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Questions and Answers
What term describes the pattern of distribution of organisms in a population?
What term describes the pattern of distribution of organisms in a population?
Which cycle involves the circulation of nitrogen among air, soil, water, plants, and animals?
Which cycle involves the circulation of nitrogen among air, soil, water, plants, and animals?
What is called when a new species develops from an existing one?
What is called when a new species develops from an existing one?
Which type of competition occurs between individuals of the same species?
Which type of competition occurs between individuals of the same species?
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What term is used for organisms that feed on dead material?
What term is used for organisms that feed on dead material?
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In which relationship does one species benefit while the other is harmed?
In which relationship does one species benefit while the other is harmed?
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Which type of species is considered critical to the functioning of an ecosystem?
Which type of species is considered critical to the functioning of an ecosystem?
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What does diversity in an ecological context refer to?
What does diversity in an ecological context refer to?
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Which of the following gases is NOT classified as a greenhouse gas?
Which of the following gases is NOT classified as a greenhouse gas?
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What does a closed system exchange?
What does a closed system exchange?
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Which individual is known for promoting the establishment of natural reserves?
Which individual is known for promoting the establishment of natural reserves?
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Which type of feedback loop promotes an increase in a process or component?
Which type of feedback loop promotes an increase in a process or component?
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Which of the following describes a species?
Which of the following describes a species?
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What is cherry picking in the context of information?
What is cherry picking in the context of information?
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What is the primary difference between laws and theories in science?
What is the primary difference between laws and theories in science?
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Which type of thinking involves evaluating and analyzing information critically?
Which type of thinking involves evaluating and analyzing information critically?
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Study Notes
Chapter 1
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Environmental science study guide for semester 1, examination 2425
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Critical Thinking: Involves critical analysis, creativity, logic, and reflection.
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Scientific Method: Laws are observations occurring consistently, while theories explain why these occur.
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Fields of Science:
- Biology (zoology, botany, microbiology, ecology)
- Earth science (geology, paleontology, climatology, hydrology)
- Physics & Engineering
- Chemistry (biochemistry, geochemistry)
- Social sciences (geography, anthropology, sociology)
Chapter 2
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Climate Change: Long-term shifts in temperatures and weather patterns.
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Greenhouse Gases: Gases trapping heat in the atmosphere; examples: carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, fluorinated gases.
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Natural Resources: Natural materials used by humans; examples: water, petroleum, minerals, forests, animals.
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People: Theodore Roosevelt and Gifford Pinchot were friends
Chapter 3
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Systems: Interdependent components and processes transferring materials and energy.
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Types of Systems:
- Closed systems: Exchange no energy or matter.
- Open systems: Exchange energy and/or matter.
Chapter 4
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Habitat: The place or set of environmental conditions where an organism lives.
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Dispersion: The pattern of organism distribution in a population, can be even, clumped, or random.
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Ecosystem Cycles:
- Carbon cycle: Carbon's movement from nonliving environments to living things, and back to nonliving environments.
- Nitrogen cycle: Nitrogen's circulation among air, soil, water, plants, and animals in an ecosystem.
- Phosphorus cycle: The cyclical movement of phosphorus from environment to organisms, and back to environment.
Additional Concepts
- Ecological Niche: A species' role in a biological community, plus environmental factors influencing its distribution.
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Generalists/Specialists:
- Generalists thrive in varied conditions (e.g., black bear).
- Specialists need specific conditions (e.g., giant panda).
- Speciation: The development of a new species.
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Taxonomy: The study of types of organisms and relationships.
- Domains (Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya)
- Kingdoms within Eukarya (animals, plants, fungi, protists)
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Competition:
- Intraspecific: Competition within the same species
- Interspecific: Competition between different species
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Symbiotic Relationships:
- Mutualism: Both species benefit.
- Commensalism: One species benefits, the other is unaffected.
- Parasitism: One species benefits, the other is harmed.
- Keystone Species: Species playing a critical role in a biological community.
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Biodiversity:
- Diversity: Number of different species.
- Abundance: Number of individuals of a particular species.
- Core habitat: Relatively uniform environment free of edges.
- Edge effects: Mixed environmental conditions where communities meet.
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Description
Prepare for your Environmental Science semester 1 examination with this comprehensive study guide covering critical thinking, scientific methods, climate change, greenhouse gases, and natural resources. Delve into various fields of science from biology to social sciences and understand their relevance. This guide is perfect for strengthening your knowledge before the exam.
