does water play in terms of heat absorption from the Earth's atmosphere?
What role does water play in terms of heat absorption from the Earth's atmosphere?
What is indicated by the findings of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)?
What is indicated by the findings of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)?
What happens to very cold and salty water in Earth's polar regions?
What happens to very cold and salty water in Earth's polar regions?
Which statement best describes the relationship between greenhouse gas emissions and atmospheric concentrations?
Which statement best describes the relationship between greenhouse gas emissions and atmospheric concentrations?
What is the primary characteristic of water regarding temperature changes?
What is the primary characteristic of water regarding temperature changes?
What aspect distinguishes a carbon tax from an emissions trading system?
What aspect distinguishes a carbon tax from an emissions trading system?
According to investment trends, what was the global investment in renewable energy capacity in 2018?
According to investment trends, what was the global investment in renewable energy capacity in 2018?
What was a significant factor affecting renewable energy investment in 2018?
What was a significant factor affecting renewable energy investment in 2018?
What is one major commitment that prominent corporations are increasingly making regarding carbon emissions?
What is one major commitment that prominent corporations are increasingly making regarding carbon emissions?
What is the anticipated impact on automotive manufacturing in Britain after 2030?
What is the anticipated impact on automotive manufacturing in Britain after 2030?
Which of the following figures represents the investment necessary for climate action as stated by the IPCC?
Which of the following figures represents the investment necessary for climate action as stated by the IPCC?
Which of the following statements is true regarding the carbon tax in different countries?
Which of the following statements is true regarding the carbon tax in different countries?
Which greenhouse gas has a breakdown time of approximately 114 years?
Which greenhouse gas has a breakdown time of approximately 114 years?
What primary characteristic distinguishes fluorinated gases from naturally occurring greenhouse gases?
What primary characteristic distinguishes fluorinated gases from naturally occurring greenhouse gases?
Which gas contributes to warming but also acts as a feedback mechanism in the climate system?
Which gas contributes to warming but also acts as a feedback mechanism in the climate system?
How much stronger is nitrous oxide compared to carbon dioxide in terms of its greenhouse gas effect?
How much stronger is nitrous oxide compared to carbon dioxide in terms of its greenhouse gas effect?
What is a consequence of the presence of fluorinated gases in the atmosphere?
What is a consequence of the presence of fluorinated gases in the atmosphere?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of water vapor regarding its role in climate change?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of water vapor regarding its role in climate change?
How long does methane typically remain in the atmosphere?
How long does methane typically remain in the atmosphere?
What is the main source of excessive nitrous oxide in the atmosphere?
What is the main source of excessive nitrous oxide in the atmosphere?
Which region experienced the highest percentage increase in renewable energy investment in 2018?
Which region experienced the highest percentage increase in renewable energy investment in 2018?
Which country had the highest renewable energy investment in 2018?
Which country had the highest renewable energy investment in 2018?
How much did the investment in renewable energy capacity in 2018 compare to the investment in coal and gas-fired generation capacity?
How much did the investment in renewable energy capacity in 2018 compare to the investment in coal and gas-fired generation capacity?
Which of the following countries did NOT see a significant increase in renewable energy investment in 2018?
Which of the following countries did NOT see a significant increase in renewable energy investment in 2018?
What trend was observed regarding investment in China’s renewable energy sector in 2018?
What trend was observed regarding investment in China’s renewable energy sector in 2018?
What primarily defines the concept of climate?
What primarily defines the concept of climate?
What is the greenhouse effect primarily responsible for?
What is the greenhouse effect primarily responsible for?
Which greenhouse gas is continuously rising and contributes to global warming?
Which greenhouse gas is continuously rising and contributes to global warming?
What would happen to Earth's temperature in the absence of greenhouse gases?
What would happen to Earth's temperature in the absence of greenhouse gases?
Which of the following best summarizes the difference between weather and climate?
Which of the following best summarizes the difference between weather and climate?
What role does carbon dioxide play in stabilizing Earth's atmosphere?
What role does carbon dioxide play in stabilizing Earth's atmosphere?
What is the primary difference between global warming and climate change?
What is the primary difference between global warming and climate change?
Which of the following statements correctly defines climate change?
Which of the following statements correctly defines climate change?
What is one significant impact of global warming mentioned?
What is one significant impact of global warming mentioned?
How do human activities contribute to climate change?
How do human activities contribute to climate change?
What is primarily assessed in the Sixth Assessment Report of the IPCC?
What is primarily assessed in the Sixth Assessment Report of the IPCC?
What is the significance of greenhouse gases in relation to climate change?
What is the significance of greenhouse gases in relation to climate change?
Which of the following is part of Nigeria's unconditional mitigation objectives under its INDC?
Which of the following is part of Nigeria's unconditional mitigation objectives under its INDC?
What was Nigeria's per capita CO2 emission in 2019?
What was Nigeria's per capita CO2 emission in 2019?
What is Nigeria's contribution to total global CO2 emissions as of 2019?
What is Nigeria's contribution to total global CO2 emissions as of 2019?
Which of the following measures is included in Nigeria's INDC to improve energy efficiency?
Which of the following measures is included in Nigeria's INDC to improve energy efficiency?
What effect does increasing greenhouse gas emissions have on atmospheric concentrations?
What effect does increasing greenhouse gas emissions have on atmospheric concentrations?
Which factor does NOT affect the duration a greenhouse gas remains in the atmosphere?
Which factor does NOT affect the duration a greenhouse gas remains in the atmosphere?
How has the average surface temperature of the planet changed since the late 19th century?
How has the average surface temperature of the planet changed since the late 19th century?
What is the primary cause of sea level rise observed in the past century?
What is the primary cause of sea level rise observed in the past century?
Which of the following is a significant consequence of ocean warming?
Which of the following is a significant consequence of ocean warming?
What statement best describes the temperature changes observed in the Earth's oceans?
What statement best describes the temperature changes observed in the Earth's oceans?
What does the term 'heat capacity' refer to in the context of water and climate change?
What does the term 'heat capacity' refer to in the context of water and climate change?
What key action do countries communicate in their nationally determined contributions (NDCs)?
What key action do countries communicate in their nationally determined contributions (NDCs)?
What is the purpose of the long-term low greenhouse gas emission development strategies (LT-LEDS)?
What is the purpose of the long-term low greenhouse gas emission development strategies (LT-LEDS)?
When will countries start reporting their climate actions under the enhanced transparency framework (ETF)?
When will countries start reporting their climate actions under the enhanced transparency framework (ETF)?
What does the Sixth Assessment Report of the IPCC state about recent changes in the climate system?
What does the Sixth Assessment Report of the IPCC state about recent changes in the climate system?
What is indicated about human-induced climate change and its impact on weather extremes?
What is indicated about human-induced climate change and its impact on weather extremes?
What is the best estimate of equilibrium climate sensitivity according to the IPCC's Sixth Assessment Report?
What is the best estimate of equilibrium climate sensitivity according to the IPCC's Sixth Assessment Report?
What has strengthened since the Fifth Assessment Report regarding human-induced climate change?
What has strengthened since the Fifth Assessment Report regarding human-induced climate change?
What distinguishes nationally determined contributions (NDCs) from long-term low greenhouse gas emission development strategies (LT-LEDS)?
What distinguishes nationally determined contributions (NDCs) from long-term low greenhouse gas emission development strategies (LT-LEDS)?
What is a characteristic of greenhouse gases that differentiates them from common atmospheric gases?
What is a characteristic of greenhouse gases that differentiates them from common atmospheric gases?
Why does carbon dioxide have a significant impact on climate despite being a small fraction of the atmosphere?
Why does carbon dioxide have a significant impact on climate despite being a small fraction of the atmosphere?
What allows greenhouse gas molecules to contribute to the greenhouse effect?
What allows greenhouse gas molecules to contribute to the greenhouse effect?
What is the primary factor contributing to the increase of carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere since the Industrial Revolution?
What is the primary factor contributing to the increase of carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere since the Industrial Revolution?
How much carbon dioxide was present in the atmosphere in the mid-19th Century?
How much carbon dioxide was present in the atmosphere in the mid-19th Century?
Which gas has the simplest molecular structure among the common greenhouse gases?
Which gas has the simplest molecular structure among the common greenhouse gases?
What percentage of greenhouse gases is accounted for by carbon dioxide?
What percentage of greenhouse gases is accounted for by carbon dioxide?
Which greenhouse gas has the highest Global Warming Potential (GWP) according to the estimates?
Which greenhouse gas has the highest Global Warming Potential (GWP) according to the estimates?
How often do countries review their commitments under the Paris Agreement?
How often do countries review their commitments under the Paris Agreement?
What factor primarily determines the magnitude of climate change beyond the next few decades?
What factor primarily determines the magnitude of climate change beyond the next few decades?
What is the GWP of Methane (CH4) over a 100-year period?
What is the GWP of Methane (CH4) over a 100-year period?
Which statement about ocean temperature and sea level rise is correct?
Which statement about ocean temperature and sea level rise is correct?
What significant impact of global warming has been noted by scientists?
What significant impact of global warming has been noted by scientists?
When was the Paris Agreement adopted?
When was the Paris Agreement adopted?
How does the ocean's heat capacity affect temperature changes?
How does the ocean's heat capacity affect temperature changes?
What is the GWP value assigned to Nitrogen Oxides (NO2) in the provided estimates?
What is the GWP value assigned to Nitrogen Oxides (NO2) in the provided estimates?
According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, what is expected regarding the net damage costs of climate change?
According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, what is expected regarding the net damage costs of climate change?
What is a consequence of the ocean's absorption of heat from global warming?
What is a consequence of the ocean's absorption of heat from global warming?
What is the typical temperature range for ocean surface water?
What is the typical temperature range for ocean surface water?
What contributes most significantly to the approximately 20-centimeter sea level rise seen in the past century?
What contributes most significantly to the approximately 20-centimeter sea level rise seen in the past century?
Which country had the highest investment in renewable energy in 2018?
Which country had the highest investment in renewable energy in 2018?
What was the percentage increase in renewable energy investment for the Middle East and Africa in 2018?
What was the percentage increase in renewable energy investment for the Middle East and Africa in 2018?
In 2018, how did the global investment in renewables capacity compare to that in coal and gas-fired generation?
In 2018, how did the global investment in renewables capacity compare to that in coal and gas-fired generation?
Which of the following showed a more than fivefold increase in renewable energy investment in 2018?
Which of the following showed a more than fivefold increase in renewable energy investment in 2018?
What are countries required to submit by 2020 under the Paris Agreement?
What are countries required to submit by 2020 under the Paris Agreement?
What does the enhanced transparency framework (ETF) established by the Paris Agreement require starting in 2024?
What does the enhanced transparency framework (ETF) established by the Paris Agreement require starting in 2024?
What is the primary difference between nationally determined contributions (NDCs) and long-term low greenhouse gas emission development strategies (LT-LEDS)?
What is the primary difference between nationally determined contributions (NDCs) and long-term low greenhouse gas emission development strategies (LT-LEDS)?
What has the Sixth Assessment Report by the IPCC unequivocally demonstrated regarding human influence?
What has the Sixth Assessment Report by the IPCC unequivocally demonstrated regarding human influence?
According to the IPCC, what is the best estimate of equilibrium climate sensitivity?
According to the IPCC, what is the best estimate of equilibrium climate sensitivity?
How have recent climate changes been characterized in the Sixth Assessment Report?
How have recent climate changes been characterized in the Sixth Assessment Report?
Which climate extremes have been increasingly attributed to human-induced climate change?
Which climate extremes have been increasingly attributed to human-induced climate change?
What is a primary characteristic of an emissions trading system (ETS)?
What is a primary characteristic of an emissions trading system (ETS)?
How has the carbon tax been perceived in France?
How has the carbon tax been perceived in France?
What investment amount did the IPCC recommend annually until 2050 to ensure a safe trajectory for the planet?
What investment amount did the IPCC recommend annually until 2050 to ensure a safe trajectory for the planet?
In 2018, which renewable energy technology attracted the most investment?
In 2018, which renewable energy technology attracted the most investment?
Which of the following reflects the trend in global investment in renewable energy capacity in 2018?
Which of the following reflects the trend in global investment in renewable energy capacity in 2018?
What is one major outcome of corporations' commitment to carbon reduction?
What is one major outcome of corporations' commitment to carbon reduction?
What was a major factor contributing to the decrease in renewable energy investment in 2018?
What was a major factor contributing to the decrease in renewable energy investment in 2018?
Which country has committed to only allowing electric vehicles to be manufactured after 2030?
Which country has committed to only allowing electric vehicles to be manufactured after 2030?
What distinguishes climate change from global warming?
What distinguishes climate change from global warming?
Which human activities have contributed to an increase in greenhouse gas emissions?
Which human activities have contributed to an increase in greenhouse gas emissions?
Which of the following best describes the term 'Global Warming Potential' (GWP)?
Which of the following best describes the term 'Global Warming Potential' (GWP)?
What role do greenhouse gases play in climate change?
What role do greenhouse gases play in climate change?
Which of the following statements about the Paris Agreement is accurate?
Which of the following statements about the Paris Agreement is accurate?
What significant climate-related outcomes are driven by global warming?
What significant climate-related outcomes are driven by global warming?
What is one expected outcome of climate change as noted in environmental assessments?
What is one expected outcome of climate change as noted in environmental assessments?
Which country had the highest investment in renewable energy capacity in 2018?
Which country had the highest investment in renewable energy capacity in 2018?
Which statement describes the significance of the Sixth Assessment Report by the IPCC?
Which statement describes the significance of the Sixth Assessment Report by the IPCC?
What was the percentage increase in investment in renewable energy capacity for the Middle East and Africa in 2018?
What was the percentage increase in investment in renewable energy capacity for the Middle East and Africa in 2018?
Which of the following countries did NOT see an increase in renewable energy investment in 2018?
Which of the following countries did NOT see an increase in renewable energy investment in 2018?
How much did investment in renewables capacity in 2018 compare to global investment in coal and gas-fired generation combined?
How much did investment in renewables capacity in 2018 compare to global investment in coal and gas-fired generation combined?
Which country's renewable energy investment in 2018 reached the highest record of $1.4 billion?
Which country's renewable energy investment in 2018 reached the highest record of $1.4 billion?
What is significant about long-term low greenhouse gas emission development strategies (LT-LEDS)?
What is significant about long-term low greenhouse gas emission development strategies (LT-LEDS)?
According to the IPCC's Sixth Assessment Report, what has been observed about recent changes in the climate system?
According to the IPCC's Sixth Assessment Report, what has been observed about recent changes in the climate system?
What does the enhanced transparency framework (ETF) require from countries starting in 2024?
What does the enhanced transparency framework (ETF) require from countries starting in 2024?
How has the understanding of the equilibrium climate sensitivity changed compared to previous assessments?
How has the understanding of the equilibrium climate sensitivity changed compared to previous assessments?
What types of extreme weather events have been affected by human-induced climate change according to the IPCC?
What types of extreme weather events have been affected by human-induced climate change according to the IPCC?
What aspect of climate change does the Paris Agreement primarily seek to address through NDCs?
What aspect of climate change does the Paris Agreement primarily seek to address through NDCs?
What distinguishes the actions reported under the enhanced transparency framework (ETF) from previous reports?
What distinguishes the actions reported under the enhanced transparency framework (ETF) from previous reports?
What factor primarily determines the significant climate change projected for this century?
What factor primarily determines the significant climate change projected for this century?
What has contributed to about a third of the approximately 20-centimeter rise in sea level over the past century?
What has contributed to about a third of the approximately 20-centimeter rise in sea level over the past century?
Which statement about global temperatures since the late 19th century is accurate?
Which statement about global temperatures since the late 19th century is accurate?
What is the effect of water's high heat capacity on temperature changes in the ocean?
What is the effect of water's high heat capacity on temperature changes in the ocean?
What is a primary factor that describes how long greenhouse gases stay in the atmosphere?
What is a primary factor that describes how long greenhouse gases stay in the atmosphere?
Which aspect of climate change is likely to increase over time according to the Intergovernmental Panel of Climate Change?
Which aspect of climate change is likely to increase over time according to the Intergovernmental Panel of Climate Change?
Which country contributed the highest amount of greenhouse gas emissions in 2019?
Which country contributed the highest amount of greenhouse gas emissions in 2019?
What temperature range does ocean surface water typically exist in?
What temperature range does ocean surface water typically exist in?
What is the GHG emission per capita for the USA as recorded in 2019?
What is the GHG emission per capita for the USA as recorded in 2019?
How does the melting of land-based ice sheets contribute to sea level rise?
How does the melting of land-based ice sheets contribute to sea level rise?
What is projected to happen to global surface temperature under all emissions scenarios until at least mid-century?
What is projected to happen to global surface temperature under all emissions scenarios until at least mid-century?
Which factor is NOT expected to intensify as global temperatures rise?
Which factor is NOT expected to intensify as global temperatures rise?
Which of these changes is associated with increased global warming?
Which of these changes is associated with increased global warming?
What is the total world GHG emissions in Mega Tons as of 2019?
What is the total world GHG emissions in Mega Tons as of 2019?
Which of the following scenarios describes SSP (Socio Economic Pathway)?
Which of the following scenarios describes SSP (Socio Economic Pathway)?
Which greenhouse gas is primarily responsible for the majority of warming according to current scientific understanding?
Which greenhouse gas is primarily responsible for the majority of warming according to current scientific understanding?
What is a projected effect of global warming on the frost-free and growing seasons?
What is a projected effect of global warming on the frost-free and growing seasons?
What is expected to happen to hurricane intensity as climate change progresses?
What is expected to happen to hurricane intensity as climate change progresses?
How much is sea level expected to rise by the year 2100?
How much is sea level expected to rise by the year 2100?
What phenomenon is projected to happen in the Arctic Ocean by mid-century?
What phenomenon is projected to happen in the Arctic Ocean by mid-century?
What is likely to be affected by changes in precipitation patterns due to global warming?
What is likely to be affected by changes in precipitation patterns due to global warming?
What effect does CO2 have compared to nitrous oxide and fluorinated gases?
What effect does CO2 have compared to nitrous oxide and fluorinated gases?
What factor primarily contributes to rising sea levels?
What factor primarily contributes to rising sea levels?
What is a significant consequence of more frequent droughts and heat waves projected by global warming?
What is a significant consequence of more frequent droughts and heat waves projected by global warming?
What percentage increase did investment in renewables see in the Middle East and Africa in 2018?
What percentage increase did investment in renewables see in the Middle East and Africa in 2018?
Which of the following countries had one of the most significant increases in renewable energy investment, reportedly jumping more than fivefold in 2018?
Which of the following countries had one of the most significant increases in renewable energy investment, reportedly jumping more than fivefold in 2018?
How does the investment in renewable capacity in 2018 compare to global investment in coal and gas-fired generation capacity combined?
How does the investment in renewable capacity in 2018 compare to global investment in coal and gas-fired generation capacity combined?
What was the total investment amount for Spain, Vietnam, Ukraine, and South Africa when they exceeded the $1 billion barrier in renewable energy investments in 2018?
What was the total investment amount for Spain, Vietnam, Ukraine, and South Africa when they exceeded the $1 billion barrier in renewable energy investments in 2018?
What is the total GHG emissions per capita for Nigeria in 2015?
What is the total GHG emissions per capita for Nigeria in 2015?
What is the unconditional mitigation objective set by Nigeria for its Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC)?
What is the unconditional mitigation objective set by Nigeria for its Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC)?
By what year does Nigeria aim to work towards ending gas flaring according to its INDC?
By what year does Nigeria aim to work towards ending gas flaring according to its INDC?
What is Nigeria's target for energy efficiency improvement from 2015 to 2030?
What is Nigeria's target for energy efficiency improvement from 2015 to 2030?
What percentage of the world's total CO2 emissions did Nigeria contribute in 2019?
What percentage of the world's total CO2 emissions did Nigeria contribute in 2019?
What is the approximate global greenhouse gas emissions figure for 2019?
What is the approximate global greenhouse gas emissions figure for 2019?
According to projections, how much increase in global surface temperature is expected to continue until at least mid-century?
According to projections, how much increase in global surface temperature is expected to continue until at least mid-century?
Which of these regions had the lowest greenhouse gas emissions per capita in 2019?
Which of these regions had the lowest greenhouse gas emissions per capita in 2019?
What is the likely consequence if deep reductions in carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases do not occur in the coming decades?
What is the likely consequence if deep reductions in carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases do not occur in the coming decades?
Which factor is NOT mentioned as a major change in the climate system due to global warming?
Which factor is NOT mentioned as a major change in the climate system due to global warming?
Which of the following greenhouse gases has the largest impact on climate warming?
Which of the following greenhouse gases has the largest impact on climate warming?
Which of the following statements about the Socio Economic Pathway (SSP) is true?
Which of the following statements about the Socio Economic Pathway (SSP) is true?
What is one anticipated effect of continued global warming on the global water cycle?
What is one anticipated effect of continued global warming on the global water cycle?
What is the structure characteristic of greenhouse gas molecules?
What is the structure characteristic of greenhouse gas molecules?
How much stronger is methane compared to carbon dioxide in terms of its warming potential?
How much stronger is methane compared to carbon dioxide in terms of its warming potential?
What effect does carbon dioxide have on the atmosphere despite its relatively low concentration?
What effect does carbon dioxide have on the atmosphere despite its relatively low concentration?
Which of the following gases accounts for the majority of the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere?
Which of the following gases accounts for the majority of the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere?
What is a common characteristic of most greenhouse gas molecules?
What is a common characteristic of most greenhouse gas molecules?
What has contributed to the increase in carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere since the mid-19th century?
What has contributed to the increase in carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere since the mid-19th century?
What is true about water vapor in the context of greenhouse gases?
What is true about water vapor in the context of greenhouse gases?
What is the primary mechanism of emissions trading systems (ETS)?
What is the primary mechanism of emissions trading systems (ETS)?
Which country is mentioned as having had a successful implementation of a carbon tax?
Which country is mentioned as having had a successful implementation of a carbon tax?
What investment is highlighted as necessary annually until 2050 to ensure planetary safety?
What investment is highlighted as necessary annually until 2050 to ensure planetary safety?
What action has Britain committed to regarding electric vehicles by 2030?
What action has Britain committed to regarding electric vehicles by 2030?
What was the total global investment in renewable energy capacity in 2018?
What was the total global investment in renewable energy capacity in 2018?
How much did solar energy investment decrease in 2018 compared to 2017?
How much did solar energy investment decrease in 2018 compared to 2017?
What is the primary reason fluorinated gases are concerning for the atmosphere?
What is the primary reason fluorinated gases are concerning for the atmosphere?
Which company's commitment includes achieving carbon neutrality by 2050?
Which company's commitment includes achieving carbon neutrality by 2050?
What is a notable characteristic of water vapor in relation to climate change?
What is a notable characteristic of water vapor in relation to climate change?
Which factor contributed to the decline in global investment in renewable energy in 2018?
Which factor contributed to the decline in global investment in renewable energy in 2018?
How does the strength of nitrous oxide compare to CO2 despite its lower concentration?
How does the strength of nitrous oxide compare to CO2 despite its lower concentration?
What role does methane play in the atmosphere relative to carbon dioxide?
What role does methane play in the atmosphere relative to carbon dioxide?
What is a defining feature of High Global Warming Potential (GWP) gases?
What is a defining feature of High Global Warming Potential (GWP) gases?
Which greenhouse gas has the shortest atmospheric lifespan?
Which greenhouse gas has the shortest atmospheric lifespan?
What is the primary source of nitrous oxide overproduction?
What is the primary source of nitrous oxide overproduction?
How does nitrous oxide contribute to the nitrogen cycle?
How does nitrous oxide contribute to the nitrogen cycle?
What is the primary distinction between climate change and global warming?
What is the primary distinction between climate change and global warming?
What role does human activity play in climate change?
What role does human activity play in climate change?
Which statement accurately describes greenhouse gases?
Which statement accurately describes greenhouse gases?
Which of the following actions is a potential policy solution to climate change?
Which of the following actions is a potential policy solution to climate change?
What significant event highlighted the human impact on climate change according to the IPCC?
What significant event highlighted the human impact on climate change according to the IPCC?
What distinguishes climate from weather?
What distinguishes climate from weather?
What effect does the greenhouse effect have on Earth's temperature?
What effect does the greenhouse effect have on Earth's temperature?
Which gas is primarily responsible for maintaining Earth's temperature through the greenhouse effect?
Which gas is primarily responsible for maintaining Earth's temperature through the greenhouse effect?
Which phenomenon is primarily caused by the rising levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere?
Which phenomenon is primarily caused by the rising levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere?
What is one consequence of a decrease in carbon dioxide levels on Earth?
What is one consequence of a decrease in carbon dioxide levels on Earth?
Which of the following correctly describes solar energy absorption by the Earth?
Which of the following correctly describes solar energy absorption by the Earth?
Which gases are considered greenhouse gases that contribute to the greenhouse effect?
Which gases are considered greenhouse gases that contribute to the greenhouse effect?
How does the greenhouse effect function in relation to heat absorption by the Earth?
How does the greenhouse effect function in relation to heat absorption by the Earth?
What property of greenhouse gas molecules allows them to absorb heat?
What property of greenhouse gas molecules allows them to absorb heat?
Which greenhouse gas accounts for the largest percentage of greenhouse gas emissions?
Which greenhouse gas accounts for the largest percentage of greenhouse gas emissions?
Why is methane considered a more powerful greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide?
Why is methane considered a more powerful greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide?
What is the approximate current concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?
What is the approximate current concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?
What happens to heat after it is absorbed by greenhouse gas molecules?
What happens to heat after it is absorbed by greenhouse gas molecules?
Which type of gas primarily makes up the majority of the atmosphere but does not contribute to the greenhouse effect?
Which type of gas primarily makes up the majority of the atmosphere but does not contribute to the greenhouse effect?
What was the carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere during the mid-19th Century?
What was the carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere during the mid-19th Century?
What type of molecular structure do the major greenhouse gases possess?
What type of molecular structure do the major greenhouse gases possess?
Which of the following is a consequence of increasing droughts and heat waves due to global warming?
Which of the following is a consequence of increasing droughts and heat waves due to global warming?
What is the expected rise in global sea levels by the year 2100?
What is the expected rise in global sea levels by the year 2100?
How do fluorinated gases differ from CO2 in terms of their impact on global warming?
How do fluorinated gases differ from CO2 in terms of their impact on global warming?
What is projected to occur with hurricane intensity as the climate continues to warm?
What is projected to occur with hurricane intensity as the climate continues to warm?
What is one expected effect of global warming on the Arctic region?
What is one expected effect of global warming on the Arctic region?
What will be a consequence of the combination of storm surges, high tides, and sea-level rise?
What will be a consequence of the combination of storm surges, high tides, and sea-level rise?
What primary factor contributes to the increase in average temperatures during summer, as discussed in the effects of global warming?
What primary factor contributes to the increase in average temperatures during summer, as discussed in the effects of global warming?
Which of the following is not a projected effect of global warming?
Which of the following is not a projected effect of global warming?
What is one expected consequence of increasing CO2 emissions on the ocean and land carbon sinks?
What is one expected consequence of increasing CO2 emissions on the ocean and land carbon sinks?
What major change is expected to be irreversible for centuries to millennia due to greenhouse gas emissions?
What major change is expected to be irreversible for centuries to millennia due to greenhouse gas emissions?
Which approach is emphasized for effectively limiting human-induced global warming?
Which approach is emphasized for effectively limiting human-induced global warming?
What primarily determines the magnitude of climate change over the next few decades?
What primarily determines the magnitude of climate change over the next few decades?
What did the IFCC report of 2018 indicate regarding global warming?
What did the IFCC report of 2018 indicate regarding global warming?
Which statement accurately reflects the temperature changes observed since the late 19th century?
Which statement accurately reflects the temperature changes observed since the late 19th century?
How do scenarios with low greenhouse gas emissions influence air quality compared to high emissions scenarios?
How do scenarios with low greenhouse gas emissions influence air quality compared to high emissions scenarios?
What has been the impact of ocean warming on sea levels?
What has been the impact of ocean warming on sea levels?
What is the benefit of putting a price on carbon pollution?
What is the benefit of putting a price on carbon pollution?
What role does water play in the context of climate change and temperature regulation?
What role does water play in the context of climate change and temperature regulation?
What outcome is likely from strong, rapid, and sustained reductions in methane emissions?
What outcome is likely from strong, rapid, and sustained reductions in methane emissions?
What is the cause of the majority of sea level rise observed in the past century?
What is the cause of the majority of sea level rise observed in the past century?
Which of the following statements about cumulative CO2 emissions is correct?
Which of the following statements about cumulative CO2 emissions is correct?
Which of the following reflects the results of assessments made by the Intergovernmental Panel of Climate Change (IPCC)?
Which of the following reflects the results of assessments made by the Intergovernmental Panel of Climate Change (IPCC)?
What does the term 'global warming potential' (GWP) primarily measure?
What does the term 'global warming potential' (GWP) primarily measure?
Why do very cold and very salty waters sink in the polar regions?
Why do very cold and very salty waters sink in the polar regions?
Which of the following countries saw its renewable energy capacity investment jump by more than fivefold in 2018?
Which of the following countries saw its renewable energy capacity investment jump by more than fivefold in 2018?
How much did the global investment in renewables capacity in 2018 compare to coal and gas-fired generation capacity combined?
How much did the global investment in renewables capacity in 2018 compare to coal and gas-fired generation capacity combined?
Which region experienced an overall investment of $16.1 billion in renewable energy in 2018?
Which region experienced an overall investment of $16.1 billion in renewable energy in 2018?
What is Nigeria's target year for its Intended Nationally Determined Contribution?
What is Nigeria's target year for its Intended Nationally Determined Contribution?
What is the unconditional mitigation objective percentage set by Nigeria?
What is the unconditional mitigation objective percentage set by Nigeria?
By how much does Nigeria aim to improve energy efficiency per year until 2030?
By how much does Nigeria aim to improve energy efficiency per year until 2030?
What percentage of global CO2 emissions did Nigeria contribute in 2019?
What percentage of global CO2 emissions did Nigeria contribute in 2019?
What is the per capita emission of CO2 for Nigeria as reported in 2019?
What is the per capita emission of CO2 for Nigeria as reported in 2019?
What key factor distinguishes weather from climate?
What key factor distinguishes weather from climate?
What is one of the primary roles of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere?
What is one of the primary roles of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere?
How much cooler would Earth's surface be without carbon dioxide?
How much cooler would Earth's surface be without carbon dioxide?
Which of the following statements about the greenhouse effect is accurate?
Which of the following statements about the greenhouse effect is accurate?
What is the primary consequence of increasing levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?
What is the primary consequence of increasing levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?
What describes the relationship between solar energy and greenhouse gases?
What describes the relationship between solar energy and greenhouse gases?
Which statement best explains how climate is typically perceived over time?
Which statement best explains how climate is typically perceived over time?
Which gases are examples of greenhouse gases mentioned?
Which gases are examples of greenhouse gases mentioned?
What is the main feature of an Emissions Trading System (ETS)?
What is the main feature of an Emissions Trading System (ETS)?
What effect did the carbon tax have in France?
What effect did the carbon tax have in France?
What amount of investment is estimated to be required annually till 2050 to set the planet on a safe trajectory according to the IPCC?
What amount of investment is estimated to be required annually till 2050 to set the planet on a safe trajectory according to the IPCC?
What was the global investment in renewable energy capacity in 2018?
What was the global investment in renewable energy capacity in 2018?
Which of the following companies has pledged to go carbon neutral by between 2030 and 2050?
Which of the following companies has pledged to go carbon neutral by between 2030 and 2050?
How did the investment in renewable energy in 2018 compare to 2017?
How did the investment in renewable energy in 2018 compare to 2017?
What was a consequence related to the financing of solar projects in China in 2018?
What was a consequence related to the financing of solar projects in China in 2018?
What is the primary way greenhouse gases contribute to climate change?
What is the primary way greenhouse gases contribute to climate change?
Which greenhouse gas is noted for absorbing more heat than carbon dioxide?
Which greenhouse gas is noted for absorbing more heat than carbon dioxide?
What is the proportion of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere as noted in recent measurements?
What is the proportion of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere as noted in recent measurements?
Which characteristic of greenhouse gas molecules allows them to absorb and emit radiation effectively?
Which characteristic of greenhouse gas molecules allows them to absorb and emit radiation effectively?
How does the structure of greenhouse gases differ from most of the atmosphere, which is predominantly nitrogen and oxygen?
How does the structure of greenhouse gases differ from most of the atmosphere, which is predominantly nitrogen and oxygen?
What role does methane play as a greenhouse gas compared to carbon dioxide?
What role does methane play as a greenhouse gas compared to carbon dioxide?
What is one major source contributing to an increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide levels?
What is one major source contributing to an increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide levels?
Which statement about the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is true?
Which statement about the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is true?
What is one likely effect of global warming on agricultural practices?
What is one likely effect of global warming on agricultural practices?
Which statement best characterizes the expected changes in precipitation patterns due to global warming?
Which statement best characterizes the expected changes in precipitation patterns due to global warming?
What could be a severe consequence if levels of nitrous oxide and fluorinated gases continue to rise?
What could be a severe consequence if levels of nitrous oxide and fluorinated gases continue to rise?
What range of sea level rise is projected by 2100 as a consequence of global warming?
What range of sea level rise is projected by 2100 as a consequence of global warming?
How is the intensity of hurricanes expected to change as global temperatures rise?
How is the intensity of hurricanes expected to change as global temperatures rise?
What significant change is expected to occur in the Arctic by mid-century?
What significant change is expected to occur in the Arctic by mid-century?
Which of the following is true regarding droughts due to global warming?
Which of the following is true regarding droughts due to global warming?
What is a potential impact of sea level rise on coastal populations?
What is a potential impact of sea level rise on coastal populations?
Which country had the highest recorded investment in renewable energy in 2018?
Which country had the highest recorded investment in renewable energy in 2018?
What was the total renewable energy investment across all countries in comparison to coal and gas-fired generation in 2018?
What was the total renewable energy investment across all countries in comparison to coal and gas-fired generation in 2018?
Which of the following countries did NOT see a significant increase in renewable energy investment by fivefold or more in 2018?
Which of the following countries did NOT see a significant increase in renewable energy investment by fivefold or more in 2018?
In 2018, which country recorded the highest investment specifically in renewable energy, reaching $1.4 billion?
In 2018, which country recorded the highest investment specifically in renewable energy, reaching $1.4 billion?
What is the unconditional mitigation objective for Nigeria's Intended Nationally Determined Contribution by 2030?
What is the unconditional mitigation objective for Nigeria's Intended Nationally Determined Contribution by 2030?
By what percentage does Nigeria aim to increase energy efficiency per year to achieve a total of 30% by 2030?
By what percentage does Nigeria aim to increase energy efficiency per year to achieve a total of 30% by 2030?
What was Nigeria's total greenhouse gas emissions per capita in 2015?
What was Nigeria's total greenhouse gas emissions per capita in 2015?
What is Nigeria's contribution to global CO2 emissions as of 2019?
What is Nigeria's contribution to global CO2 emissions as of 2019?
What is one key measure Nigeria aims to implement to improve energy efficiency by 2030?
What is one key measure Nigeria aims to implement to improve energy efficiency by 2030?
Which of the following statements accurately reflects the carbon tax strategy?
Which of the following statements accurately reflects the carbon tax strategy?
What was the global investment figure in renewable energy capacity in 2018?
What was the global investment figure in renewable energy capacity in 2018?
Which country had a successful implementation of a carbon tax?
Which country had a successful implementation of a carbon tax?
What major action is Britain expected to take regarding vehicle manufacturing after 2030?
What major action is Britain expected to take regarding vehicle manufacturing after 2030?
What was a significant factor for the decrease in renewable energy investment in 2018?
What was a significant factor for the decrease in renewable energy investment in 2018?
Which corporation declared its commitment to becoming carbon neutral by 2030-2050?
Which corporation declared its commitment to becoming carbon neutral by 2030-2050?
What has been the general trend of capital costs for solar and wind projects through 2018?
What has been the general trend of capital costs for solar and wind projects through 2018?
Which of the following best describes the impact of human activities on climate change?
Which of the following best describes the impact of human activities on climate change?
What is the significance of the Paris Agreement?
What is the significance of the Paris Agreement?
What is the primary driver of the current warming trend as indicated in climate studies?
What is the primary driver of the current warming trend as indicated in climate studies?
What does the term 'Global Warming Potential' (GWP) refer to?
What does the term 'Global Warming Potential' (GWP) refer to?
Which of the following effects is associated with global warming?
Which of the following effects is associated with global warming?
What primarily determines the future magnitude of climate change beyond the next few decades?
What primarily determines the future magnitude of climate change beyond the next few decades?
Which report assesses the current state of climate change and human influence?
Which report assesses the current state of climate change and human influence?
Which factor significantly contributes to sea level rise as a result of global warming?
Which factor significantly contributes to sea level rise as a result of global warming?
What role do Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) play in climate action?
What role do Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) play in climate action?
What are the projected effects on the growing season due to global warming?
What are the projected effects on the growing season due to global warming?
What is the expected impact on hurricanes as a result of climate change?
What is the expected impact on hurricanes as a result of climate change?
What role does the ocean play in relation to global warming?
What role does the ocean play in relation to global warming?
What is the significance of the statement regarding the net damage costs of climate change?
What is the significance of the statement regarding the net damage costs of climate change?
By how much is global sea level expected to rise by the year 2100?
By how much is global sea level expected to rise by the year 2100?
Which temperature range is typical for ocean surface waters?
Which temperature range is typical for ocean surface waters?
What effect will climate change have on the Arctic by mid-century?
What effect will climate change have on the Arctic by mid-century?
What is a major contributor to the rise in sea levels?
What is a major contributor to the rise in sea levels?
What is indicated about the relationship between nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide in terms of their effects on global warming?
What is indicated about the relationship between nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide in terms of their effects on global warming?
What is the primary reason that seawater freezes at colder temperatures than freshwater?
What is the primary reason that seawater freezes at colder temperatures than freshwater?
What is one effect of increased drought conditions and heat waves due to global warming?
What is one effect of increased drought conditions and heat waves due to global warming?
What significant physical change is expected due to global warming by 2100?
What significant physical change is expected due to global warming by 2100?
Flashcards
Weather vs. Climate
Weather vs. Climate
Weather describes short-term changes in climate, like rain or sunshine, while climate refers to long-term averages over decades.
Greenhouse Effect
Greenhouse Effect
Gases in the atmosphere trap heat, keeping Earth warmer than it would otherwise be.
Greenhouse Gases
Greenhouse Gases
Gases like carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxides that trap heat in the atmosphere.
Carbon Dioxide's Role
Carbon Dioxide's Role
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Earth's Temperature without Greenhouse Effect
Earth's Temperature without Greenhouse Effect
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Rising Carbon Dioxide Levels
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Heat Absorption by Greenhouse Gases
Heat Absorption by Greenhouse Gases
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Heat Radiation from Earth
Heat Radiation from Earth
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Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
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Methane (CH4)
Methane (CH4)
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Parts Per Million (ppm)
Parts Per Million (ppm)
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Industrial Revolution
Industrial Revolution
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Atmospheric Composition
Atmospheric Composition
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Natural Warming
Natural Warming
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Methane's contribution to global warming
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Nitrous oxide's potency
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Nitrous oxide sources
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Water vapor's role
Water vapor's role
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Fluorinated gases' impact
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Greenhouse gas concentration
Greenhouse gas concentration
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Fluorinated gas substitutes
Fluorinated gas substitutes
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Ozone hole & global warming
Ozone hole & global warming
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Longer Frost-free Season
Longer Frost-free Season
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Changes in Rainfall Patterns
Changes in Rainfall Patterns
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Increased Droughts and Heat Waves
Increased Droughts and Heat Waves
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Impact of Greenhouse Gases
Impact of Greenhouse Gases
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Hurricane Intensity Increase
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Rising Sea Levels
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Arctic Ice Loss
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Greenland and Antarctica Ice Loss
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Global Warming Potential (GWP)
Global Warming Potential (GWP)
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What is the GWP of CO2?
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What happens when a gas has a higher GWP?
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What is the time period used for calculating GWP?
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What is the Paris Agreement?
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What is the goal of the Paris Agreement?
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How does the Paris Agreement work?
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What does "climate-neutral" mean?
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Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs)
Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs)
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Long-Term Low Greenhouse Gas Emission Development Strategies (LT-LEDS)
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Enhanced Transparency Framework (ETF)
Enhanced Transparency Framework (ETF)
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What is the IPCC's Sixth Assessment Report?
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Unequivocal Human Influence on Climate Change
Unequivocal Human Influence on Climate Change
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Unprecedented Climate Changes
Unprecedented Climate Changes
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Impact of Climate Change on Extreme Weather Events
Impact of Climate Change on Extreme Weather Events
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Equilibrium Climate Sensitivity
Equilibrium Climate Sensitivity
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What is the difference between 'Global Warming' and 'Climate Change'?
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What are Greenhouse Gases (GHGs)?
What are Greenhouse Gases (GHGs)?
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How do GHGs contribute to climate change?
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What is Global Warming Potential (GWP)?
What is Global Warming Potential (GWP)?
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What are Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs)?
What are Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs)?
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Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
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Industrial Revolution's Role
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Why is CO2 Important?
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What is Global Warming?
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What is Climate Change?
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Nigeria's GHG Emissions
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Nigeria's Contribution to Global CO2 Emissions
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Nigeria's Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC)
Nigeria's Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC)
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Key Measures in Nigeria's NDC
Key Measures in Nigeria's NDC
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Nigeria's NDC Target Year
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Global GHG Emissions (2019)
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China's GHG Emissions
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USA's GHG Emissions
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Global Temperature Increase
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Climate Change Impacts
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Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs)
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Paris Agreement
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Greenhouse Gas Duration
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Greenhouse Gas Potency
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IPCC's Statement on Climate Change
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Ocean Warming and Sea Level Rise
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Ocean's Heat Capacity
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Global Warming's Temperature Rise
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Causes of Temperature Rise
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Uneven Temperature Rise
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Global Warming
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Climate Change
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The Paris Agreement
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IPCC's Sixth Assessment Report
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How do greenhouse gases contribute to climate change?
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Methane's Impact
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Water Vapor's Feedback Loop
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Fluorinated Gases: Powerful but Unnatural
Fluorinated Gases: Powerful but Unnatural
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High Global Warming Potential Gases
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Greenhouse Gas Concentration Impact
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Fluorinated Gas Replacements
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Nigeria's Contribution to Global CO2
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Nigeria's NDC
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Nigeria's NDC Key Measures
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Carbon Sinks
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Irreversible Climate Changes
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Net Zero CO2 Emissions
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Methane (CH4) Emissions
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Aerosol Pollution
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Low GHG Emissions Scenarios
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Carbon Pricing
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IFCC's 12-Year Warning
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Weather
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Climate
Climate
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Impacts of Climate Change
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Carbon Sinks: The Ocean & Land
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Emissions Trading Systems (ETS)
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Carbon Tax
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Shift to Electric
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Corporate Commitment to Carbon Reduction
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IPCC's Investment Estimate
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Global Renewable Energy Investment (2018)
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Solar and Wind Investment
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Carbon Pricing's Effectiveness
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Carbon Neutral
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Global Investment in Renewable Energy
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What does 'climate' describe?
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Impact of Rising CO2 Levels
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Renewable Energy Investment Trend
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Leading Renewable Investors
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Emerging Markets' Rise
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Renewables vs. Fossil Fuels
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Cost Reduction in Renewables
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Nigeria's GHG per capita (2015)
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Nigeria's Contribution to CO2 Emissions (2019)
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Nigeria's NDC (Intended Nationally Determined Contribution)
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Greenhouse Gas Structure
Greenhouse Gas Structure
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Greenhouse Gas Types
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How does methane contribute to warming?
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What is the Impact of Atmospheric Composition?
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What is the Greenhouse Effect?
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What happens when we increase greenhouse gas concentrations?
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Renewable Energy Investment
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Global Investment Trend
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$1 Billion Plus Club
$1 Billion Plus Club
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Cost Reduction
Cost Reduction
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Electrifying Transportation
Electrifying Transportation
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Corporate Carbon Reduction
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IPCC's Investment Target
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Global GHG Emissions in 2019
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Climate Neutral
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IPCC's Sixth Assessment Report (AR6)
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Global Warming vs. Climate Change
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Greenhouse Gas Effect Explained
Greenhouse Gas Effect Explained
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Common Greenhouse Gases
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The Paris Agreement Goal
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Potential Policy Solutions
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Frost-free Season Lengthening
Frost-free Season Lengthening
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Changes in Precipitation Patterns
Changes in Precipitation Patterns
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Droughts and Heat Waves
Droughts and Heat Waves
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Sea Level Rise
Sea Level Rise
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Renewables Investment Growth
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Top Renewable Investors
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Emerging Markets Lead
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Kenya's Record Investment
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Lower Costs, Higher Growth
Lower Costs, Higher Growth
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Top Greenhouse Gas Emitters (2019)
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Top GHG Emitters (2019)
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Methane's Role
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Water Vapor Feedback
Water Vapor Feedback
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Fluorinated Gases: Potent and Unnatural
Fluorinated Gases: Potent and Unnatural
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High GWP Gases
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Greenhouse Gas Impact vs. Concentration
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Nigeria's CO2 Contribution
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Global Renewable Energy Investment
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Top Renewable Energy Investors
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Emerging Renewable Energy Markets
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Renewable Energy vs. Coal and Gas
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Corporations' Carbon Reduction Commitment
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Renewable Energy Investment in 2018
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Carbon Neutral vs. Carbon Negative
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Nigeria's GHG Emissions per Capita
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Greenhouse Gases: Vibrators!
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Major Greenhouse Gases
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Industrial Revolution's Impact
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The Greenhouse Effect
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Impact of Rising CO2
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Hurricanes Will Become Stronger and More Intense
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Sea Level Will Rise
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Arctic Likely to Become Ice-Free
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Carbon Reduction Commitment by Corporations
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Solar & Wind Investment in 2018
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Declining Investment Costs
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Fastest Growing Renewable Energy Regions
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$1 Billion Club
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Renewables vs. Coal and Gas
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Carbon Pricing Mechanisms
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Study Notes
Executive Short-Term Courses in Environmental Standards
- Track B: Proficiency Certificate in Environmental Standards
- Module 2
- Day 9, Session 2
Global Environmental Change
- Presenter: Dr. Maged Hamed, Ph.D., P.E.
- Regional Safeguard Coordinator & Co-TTL of SPESSE
- The Environment Global Practice of the West and Central Africa - SAWE4
- Date: March 2022
Course Content
- Definition of global warming, climate change, weather
- Greenhouse Gas (GHG) effect and how they work
- Common Greenhouse Gases
- Contribution of GHGs to climate change
- Effects Caused by Global Warming
- Global Warming Potential (GWP)
- The Paris Agreement
- The Sixth Assessment Report of the IPCC in 2021
- Potential Policy Solutions
- Nigeria's Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC)
What is the Difference between Climate Change and Global Warming
- Global warming: Long-term warming of the planet, a measure of climate change, reflecting a rise in the average global temperature.
- Climate change: Encompasses global warming. Refers to the broader range of changes affecting the planet, including rising sea levels, shrinking glaciers, accelerating ice melt, etc.
- Human Activities are responsible for the warming trend in recent decades.
- The Sun can influence Earth's climate, but not the warming trend observed recently.
What is the Difference between Weather and Climate
- Weather: Local changes in climate (minutes to weeks). Examples include rain, snow, clouds, wind, etc.
- Climate: Longer-term averages (regional or global, averaging over decades). Climate represents expected weather patterns, while weather is the actual condition at a specific time.
Greenhouse Gases
- Greenhouse effect: Heat trapped close to Earth's surface by greenhouse gases.
- These gases act like a blanket, making the planet warmer than without them.
- Include carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide
- Scientists have determined that carbon dioxide's warming effect helps stabilize Earth's atmosphere..
- Without carbon dioxide, Earth's surface would be about 33°C (59°F) cooler.
- Without the greenhouse effect, Earth's temperature would be below freezing.
- Carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere consistently rise for decades, trapping extra heat near the surface and causing warming.
Common Greenhouse Gases (detailed)
- Carbon dioxide (COâ‚‚): Made of one carbon atom and two oxygen atoms.
- A small fraction of the atmosphere but has a significant impact on climate.
- In the mid-19th century, atmospheric COâ‚‚ levels were approximately 270 parts per million by volume.
- About 400 parts per million by volume currently.
- Represents a vast 82% of greenhouse gases.
- Methane (CHâ‚„): Very powerful greenhouse gas, absorbing considerably more heat than carbon dioxide.
- Made of one carbon and four hydrogen atoms, flammable, and used as a fuel.
- Methane is significantly more potent (30 times stronger than COâ‚‚) but remains in the atmosphere for a shorter time (about 10 years).
- Nitrous Oxide (Nâ‚‚O). Part of the nitrogen cycle, helps with plant growth.
- Strong greenhouse gas (300 times stronger than COâ‚‚).
- Takes around 114 years to break down.
- Fluorinated Gases: Human-made and potent greenhouse gases.
- Many industrial processes emit them.
- Account for only 3% of greenhouse gas emissions.
- But 23,000 times stronger than COâ‚‚.
- Not a naturally occurring component of the atmosphere.
Contribution of Greenhouse Gases to Climate Change
- Concentration: Amount of GHG in the air.
- Duration: How long the gas stays in the atmosphere, ranging from several years to millennia.
- Potency: How much a gas heats the Earth, measured in relation to carbon dioxide's impact.
Effects Caused by Global Warming
- Climate change is primarily driven by the magnitude of heat-trapping gases released globally.
- Temperatures are projected to rise.
- Sea levels are rising, and ice sheets and glaciers are melting at increasing rates.
- Heatwaves, heavy precipitation, droughts, and intense tropical cyclones are becoming more frequent and severe.
- Global warming influences the water cycle and makes it more extreme and variable.
The Paris Agreement
- A legally binding international treaty to address climate change.
- Adopted in Paris in December 2015.
- Aims to limit global warming well below 2°C (preferably 1.5°C) above pre-industrial levels.
- Countries are expected to peak and achieve a climate-neutral world by mid-century.
The Sixth Assessment Report of the IPCC in 2021
- A comprehensive report examining the current state of climate change globally.
- Human actions unequivocally are warming the atmosphere, land, and oceans.
- Observed climate changes are largely unprecedented over centuries to millennia.
- Human-induced climate change has affected various weather and climate-related extremes worldwide.
- Improved understanding of climate processes and paleoclimate evidence has reinforced the best estimate of equilibrium climate sensitivity to be around 3°C.
World GHG emissions (2019)
- Data on global and national GHG emissions by 2019.
- Statistics on emission levels and per capita emissions of various countries.
How greenhouse gases warm our planet
- Greenhouse gases absorb outgoing infrared radiation, keeping it closer to Earth's surface and making the planet warmer.
Global Warming Potential (GWP)
- Global warming potential is the amount of heat a greenhouse gas absorbs in comparison to an equal mass of carbon dioxide over a set period, typically 100 years.
Nigeria's Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDC)
- Nigeria's plan to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
- Includes aspects such as economic and social development, energy efficiency, and emissions reductions, expressed as percentages of global totals.
Potential Policy Solutions
- Pricing carbon pollution: incentivizes reducing or paying for polluting activities. - Emissions trading schemes: limit total GHG emissions and allow industries with lower emissions to sell their allowances to others. - Carbon taxes: tax on GHG emissions or carbon content of fossil fuels. Some collected taxes are redistributed as rebates.
- Shift to electric energy usage, Commitment by Corporations to Carbon Reduction,
Investment Required and Renewable Energy in 2018
- Global investment in renewable energy capacity in 2018 was 272.9billion(thefifthconsecutiveyeartoexceed272.9 billion (the fifth consecutive year to exceed 272.9billion(thefifthconsecutiveyeartoexceed250 billion).
- China was the leading investor, at $88.5 billion.
- Renewables capacity investment was spread across more countries in 2018 than in prior years.
Nigeria's Contribution to GHG per capita
- Data on Nigeria's total GHG emissions, per capita emissions of CHâ‚„ and NOx, and contribution to global COâ‚‚ emissions in 2019.
Key Mitigating Measures
- Specific measures and their estimated impact on reducing GHG emissions.
Source of 2030 Emission Reduction by Sector
- Breakdown of sectors contributing to reduction of 2030 emissions.
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Test your knowledge on environmental standards and global change in this quiz based on Module 2 of the Proficiency Certificate course. Explore key concepts such as greenhouse gases, the Paris Agreement, and the impact of global warming. Perfect for those involved in environmental practices and policies.
