Environmental Science Chapters Overview
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following gases is primarily caused by the burning of fossil fuels?

  • Nitrogen
  • Oxygen
  • Hydrogen
  • Carbon Dioxide (correct)

Deforestation increases carbon absorption in the atmosphere.

False (B)

Name one source of clean energy.

Solar power

The release of methane from thawing __________ contributes to climate change in the Arctic.

<p>permafrost</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following environmental issues with their descriptions:

<p>Greenhouse Gases = Caused by burning fossil fuels and deforestation Clean Energy = Sources include solar, wind, and hydropower Arctic Climate Change = Results in rising sea levels and biodiversity loss Geoengineering Risks = Involves potential unforeseen side effects on ecosystems</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the product of a neutralization reaction?

<p>Salt + water (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

PH 6 is 10,000 times more acidic than pH 10.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of solar energy is absorbed by land and oceans?

<p>51%</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are strategies outlined in Ontario's Climate Plan to address climate change? (Select all that apply)

<p>Waste reduction and recycling (B), Sustainable building materials (C), Improved energy efficiency in buildings (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The climate system consists of the atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, and _______.

<p>biosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the pH values with their corresponding differences in acidity:

<p>pH 6 vs. pH 10 = 10,000 times more acidic pH 2 vs. pH 9 = 1,000 times more acidic pH 5 vs. pH 9 = 10,000 times more acidic pH 12 vs. pH 6 = 1,000,000 times more acidic</p> Signup and view all the answers

Transportation and home heating are the primary sources of greenhouse gas emissions in Canada.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for light produced by hot objects?

<p>Incandescence</p> Signup and view all the answers

A __________ object is one that reflects light.

<p>non-luminous</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their descriptions:

<p>Luminous Objects = Produces its own light Non-Luminous Objects = Reflects light Incandescence = Light from a hot object Sustainable Farming = Uses less synthetic fertilizers</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following contributes to rising sea levels?

<p>Thermal expansion (A), Melting glaciers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The melting of ice increases the water volume in the oceans.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the greenhouse effect?

<p>Warming on Earth due to the release of greenhouse gases</p> Signup and view all the answers

The primary sources of fossil fuels include _____ and natural gas burning.

<p>coal burning</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following Earth changes with their descriptions:

<p>Shape of orbit = Changes in Earth's distance from the Sun Tilt of axis = Affects seasonal variations Wobble of axis = Can lead to climatic shifts Melting ice = Contributes to rising sea levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

pH Scale: Each Unit

Each whole number change in pH represents a ten-fold difference in acidity (concentration of hydrogen ions, H+).

Neutralization Reaction

A reaction between an acid and a base that produces a salt and water as products.

Earth's Climate System

The Earth's climate system is driven by the energy received from the sun. It includes the atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, and biosphere.

Solar Energy Absorption

Around 51% of the solar energy reaching Earth is absorbed by land and oceans.

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Ontario's Drive Clean Program

Ontario's program to reduce air pollution, specifically smog, is called Drive Clean.

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Greenhouse Gases

Gases that trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, contributing to global warming. Major sources include burning fossil fuels, deforestation, and agriculture.

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Clean Energy Sources

Renewable energy sources that don't rely on fossil fuels. Examples include solar, wind, hydro, geothermal, biomass, and nuclear.

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Arctic Methane Release

The melting of permafrost in the Arctic releases methane, a potent greenhouse gas, into the atmosphere, contributing to global warming.

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Geoengineering

Intentional modifications to the Earth's climate system to combat climate change. However, these methods can have unpredictable and potentially harmful side effects.

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Deforestation's Impact

Loss of forests due to human activities such as logging and clearing land for agriculture. This reduces the Earth's ability to absorb carbon dioxide.

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Ontario's Green Action Plan

Sustainable building materials, improved energy efficiency in buildings, and waste reduction & recycling are all part of Ontario's Green Action Plan - aiming to reduce climate impact. It focuses on making buildings more environmentally friendly and using resources wisely.

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Sustainable Farming Practices

Sustainable farming practices aim to protect and restore natural ecosystems while producing food. This includes using less synthetic fertilizers and reforestation efforts, minimizing environmental impact.

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Top Greenhouse Gas Emitters in Canada

The two largest sources of greenhouse gas emissions in Canada are transportation (think cars, planes, etc.) and heating our homes (think natural gas, electricity). These activities directly contribute to climate change.

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Personal Actions for Climate Change

Making personal changes, such as using public transport or carpooling instead of driving alone, and reducing consumption at home, decrease individual carbon footprints, contributing to a healthier environment.

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Luminous Objects

Objects that produce their own light, like the sun or a lightbulb, are called luminous objects. They are sources of light energy.

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Earth's Elliptical Orbit

Earth's orbit isn't a perfect circle, it's slightly elliptical. This changes the distance between the Earth and the sun, which affects the amount of solar energy we receive.

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Earth's Axial Tilt

The Earth's axis is tilted at an angle, causing different parts of the planet to receive varying amounts of sunlight throughout the year. This tilt is responsible for seasons.

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Wobbling Earth Axis

The Earth's axis wobbles, causing changes in the amount of solar radiation received over long periods, possibly affecting climate patterns. This wobble is slow and gradual, taking thousands of years to complete a cycle.

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Melting Ice and Sea Level Rise

When ice melts, it doesn't change the total amount of water on Earth. The water simply moves from land to the oceans, leading to increased water levels and flooding.

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Greenhouse Effect

The greenhouse effect is the warming of the Earth due to the trapping of heat by certain gases in the atmosphere. These gases act like a blanket, preventing heat from escaping.

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Study Notes

Section 10.4

  • 2007-60-Green Action Plan on Climate Change
  • Sustainable building materials
  • Energy efficiency in buildings
  • Waste reduction and recycling

Section 12

  • Reduce ammonia effects on agriculture
  • Sustainable farming practices
  • Protect ecosystems - restoration

Section 9.4

  • Largest greenhouse gas emissions in Canada
  • Transport and home heating

Section 10.0

  • Personal changes
  • Carpool, public transport
  • Less consumption at home

Section 11.2

  • Luminous - produces its own light (sun, light bulb)
  • Non-luminous - reflects light (mirror, moon)

Section 10.4

  • Incandescence - light from a hot object (candle)

Section 7.5

  • Earth's climate system powered by solar energy.
  • Solar energy absorbed by land and oceans

Section 7.7

  • Climate system = atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, biosphere

Section 7.9

  • Ontario program to reduce smog - Drive Clean

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Explore key concepts from various sections on climate change, energy efficiency, and sustainable practices. This quiz covers critical topics such as greenhouse gas emissions, ecosystem protection, and solar energy's role in our climate system. Test your knowledge on actionable personal changes for a sustainable future!

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