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To be effective, risk recognition should be implemented along with the other key elements of ______ and health management
To be effective, risk recognition should be implemented along with the other key elements of ______ and health management
safety
For example in Flood Defense Project, a hazard might be: How likely is it that the scheme will be over-topped with ______ water?
For example in Flood Defense Project, a hazard might be: How likely is it that the scheme will be over-topped with ______ water?
flood
In Exposure Assessment, we examine the potential consequences associated with exposure to a ______ event.
In Exposure Assessment, we examine the potential consequences associated with exposure to a ______ event.
hazardous
Exposure Assessment involves determining how much of a ______ do people inhale/ ingest?
Exposure Assessment involves determining how much of a ______ do people inhale/ ingest?
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Determining the 1st factor is a relatively straightforward process, but to determine the other 3 is ______ and complex.
Determining the 1st factor is a relatively straightforward process, but to determine the other 3 is ______ and complex.
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Risk can be determined by combining the result of ______ and consequences analysis.
Risk can be determined by combining the result of ______ and consequences analysis.
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Very High Risk: Ecosystem Irreversibly ______, no recovery, over 100Km2 affected.
Very High Risk: Ecosystem Irreversibly ______, no recovery, over 100Km2 affected.
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Grade 1 is classified as ______ risk.
Grade 1 is classified as ______ risk.
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The simplest form of Risk Estimation is a ______ matrix.
The simplest form of Risk Estimation is a ______ matrix.
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Risk characterization is the process of estimating the ______ of a health effect.
Risk characterization is the process of estimating the ______ of a health effect.
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Quantitative risk characterization involves the calculation of a simple ______ ratio.
Quantitative risk characterization involves the calculation of a simple ______ ratio.
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Qualitative risk characterization is used when it is not possible to undertake a ______ characterization of risk.
Qualitative risk characterization is used when it is not possible to undertake a ______ characterization of risk.
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Low risk is defined as ______ less than 0.1% of the time/cases.
Low risk is defined as ______ less than 0.1% of the time/cases.
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Medium to high risk is defined as occurring ______ between 1% and 10% of the time/cases.
Medium to high risk is defined as occurring ______ between 1% and 10% of the time/cases.
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Risk estimation results are used to identify potential options that are then evaluated in terms of expected public ______, economic, social, and political consequences.
Risk estimation results are used to identify potential options that are then evaluated in terms of expected public ______, economic, social, and political consequences.
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High risk is defined as occurring ______ more frequently than 10% of the time/cases.
High risk is defined as occurring ______ more frequently than 10% of the time/cases.
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Environmental Risk Assessment (ERA) is a process of predicting whether there may be a risk of adverse effects on the ______ caused by a chemical substance, action or project.
Environmental Risk Assessment (ERA) is a process of predicting whether there may be a risk of adverse effects on the ______ caused by a chemical substance, action or project.
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The ______ probability of occurring any adverse effect is a component of Environmental Risk Assessment.
The ______ probability of occurring any adverse effect is a component of Environmental Risk Assessment.
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The process of determining whether exposure to an agent can increase the incidence of a health condition is called ______ identification.
The process of determining whether exposure to an agent can increase the incidence of a health condition is called ______ identification.
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The process of characterizing the relation between the dose of an agent administered or received and the incidence of an adverse health effect is called ______-response assessment.
The process of characterizing the relation between the dose of an agent administered or received and the incidence of an adverse health effect is called ______-response assessment.
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The process of measuring or estimating the intensity, frequency, and duration of human exposures to an existing agent is called ______ assessment.
The process of measuring or estimating the intensity, frequency, and duration of human exposures to an existing agent is called ______ assessment.
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The process of estimating the incidence of a health effect under the various conditions of human exposure is called ______ characterization.
The process of estimating the incidence of a health effect under the various conditions of human exposure is called ______ characterization.
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For a hazard to result in harm, there must be a way in which it can affect a ______.
For a hazard to result in harm, there must be a way in which it can affect a ______.
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The term ______–pathway–receptor is used to describe the relationship between a hazard and a receptor.
The term ______–pathway–receptor is used to describe the relationship between a hazard and a receptor.
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Study Notes
Environmental Risk Assessment (ERA)
- A process that predicts the risk of adverse environmental effects caused by a chemical substance, action, or project.
- A generic term for a series of tools and techniques that gather information about environmental risks and form judgments about them.
- Risk refers to the probability of an adverse effect occurring.
Risk Assessment Steps
Risk/Hazard Identification
- The process of determining whether exposure to an agent can increase the incidence of a health condition.
- Identifies potential risks that could prevent a program, enterprise, or investment from achieving its objectives.
- Involves documenting and communicating concerns.
- Requires a "source (hazard)–pathway–receptor" for harm to occur.
Dose-Response Assessment
- Characterizes the relation between the dose of an agent and the incidence of an adverse health effect in exposed populations.
Exposure Assessment
- Measures or estimates the intensity, frequency, and duration of human exposures to an existing or new agent.
- Examines potential consequences associated with exposure to a hazardous event.
- Considers factors such as:
- Hazard definition
- Local environment characteristics
- Hazard behavior
- Dose-response relationships
Risk Characterization
- Estimates the incidence of a health effect under various exposure conditions.
- Results are used to identify potential options for public health, economic, social, and political consequences.
Risk Estimation
- Combines hazard and consequence analysis results.
- Can use matrix approaches with qualitative, quantitative, or combined methods.
- May involve Multi-Criteria Analysis for complex or controversial issues.
Grading of Risk
- Very High Risk: Ecosystem irreversibly altered, no recovery, over 100Km2 affected.
- High Risk: Ecosystem altered, but not irreversibly, recovery may take long as 50 years, 50-100 Km2 affected.
- Moderate Risk: Only one component of the ecosystem affected, 10 years of recovery period.
- Low Risk: Temporary alteration, less than 0.5Km2, less than 5 years of recovery period.
- Very Low Risk: Temporary alteration, very localized, and minor consequences.
Risk Characterization Approaches
Quantitative Risk Characterization
- Calculates a simple risk ratio (PEC/PNEC) comparing predicted environmental concentration to predicted no-effect concentration.
Qualitative Risk Characterization
- Used when quantitative characterization is not possible.
- Categorizes risks as:
- Low risk: Rare, occurs less than 0.1% of the time/cases
- Low to medium: May happen, occurs between 0.1% and 1% of the time/cases
- Medium to high: Quite often, occurs between 1% and 10% of the time/cases
- High risk: Very often, occurs more frequently than 10% of the time/cases
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Description
Test your knowledge on Environmental Risk Assessment, a process that predicts potential risks to the environment caused by chemical substances, projects, and more. Learn about the tools and techniques used to gather information and form judgments about environmental risks.
