Environmental Psychology and Architecture

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Questions and Answers

What factors related to transport routes should be assessed to understand the potential impact of a project on congestion and environmental issues?

The assessment should consider both existing public transport routes and their susceptibility to congestion, as well as potential environmental problems arising from this congestion.

How can existing land uses around a project location influence the social impact assessment (SIA)?

Existing land uses, such as housing and community facilities, can significantly affect the SIA by highlighting potential disruptions to the local way of life and community cohesion.

In what ways can climate-related factors affect the feasibility of a project in a specific location?

Climate-related factors like susceptibility to extreme weather conditions, such as landslides and severe winds, can pose risks to a project's stability and environmental integrity.

Why is the social impact assessment (SIA) crucial for evaluating a project's effects on people's lives and community wellbeing?

<p>SIA is crucial as it addresses both positive and negative social changes arising from the project, impacting culture, community cohesion, and public health.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do political systems play in the social impact assessment of a project?

<p>Political systems influence the extent to which people can participate in decisions affecting their lives, shaping the level of democratization and resources available for public engagement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspects does the SIA examine in relation to planned projects?

<p>The SIA examines social issues, environmental impacts, community engagement, and workforce management.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name two indicators used in SIA that reflect the economic status of a community.

<p>Employment and unemployment rates, and median income according to sectors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can the quality and quantity of housing be impacted by a project according to SIA?

<p>An increase in population due to the project can strain existing housing, affecting both quality and availability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to assess the percentage of the population with access to social services during SIA?

<p>Access to social services is essential for community well-being and can indicate if the project is adding value or exacerbating issues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one way to mitigate potential negative impacts of a planned project on local businesses?

<p>Engaging with local stakeholders to develop partnerships and support for small businesses can help mitigate negative impacts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does community engagement play in SIA?

<p>Community engagement ensures that the concerns and insights of local stakeholders are considered in the impact assessment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identify a key factor to assess when examining the state of public safety in the context of SIA.

<p>The effectiveness and availability of local fire and police services are key factors to assess.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is understanding local land use patterns important in SIA?

<p>Understanding local land use patterns helps identify how the project might affect agriculture and community infrastructure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of conducting an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)?

<p>To evaluate the potential environmental and social impacts of a proposed project and identify measures to mitigate negative effects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

List two key components that an EIA must include regarding the proposed activity.

<p>A detailed description of the proposed activity and an identification of potential positive and adverse effects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does Stage 7 - Monitoring play in the project lifecycle?

<p>It provides data on environmental and social impacts to ensure that mitigation measures are effective and properly implemented.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to identify alternate locations or designs in an EIA?

<p>To mitigate adverse effects that may arise from the proposed project by exploring less harmful options.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can waste management be a critical aspect of an EIA?

<p>It assesses whether the project will produce solid waste during construction, operation, or decommissioning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of assessing potential pollution in an EIA?

<p>To determine if the project could release hazardous substances or pollutants to the land, air, or water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of EIA, explain what is meant by 'contingency plans.'

<p>These are strategic measures developed to address unforeseen adverse environmental impacts during the project.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Mention one natural resource assessment question to consider in an EIA.

<p>Will the project involve the use of non-renewable natural resources in short supply?</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can social conservation values be affected by a proposed project according to EIA guidelines?

<p>A proposed project can impact local communities, culture, and livelihoods through disruptions or changes in land use.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key reason for monitoring ongoing effects after a project is implemented?

<p>To ensure that the project continues to adhere to environmental standards and to address any emerging issues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)?

<p>To evaluate the likely environmental, social, and economic impacts of a proposed project before decision-making.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does 'Screening' play in the EIA process?

<p>Screening determines whether a project should undergo an EIA based on anticipated significant impacts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is 'Scoping' considered a critical step in the EIA process?

<p>Scoping identifies key issues and boundaries to focus on for the EIA, reducing risks of exclusion or misallocation of resources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does public engagement influence the EIA process?

<p>Meaningful public engagement helps identify important issues and ensures that diverse perspectives are considered in the assessment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Impact Assessment & Mitigation' involve in the context of EIA?

<p>It includes a detailed evaluation of the environmental and social impacts of the planned project relative to baseline conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what ways can limiting periods of exposed bare ground minimize environmental impacts during building operations?

<p>It reduces soil erosion and sedimentation into nearby water bodies, thereby protecting local ecosystems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are sediment basins and how do they contribute to environmental protection during construction?

<p>Sediment basins are structures designed to trap coarser sediment, thus managing stormwater runoff and protecting water quality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name two socioeconomic factors that should be considered during the EIA scoping phase.

<p>Cumulative effects and health risks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which stage of the EIA process are mitigation measures proposed?

<p>Mitigation measures are proposed during the impact management stage, which follows the detailed assessment of potential impacts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is included in the EIA report?

<p>The EIA report includes project descriptions, assessments of environmental and social impacts, mitigation measures, and management and monitoring plans.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by 'setting the baseline' in the EIA process?

<p>Setting the baseline involves establishing the current environmental and social conditions against which impacts will be measured.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key outcome that EIA aims to achieve in relation to local environments?

<p>EIA aims to shape projects to suit local environments and preserve ecological integrity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is a resettlement plan necessary in certain EIA projects?

<p>A resettlement plan is necessary when a project impacts communities and requires the displacement of residents.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does national legislation play in the EIA process?

<p>National legislation guides the development of content-specific plans, such as Environmental Management Plans (EMPs), during the EIA process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of Stage 6 in the EIA process?

<p>Stage 6 involves reviewing and licensing the EIA report to ensure quality and adequacy in addressing environmental risks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does an EIA impact human development?

<p>An EIA assesses projects for their potential impacts on communities, which helps to align development with sustainable practices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What types of plans are required as part of the EIA?

<p>Plans such as an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) are compulsory; additional plans may be content-specific based on local guidance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What might happen if the review stage of the EIA identifies major environmental risks?

<p>If major environmental risks are identified, the review may result in project changes or denial of licenses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Social Impact Assessment (SIA)

Analyzing the environmental and social effects of a project, considering how they interact.

Community and Stakeholder Engagement

The process of engaging local communities and stakeholders to get their input and address their concerns.

Workforce Management

Considering the project's impact on the number of jobs and employment rates in the area.

Housing and Accommodation

Assessing the project's effect on housing availability, affordability, and quality.

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Local Business and Industry Content

Examining how the project will influence the local economy, including businesses and industry.

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Health and Community Wellbeing

Evaluating the potential benefits and drawbacks of the project on the health and well-being of the community.

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SIA Indicators

Indicators used in SIA, focusing on the demographics, employment rates, and social service access of a region.

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Access to Essential Services

Assessing the availability and quality of essential services like water, sanitation, and electricity in a region.

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Social Impacts

The broader impacts of projects and developments beyond just natural resources, such as effects on people's lives, culture, and communities.

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People's Way of Life

The way people live, work, play, and interact with each other, including their culture, community, political systems, and health and well-being.

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Culture

Shared beliefs, customs, values, language, and dialects within a community.

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Community Cohesion

The strength of connections and relationships within a community, including social services and facilities.

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Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)

The process of systematically evaluating the potential environmental and social impacts of a proposed project.

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Project Description in EIA

A detailed description of the proposed project, including its location, activities, and potential impacts on the environment and local communities.

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Project Monitoring

The process of obtaining information about the project's environmental and social impacts through regular monitoring activities.

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Natural Resources in EIA

Factors that influence the project's potential impacts, including land use, water resources, and air quality.

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Waste Management in EIA

The waste generated by the project during construction, operation, and decommissioning.

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Pollution and Hazards in EIA

Pollution and hazards caused by the project, including air, water, and soil contamination.

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Social Impacts in EIA

The potential effects of the project on local communities, including health, social services, and cultural heritage.

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Mitigation Measures in EIA

Measures to avoid, reduce, or mitigate the negative environmental and social impacts of the project.

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Alternative Options in EIA

Alternative project locations, designs, or timelines that may reduce negative impacts.

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Monitoring Programme in EIA

A plan to monitor the ongoing impacts of the project after construction and during operation.

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What is Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)?

The process of evaluating the potential environmental, social, and economic impacts of a proposed project before it begins.

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How does UNEP define EIA?

UNEP defines EIA as a tool to predict environmental, social and economic impacts of a project before making decisions about it.

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What is the Screening stage of EIA?

The first stage of EIA, where it is decided whether a full assessment is needed.

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What decision is made during the Screening stage of EIA?

In the Screening stage of EIA, a decision is made to either conduct a full impact assessment or not, based on the expected level of impact.

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What is the Scoping stage of EIA?

This stage of EIA identifies the most important factors and issues to be analyzed.

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What are the key aspects of the Scoping stage of EIA?

Identifying the relevant issues, engaging the public, and setting the scope of the EIA are all key aspects of this stage.

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What happens in the Impact Assessment & Mitigation stage of EIA?

This stage of EIA involves a detailed evaluation of the project's environmental and social impacts.

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What are some ways to describe and mitigate impacts in EIA?

Measures like 'high', 'medium', and 'low' are used to describe the impact of a project, and mitigation measures are developed to reduce negative impacts.

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What is the goal of the Impact Assessment & Mitigation stage?

This stage of EIA involves finding ways to reduce negative impacts and shape projects to suit the local environment.

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Why is it important to follow specific processes in the Screening and Impact stages of EIA?

It ensures legally mandated processes are followed and all projects undergo the same evaluation, promoting fairness and consistency.

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Stage 3 - Impact assessment

A crucial stage in the EIA process where potential impacts of a project are identified and quantified.

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Mitigation measures

This action focuses on implementing measures to reduce or avoid negative impacts identified during the impact assessment stage.

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Environmental Management Plan (EMP)

A comprehensive plan that outlines how a project will manage and monitor its environmental impacts.

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Risk Management

Part of the impact management stage, this involves creating plans to address specific potential issues like technology failures or natural disasters.

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EIA Report

The final product of an EIA process, a report detailing a project's description, environmental and social impacts, mitigation measures, and management plans.

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EIA Report Review

An official review of the EIA report by designated authorities to evaluate the project's overall environmental impacts and determine its acceptability.

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Community Engagement

A key part of the EIA process that involves getting input from the local community and other stakeholders during the planning and decision-making stages.

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Housing Assessment

An assessment of how a project might alter the availability, affordability, and quality of housing in the area.

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Study Notes

What is environmental psychology?

  • The study of the interrelationships between the physical environment and human behaviors
  • Considers how physical environments affect human behaviors
  • Uses a holistic and naturalistic approach
  • Examines how organisms adapt to their surroundings
  • Focuses on the balance and interdependence of organisms and the environment
  • A field of study that developed in the 1960s

Environmental Psychology in Architecture

  • The arrangement of furniture influences how people interact in a room
  • Chair types (soft/reclining or hard/upright) and placement affect interaction
  • Interaction is affected by facing orientation
  • Sociopetal settings encourage interaction
  • Sociofugal settings discourage interaction (e.g., church)
  • Mental health issues increase with urbanization

How does environmental Psychology influence architecture?

  • Locating sinks within a hospital increases handwashing frequency
  • Operable windows in classrooms promote sleepiness (due to light control)

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