Environmental Impact Assessment Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Who is responsible for nominating the expert member of the District Level Environment Impact Assessment Authority (DEIAA)?

  • The Divisional Commissioner of the Division or Chief Conservator of Forest (correct)
  • The Central Government
  • The District Magistrate or District Collector
  • The Sub-Divisional Magistrate or Sub-Divisional Officer of the district head quarter

What is the term of the non-official Member and the Chairman of the State Environment Impact Assessment Authority (SEIAA)?

  • One year, renewable annually
  • Three years, extendable by up to twelve months (correct)
  • Five years
  • Indefinite, until replaced by the Central Government

What is the minimum number of members required for the SEIAA to make a decision?

  • Two (correct)
  • Four
  • Three
  • One

Which of the following is NOT a requirement for the Chairman of the SEIAA?

<p>Previous experience in environmental impact assessment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is responsible for constituting the SEIAA as an authority?

<p>The Central Government (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is a member of the DEIAA?

<p>The Sub-Divisional Magistrate or Sub-Divisional Officer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the DEIAA?

<p>To conduct environmental impact assessments at the district level (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where can one find the eligibility criteria for the expert member of the DEIAA?

<p>Appendix VII (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which stage in the environmental clearance process is mandatory for all projects, regardless of category?

<p>Public Consultation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the 'Scoping' stage?

<p>To establish detailed terms of reference for the preparation of an EIA and an Environmental Management Report (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which stage of the environmental clearance process are local communities and stakeholders directly involved?

<p>Public Consultation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Expert Appraisal Committee (EAC) in the environmental clearance process?

<p>To review and assess the environmental impact assessment report and make recommendations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the content, how long is the validity period of an environmental clearance for 'Area Development projects and Townships'?

<p>Ten years (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these types of projects falls under Category 'B' and requires screening?

<p>Building and construction projects (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the timeframe for the regulatory authority to convey its decision on an application for environmental clearance after receiving the recommendations of the Expert Appraisal Committee (EAC)?

<p>Forty-five days (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which stage in the environmental clearance process determines the specific environmental concerns that need to be addressed in an EIA?

<p>Scoping (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary objective of the 'Public Consultation' stage in the environmental clearance process?

<p>To identify and address potential environmental impacts of the project (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following activities is NOT subject to the environmental clearance process as outlined in the content?

<p>Development of a new software application (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of projects require prior environmental clearance from the Central Government?

<p>Category 'A' projects (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following projects are always reviewed at the Central level?

<p>Category &quot;B&quot; projects relating to national defense (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What entity is responsible for recommending environmental clearance for Category 'B2' projects?

<p>District Expert Appraisal Committee (DEAC) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When can a Category "B" project be considered at the Central level?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is responsible for submitting an application for prior environmental clearance for all projects?

<p>Project proponent (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which section outlines the Central Government's power to delegate its responsibilities to other authorities?

<p>Section 3 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which section explicitly grants the Central Government the authority to appoint officers for the implementation of this Act?

<p>Section 4 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the provided excerpt, which section details the legal avenue for appealing against directions issued by the Central Government?

<p>Section 6 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential legal course of action provided by the Act for an individual who feels unjustly impacted by a Central Government directive?

<p>An appeal to the National Green Tribunal (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which section outlines the Central Government's authority to issue directions to various entities, including individuals, officers, and other authorities?

<p>Section 5 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following actions does the Central Government have the explicit power to direct, as mentioned in the excerpt?

<p>Closure of polluting industries (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the 'for the avoidance of doubts' clause in Section 5?

<p>To define the specific types of directives the Central Government can issue (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which section highlights the responsibility of those involved in industrial operations to ensure that their emissions and discharges do not exceed established environmental pollution standards?

<p>Section 7 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the National Green Tribunal in the context of this excerpt?

<p>To act as a forum for appeals against Central Government directives relating to environmental pollution (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key distinction between the authorities mentioned in Section 3 and the officers mentioned in Section 4?

<p>The authorities have broader responsibilities, encompassing more than just specific functions, while the officers are assigned specific tasks (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which section of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 gives the Central Government the authority to restrict areas where certain industries or operations cannot be carried out?

<p>Section 3(2)(v) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Based on the content related to Eco-sensitive Zones, which of the following is NOT mentioned as a key factor considered when prohibiting or restricting industries or operations in an area?

<p>Environmental impact assessment of the project (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a key consideration by the Central Government in declaring Eco-Sensitive Zones or Ecologically Fragile Areas?

<p>Socio-economic impact of the declaration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a specific example of an Eco-sensitive Zone mentioned in the content?

<p>Ganges River Basin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the content, which of these is a key element of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986, to be considered when enacting restrictions on certain areas?

<p>Ensuring environmental compatibility of land use (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which section of the Environment (Protection) Act empowers the Central Government to declare restrictions on activities within specified areas?

<p>Section 3 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Environment (Protection) Act does not mention the term "Eco-Sensitive Zones" explicitly. What aspects of the Act do the Government utilize effectively to declare such zones?

<p>Section 3(2)(v) and the Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a key consideration for the Central Government when establishing Eco-sensitive Zones or Ecologically Fragile Areas, as mentioned in the content?

<p>Proximity to major industrial hubs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the provided text, the central government can restrict areas for certain industries or operations based on which of the following?

<p>The biological diversity of the area (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Based on the content, which of the following is a key factor for the Central Government in determining the location of industries or activities in specific areas?

<p>The ecological sensitivity of the area (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Chairman of SEIAA

An expert who meets eligibility criteria in environmental policy or management, leading the SEIAA.

SEIAA

State Environmental Impact Assessment Authority responsible for decision-making and environmental assessments.

Term duration of SEIAA members

Non-official Member and Chairman serve a fixed term of three years, with a possible extension up to one year.

Decisions of SEIAA

Decisions must be taken in meetings, usually unanimous, but can be by majority with recorded dissent.

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Members of DEIAA

Comprises District Magistrate, Member-Secretary, senior Divisional Forest Officer, and one expert.

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Chairperson of DEIAA

District Magistrate or Collector serves as the Chairperson of the DEIAA.

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Member-Secretary of DEIAA

The Sub-Divisional Magistrate or Officer serves as the Member-Secretary in DEIAA.

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Eligibility criteria for experts

Experts must fulfill specific criteria outlined in Appendix VII for DEIAA membership.

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Category A projects

Projects requiring prior environmental clearance from the Central Government.

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Category B projects

Projects that need clearance from State/Union Territory authority based on SEAC recommendations.

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B2 Category projects

Projects involving minor mineral mining on areas ≤ 5 hectares needing DEIAA clearance.

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Environmental Clearance Process

Consists of a maximum of four stages for new projects or activities.

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DEIAA responsibility

District Environment Impact Assessment Authority handles B2 project clearances.

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Built Up Area

Total constructed space including floors, basements, and service areas in a building project.

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Township Projects

Large development projects covering ≥ 50 ha or built-up area ≥ 150,000 sq.m.

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Eco-Sensitive Zones (ESZ)

Areas where the government restricts industrial activities to protect the environment.

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Environmental Protection Act, 1986

Legislation enabling the government to establish Eco-sensitive Zones for environmental protection.

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Ecologically Fragile Areas (EFA)

Regions recognized for their vulnerability and importance to ecological stability.

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Matheran Eco-sensitive Zone

A designated area around Matheran aimed at conservation and sustainable use.

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Dahanu Taluka EFA

An area declared fragile for ecological reasons in Dahanu, Maharashtra.

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Wildlife Sanctuary ESZs

Protected zones surrounding wildlife sanctuaries to mitigate human impact.

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Central Government Authority

An entity constituted by Central Government to exercise powers under an Act.

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Powers of Authorities

Authorities can perform functions as if empowered directly by the Act.

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Appointment of Officers

Central Government can appoint officers and delegate powers under the Act.

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Power to Direct

Central Government can issue binding written directions to any authority or person.

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Closure Direction

Authority can direct closure, prohibition, or regulation of operations or industries.

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Service Regulation Directions

Includes the power to regulate supply of utilities like electricity and water.

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National Green Tribunal

A tribunal established for appeals against certain administrative directions.

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Appeal Process

Aggrieved persons can appeal decisions made under section 5 to the Tribunal.

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Emission Standards

Industries must not exceed set limits for environmental pollutants.

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Environmental Pollution Control

Measures taken to prevent, control, and abate pollution from industry operations.

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Screening

Initial evaluation of Category 'B' projects to assess if an EIA is needed.

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Scoping

Process of defining Terms of Reference for preparing an EIA and Management Report.

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Public Consultation

Gathering concerns from local stakeholders about environmental impacts.

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Appraisal

Detailed scrutiny of the project application by an expert committee.

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Environmental Clearance (EC)

Approval process for projects to ensure compliance with environmental regulations.

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Validity of EC

Duration for which the Environmental Clearance is effective, typically ten years for certain projects.

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Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)

A study to evaluate the potential environmental effects of a project.

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Expert Appraisal Committee (EAC)

Group that reviews project applications for Environmental Clearance.

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Terms of Reference (ToR)

Detailed framework to guide the preparation of an EIA.

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Study Notes

The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 & Environmental Clearance, Environments Impact Assessment

  • The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986, is an act to provide for the protection and improvement of environment and for matters connected therewith.
  • Statement of Objects and Reasons: Concern over environmental quality has grown worldwide since the 1960s, evidenced by increasing pollution, loss of biodiversity, and risks of environmental accidents.
  • Existing laws dealing with various environmental matters are insufficient. A general legislation is needed focusing on specific pollution types.
  • Current regulatory agencies are fragmented. A single authority is needed for comprehensive environmental protection.
  • The act aims to protect and improve the quality of the environment through effective coordination, regulation, and swift response to environmental emergencies.

Preliminary

  • Short title, extent, and commencement:
    • This act is called the Environment Protection Act, 1986.
    • It extends to the entire India.
    • Came into force on 19/11/1986.
  • Definitions:
    • "Environment" includes water, air, land, and the interrelationships between them, and human beings, other living creatures, plants, micro-organisms, and property.

General Powers of the Central Government

  • Central Government's powers to take measures for environmental protection and improvement.
  • Appointment of officers and their powers, and functions.
  • Power to give directions
  • Appeal to National Green Tribunal

Prevention, Control & Abatement of Environmental Pollution

  • Sections 7 & 8: Industries/operations not to exceed emission standards; individuals handling hazardous substances must adhere to procedural safeguards.
  • Section 12: Environmental Laboratories Section 14A: Penalties for Section 7 or 8 violations
  • Section 15: Penalty for violations of provisions in the Act, Rules, orders, and directions.
  • Section 15A: Penalties for violations by companies
  • Section 15B: Penalties for violations by Government departments
  • Section 15C: Adjudicating officer
  • Section 15D: Appeal provisions
  • Section 15E: Penalty amount to be credited to Environmental Protection Fund.

Chapter-III-A

  • Section 16: Environmental Protection Fund: Rules for establishment, accounts, and audit.

Chapter-IV

  • Section 18: Protection of action taken in good faith.

Environmental Clearance (EC)

  • Projects above a certain threshold must be cleared by the regulatory authority, assessing environmental factors.
  • The authority directs corrective actions when needed for environmental protection.

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)

  • EIA is a tool for integrating development activities with environmental protection.
  • It helps prevent future liabilities, identifying impacts and creating mitigation plans

Global Warming

  • Earth has warmed at unprecedented rates recently, causing extreme weather events.
  • Global warming often refers to climate warming due to increased greenhouse gas emissions from human activities.
  • Global warming impacts include: Rising sea levels, changing rainfall patterns, increased extreme weather, melting glaciers, loss of biodiversity, spread of disease.

Greenhouse Effect

  • The greenhouse effect is a naturally occurring phenomenon that helps maintain Earth's temperature for life.
  • Human-generated emissions are disrupting this natural balance.

The Polluter Pays Principle

  • The polluter is liable to compensate for damages caused to the environment or degradation caused.

Eco-Sensitive Zones

  • The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986, mentions the restrictions for industries, operations, or processes or categories within certain areas.
  • These rules are used to declare Eco-Sensitive Zones (ESZs).
  • ESZs consider considerations like biodiversity, pollution tolerance, and proximity to protected areas.

Schedules (Specific Examples)

  • Specific examples of projects and activities are provided in the schedule.
  • The examples include Building and Construction projects, Townships and Area Development projects, and other designated activities needing prior Environmental Clearance.

Applications for Prior Environmental Clearance (EC)

  • Application procedures (Steps in the clearance seeking process) for new projects, categorized as "A" or "B".

Grant or Rejection of Prior Environmental Clearance (EC)

  • The regulatory authority will consider recommendations and convey decisions to the applicant within 45 days.

Validity of Environmental Clearance (EC)

  • Validities vary by project type.

Enforcement

  • The State Government is responsible for the enforcement mechanism for related to this Act.

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