Environmental Science Unit 1 Quiz
24 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What type of inter-species relationship involves one species benefiting at the expense of another?

  • Mutualism
  • Symbiosis
  • Commensalism
  • Parasitism (correct)

Which of the following factors is essential for a sustainable community?

  • Increased waste production
  • Overuse of resources
  • Renewable energy sources (correct)
  • Urban blight

What percentage of the world's water supply is freshwater?

  • 1%
  • 5%
  • 3% (correct)
  • 10%

Which process is primarily responsible for urban sprawl?

<p>Highway revenue act funding (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is NOT a benefit of urban agriculture?

<p>Increases pollution (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary source of electrical power?

<p>Natural gas (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the area of land drained by a river and its tributaries?

<p>Drainage basin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main usage of water worldwide?

<p>Agriculture (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'biomagnification' refer to?

<p>The process where toxins become more concentrated as they move up the food chain. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is characterized by hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters?

<p>Chaparral systems (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which survivorship curve represents species that experience constant mortality rates?

<p>Type II (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum number of individuals an environment can support called?

<p>Carrying capacity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of species is characterized by producing many offspring and investing little in their survival?

<p>R-selected species (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What principle states that two species competing for the same resources cannot coexist indefinitely?

<p>Competitive exclusion principle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What nutrient cycle involves processes like nitrogen fixation and denitrification?

<p>Nitrogen cycle (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does mimicry involve in ecological terms?

<p>One species evolving to resemble another for protection. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of basic science?

<p>Gaining knowledge for its own sake (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the difference between deductive and inductive reasoning?

<p>Deductive reasoning applies a general theory to specific cases. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What best describes the term 'experimental variables'?

<p>Factors that are manipulated to test the hypothesis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ethical philosophy promotes the preservation of natural ecosystems?

<p>Land Ethic (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does an ecological footprint measure?

<p>The land and resources required to support activities (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of fishbone diagrams?

<p>To identify root causes of a problem (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of recent environmental impact from human activities?

<p>Deforestation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of science primarily involves observing and describing phenomena?

<p>Descriptive Science (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Scientific Method

A step-by-step process for solving problems using observations, hypotheses, experiments, and conclusions.

Descriptive Science

Science that focuses on describing natural phenomena without testing hypotheses.

Hypothesis-based Science

Science that uses experiments to test hypotheses and determine if observations support a prediction.

Control Variable

A factor that is kept the same throughout an experiment to ensure a fair test.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Experimental Variable

The factor that is changed or manipulated in an experiment to test its effect.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Sustainability Ethic

Using resources in a way that keeps them available for future generations.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Ecological Footprint

The amount of land and resources needed to support a person's, community's, or organization's lifestyle.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Environmental Stress Indicators

Signs that something is wrong with the environment, such as biodiversity loss or pollution.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Food Chain

A series of organisms where each one eats the one below it, showing how energy flows from producers to consumers and decomposers.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Biomagnification

The increase in concentration of toxins or pollutants as they move up the food chain.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Water Cycle

The continuous movement of water on, above, and below the surface of the Earth, involving processes like evaporation, condensation, and precipitation.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Nitrogen Cycle

The movement of nitrogen through ecosystems, including processes like nitrogen fixation and denitrification.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Carbon Cycle

The flow of carbon through living organisms, the atmosphere, oceans, and the Earth, involving processes like photosynthesis and respiration.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Chaparral

An ecosystem with hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters, often found in Mediterranean climates.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Aphotic Zone

Deep ocean layers where sunlight doesn't reach, characterized by darkness.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Exponential Growth

Uncontrolled population growth that increases rapidly in an ideal environment with unlimited resources.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Mutualism

A relationship where both species benefit from the interaction. For example, bees get nectar from flowers while pollinating them.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Parasitism

A relationship where one species benefits at the expense of the other. For example, ticks feed on mammals' blood, harming them.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Commensalism

A relationship where one species benefits, while the other is neither harmed nor helped. Barnacles on whales get a ride and food, but whales aren't affected.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Urban Sprawl

The spread of cities into rural areas, causing habitat loss, pollution, and increased energy use.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Highway Revenue Act

A government program that funds building and maintaining highways, often contributing to urban sprawl.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Urban Blight

The decay of city areas due to economic issues, neglect, and lack of investment.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Sustainable Community

A community that uses resources efficiently, has renewable energy, good infrastructure, waste management, and social equity.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Water Management

Techniques used to manage water resources, including conservation, distribution, and treatment.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Unit 1: Introduction to Environmental Science

  • The Scientific Method: A systematic problem-solving approach involving observations, hypothesis formation, experiments, and conclusions. Steps: Observation → Hypothesis → Experiment → Conclusion.
  • Descriptive vs. Hypothesis-based Science: Descriptive science observes and documents phenomena (e.g., cataloging species). Hypothesis-based science tests hypotheses through experiments and observations.
  • Basic vs. Applied Science: Basic science focuses on acquiring knowledge, while applied science uses knowledge to solve practical problems.
  • Deductive vs. Inductive Reasoning: Deductive reasoning starts with a general theory and tests it with specific observations (top-down). Inductive reasoning starts with specific observations and develops a general theory (bottom-up).
  • Control and Experimental Variables: Control variables are kept constant in an experiment, while experimental variables are changed or manipulated to test the hypothesis.
  • Frontier Ethic, Sustainability Ethic, and Land Ethic: Frontier ethic emphasizes human dominance over nature, sustainability ethic emphasizes resource use for future generations, and land ethic promotes ecosystem preservation.
  • Recent Environmental Impact of Human Activity: Human activities (deforestation, pollution, overfishing, climate change) significantly impact ecosystems and biodiversity.
  • Purpose of Fishbone Diagrams: Visual tools (Ishikawa diagrams) to identify potential causes of a problem.
  • Ecological Footprint: Measures the land and resources needed to support a person or group.
  • Indicators of Environmental Stress: Metrics that assess environmental degradation.

Unit 2: Ecology and Ecosystems

  • The Food Chain: Describes energy flow through organisms (producers → consumers → decomposers).
  • Biomagnification: Toxins become more concentrated as they move up the food chain.
  • Biogeochemical Cycles: Processes like the water cycle, nitrogen cycle, and carbon cycle move elements through ecosystems.
  • Chaparral Systems: Ecosystems with hot dry summers and mild wet winters, found in Mediterranean climates.
  • Aphotic Zones (Biomes): Deep ocean layers lacking light (e.g., deep-sea ecosystems).
  • Population and Population Growth Models: Exponential growth is rapid unchecked, logistic growth slows as resources become limited.
  • Survivorship Curve: Graphs the number of surviving individuals within a population at different ages.
  • Carrying Capacity: The maximum number of individuals an environment can sustain.
  • K vs. R-selected Species: K-selected species produce few offspring and invest heavily in survival (e.g., humans), R-selected species produce many offspring but little in survival (e.g., insects).

Unit 3: Urbanization and Sustainability

  • Urban Sprawl and its Environmental Impacts: The spread of cities into rural areas causing habitat loss, pollution, and energy consumption.
  • Highway Revenue Act and Highway Trust Fund: Government programs contributing financially to highway construction, often correlating to urban sprawl.
  • Urban Blight: Decay of urban areas due to factors like economic downturns and neglect.
  • Factors Needed for a Sustainable Community: Efficient resource use, renewable energy, green infrastructure, waste management, and social equity are needed.
  • Water Management: Techniques like conservation, distribution, and treatment of water resources.
  • Urban Agriculture: Growing food in urban areas to reduce transportation costs and enhance food security.
  • LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design): A certification program for environmentally sustainable buildings.
  • Main Sources of Electrical Power: Natural gas, coal, nuclear, hydroelectric, wind, and solar.

Unit 4: Water Resources

  • Facts Associated with World's Water Supply: Most water is saline, with only a small percentage being freshwater, mostly frozen.
  • Terminology Associated with Water Sources: Tributary, discharge, drainage basin/watershed.
  • Facts Associated with Water Usage: Agriculture, industrial, and domestic consumption are the main water users.
  • Impacts of Large Water Use on Groundwater: Overuse can lead to depletion, subsidence, and contamination.
  • Water Stress: Occurs when water demand exceeds supply.
  • Units of Concentration: Examples: ppm (parts per million), ppb (parts per billion), mg/L.
  • Sources and Types of Water Pollution: Point source and non-point source pollution.
  • Nutrient Overload: Excess nutrients causing algal blooms and eutrophication.
  • Deepwater Horizon and Exxon Valdez Oil Spills: Major environmental incidents from oil spills.
  • Water Treatment Process: Filtration, chemical treatment, and disinfection.
  • Hydrologic Cycle: Movement of water through evaporation, condensation, precipitation, and runoff.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Related Documents

Description

Test your understanding of the foundational concepts in Environmental Science with this quiz on Unit 1. Explore key topics such as the scientific method, types of science, reasoning methods, and the importance of variables in experiments. Perfect for anyone looking to solidify their knowledge in environmental studies.

More Like This

Environmental Science Quiz
35 questions

Environmental Science Quiz

TerrificTranscendental1827 avatar
TerrificTranscendental1827
Environmental Science Chapter 1-2 Study Guide
16 questions
AP Environmental Science Placement Test
5 questions
Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Browser