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What is one significant environmental impact of coal extraction?
Which phase of fossil fuel use has the greatest effect on landscape alteration?
What is a major consequence of coal washing?
How does the transportation of oil impact the environment?
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What is one of the environmental concerns associated with oil drilling?
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What type of environmental degradation is a result of coal strip mining?
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Which fossil fuel phase contributes exhaust gases to the atmosphere?
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Which of the following best describes the impact of coal mining fires?
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What major environmental issue is caused by the burning of coal?
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Which of the following is a risk associated with coal waste?
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What is a consequence of acid mine drainage?
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What type of pollution results from the cooling process at water plants?
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What was the impact of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill on marine life?
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How long can underground coal fires burn?
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Which chemical compound is often released into the environment from coal emissions?
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What is yellowboy in the context of acid mine drainage?
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What is the primary method used to extract oil from shale rock?
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What is a major environmental concern associated with unconventional gas extraction through hydraulic fracturing?
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What is the main component of tar sands that makes it difficult to extract oil?
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Which of these statements accurately reflects the process used for extracting oil from tar sands?
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What is a significant impact of oil spills on the environment?
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What role does methane play in the process of hydraulic fracturing?
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How does the extraction of shale oil primarily differ from conventional oil extraction?
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What is a common transportation method for fossil fuels, specifically oil?
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What is one of the effects of heavier oil (crude oil) on marine life during spills?
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What is a characteristic of oil that contributes to the smothering of animal life?
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How many tonnes of oil have been spilled in the ocean over the last 50 years?
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What safety feature is required for improved oil tankers to reduce spills?
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Which of the following is NOT listed as a consequence of burning coal and oil?
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What tragic event happened at the Texas City Refinery in 2005?
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What environmental issue can arise from thermal pollution in water bodies?
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Which oil spill is considered to be the largest during the Iraq war?
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Study Notes
Environmental Impacts of Fossil Fuels
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Environmental impacts of extracting, transporting, processing, and burning fossil fuels contribute to environmental degradation across multiple phases:
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Extraction:
- Coal strip mining can alter landscapes, create mine tailings, and generate dust.
- Coal mines can spontaneously combust, releasing significant amounts of CO2 and pollution.
- Oil extraction can impact marine ecosystems, and flaring gas from oil platforms contributes to CO2 emissions and air pollution.
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Transportation:
- Oil transportation by sea and land contributes to CO2 emissions and air pollution.
- Oil spills pose a significant threat to marine life and ecosystems.
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Processing:
- Coal washing is water-intensive, consuming large amounts of water and generating runoff containing coal impurities.
- Oil refineries release toxic gases, greenhouse gases, and wastewater, contributing to air pollution, climate change, and water pollution.
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Burning:
- Coal burning produces air pollutants (SOx, NOx, heavy metals) and contributes to climate change through high CO2 emissions.
- Power plant cooling systems release heated water, leading to thermal pollution in rivers, lakes, and oceans.
- Coal and coal waste products release toxic chemicals, including heavy metals, which pose environmental hazards.
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Coal Industry Impacts
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Coal industry has a significant environmental footprint:
- Strip mining: Severely alters landscapes, reducing the value of natural environments.
- Coal washing: Uses large amounts of water, consuming approximately 45 m3 liters of water per ton of coal processed.
- Coal burning: Contributes to air pollution, climate change, thermal pollution, and releases coal waste containing toxic heavy metals.
Acid Mine Drainage
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Runoff from certain mines can cause local increases in acidity:
- Leads to the formation of "Yellowboy" and sulfuric acid.
- Iron can precipitate to form red, orange, or yellow sediments on streambeds.
Oil Extraction and Spills
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Conventional oil and gas extraction:
- The Deepwater Horizon oil spill in 2010 released 5 million barrels of oil into the Gulf of Mexico, causing significant environmental damage.
- The largest oil spill in history, it cost over 65 billion dollars in fines.
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Unconventional oil extraction:
- Shale oil: Extracted by crushing and heating kerogen-containing rock, leading to environmental impacts like landscape alteration, high energy consumption, and CO2 emissions.
- Tar sand: Oil extraction using steam and chemicals leads to landscape alteration, energy-intensive processes, and environmental pollution.
Unconventional Gas Extraction (Fracking)
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Fracking raises environmental concerns:
- Pollution of groundwater by extraction chemicals.
- Large volumes of wastewater generated, with potential for contamination.
- Release of methane into surrounding geology, potentially leaking into groundwater.
- Using high-pressure water, sand, and chemical additives for extraction poses environmental risks.
Oil Transportation
- Oil shipping: Oil is transported globally via tankers and pipelines, posing risks of accidents and spills.
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Oil spills: Oil spills can have catastrophic consequences for marine life and environments.
- Lighter oils are toxic and volatile, while heavier oils are less toxic but persistent and harmful.
- Oil spills can smother marine life, disrupt marine ecosystems, and prevent sunlight penetration in water bodies.
Oil Spill Hotspots
- Over 4.5 million tonnes of oil have been spilled into the ocean in the past 50 years.
- Significant oil spills include the Deepwater Horizon, Exxon Valdez, and the First Gulf War oil spill.
- Despite efforts to reduce spills, accidents continue to occur.
Refineries
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Oil refineries are polluting industries:
- Air pollution from toxic gases and volatile organic compounds.
- Greenhouse gas emissions contributing to climate change.
- Wastewater generation from production and cleaning processes.
- Risk of explosions and fires due to volatile chemicals and gases.
Environmental Impacts from Burning Coal and Oil
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Burning fossil fuels leads to environmental consequences:
- Air pollution, contributing to respiratory illnesses and other health problems.
- Climate change, driven by greenhouse gas emissions.
- Acid rain, damaging ecosystems and infrastructure.
- Thermal pollution from power plant cooling systems.
Thermal Pollution
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Power plant cooling systems release warmed water, leading to thermal pollution in aquatic environments:
- Warmer water holds less dissolved oxygen, leading to low oxygen conditions and harming aquatic life.
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Description
This quiz explores the various environmental impacts associated with the extraction, transportation, processing, and burning of fossil fuels. It covers topics such as the effects of coal strip mining, oil spills, and the emissions from oil refineries. Test your knowledge on how these activities contribute to environmental degradation.