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Questions and Answers
Who is responsible for nominating the expert member of the District Level Environment Impact Assessment Authority (DEIAA)?
Who is responsible for nominating the expert member of the District Level Environment Impact Assessment Authority (DEIAA)?
- The Divisional Commissioner of the Division or Chief Conservator of Forest (correct)
- The Central Government
- The District Magistrate or District Collector
- The Sub-Divisional Magistrate or Sub-Divisional Officer of the district head quarter
What is the term of the non-official Member and the Chairman of the State Environment Impact Assessment Authority (SEIAA)?
What is the term of the non-official Member and the Chairman of the State Environment Impact Assessment Authority (SEIAA)?
- One year, renewable annually
- Three years, extendable by up to twelve months (correct)
- Five years
- Indefinite, until replaced by the Central Government
What is the minimum number of members required for the SEIAA to make a decision?
What is the minimum number of members required for the SEIAA to make a decision?
- Two (correct)
- Four
- Three
- One
Which of the following is NOT a requirement for the Chairman of the SEIAA?
Which of the following is NOT a requirement for the Chairman of the SEIAA?
Who is responsible for constituting the SEIAA as an authority?
Who is responsible for constituting the SEIAA as an authority?
Which of these is a member of the DEIAA?
Which of these is a member of the DEIAA?
What is the primary purpose of the DEIAA?
What is the primary purpose of the DEIAA?
Where can one find the eligibility criteria for the expert member of the DEIAA?
Where can one find the eligibility criteria for the expert member of the DEIAA?
Which stage in the environmental clearance process is mandatory for all projects, regardless of category?
Which stage in the environmental clearance process is mandatory for all projects, regardless of category?
What is the primary purpose of the 'Scoping' stage?
What is the primary purpose of the 'Scoping' stage?
In which stage of the environmental clearance process are local communities and stakeholders directly involved?
In which stage of the environmental clearance process are local communities and stakeholders directly involved?
What is the role of the Expert Appraisal Committee (EAC) in the environmental clearance process?
What is the role of the Expert Appraisal Committee (EAC) in the environmental clearance process?
According to the content, how long is the validity period of an environmental clearance for 'Area Development projects and Townships'?
According to the content, how long is the validity period of an environmental clearance for 'Area Development projects and Townships'?
Which of these types of projects falls under Category 'B' and requires screening?
Which of these types of projects falls under Category 'B' and requires screening?
What is the timeframe for the regulatory authority to convey its decision on an application for environmental clearance after receiving the recommendations of the Expert Appraisal Committee (EAC)?
What is the timeframe for the regulatory authority to convey its decision on an application for environmental clearance after receiving the recommendations of the Expert Appraisal Committee (EAC)?
Which stage in the environmental clearance process determines the specific environmental concerns that need to be addressed in an EIA?
Which stage in the environmental clearance process determines the specific environmental concerns that need to be addressed in an EIA?
What is the primary objective of the 'Public Consultation' stage in the environmental clearance process?
What is the primary objective of the 'Public Consultation' stage in the environmental clearance process?
Which of the following activities is NOT subject to the environmental clearance process as outlined in the content?
Which of the following activities is NOT subject to the environmental clearance process as outlined in the content?
What type of projects require prior environmental clearance from the Central Government?
What type of projects require prior environmental clearance from the Central Government?
Which of the following projects are always reviewed at the Central level?
Which of the following projects are always reviewed at the Central level?
What entity is responsible for recommending environmental clearance for Category 'B2' projects?
What entity is responsible for recommending environmental clearance for Category 'B2' projects?
When can a Category "B" project be considered at the Central level?
When can a Category "B" project be considered at the Central level?
Who is responsible for submitting an application for prior environmental clearance for all projects?
Who is responsible for submitting an application for prior environmental clearance for all projects?
Which section outlines the Central Government's power to delegate its responsibilities to other authorities?
Which section outlines the Central Government's power to delegate its responsibilities to other authorities?
Which section explicitly grants the Central Government the authority to appoint officers for the implementation of this Act?
Which section explicitly grants the Central Government the authority to appoint officers for the implementation of this Act?
According to the provided excerpt, which section details the legal avenue for appealing against directions issued by the Central Government?
According to the provided excerpt, which section details the legal avenue for appealing against directions issued by the Central Government?
Which of the following is a potential legal course of action provided by the Act for an individual who feels unjustly impacted by a Central Government directive?
Which of the following is a potential legal course of action provided by the Act for an individual who feels unjustly impacted by a Central Government directive?
Which section outlines the Central Government's authority to issue directions to various entities, including individuals, officers, and other authorities?
Which section outlines the Central Government's authority to issue directions to various entities, including individuals, officers, and other authorities?
Which of the following actions does the Central Government have the explicit power to direct, as mentioned in the excerpt?
Which of the following actions does the Central Government have the explicit power to direct, as mentioned in the excerpt?
What is the purpose of the 'for the avoidance of doubts' clause in Section 5?
What is the purpose of the 'for the avoidance of doubts' clause in Section 5?
Which section highlights the responsibility of those involved in industrial operations to ensure that their emissions and discharges do not exceed established environmental pollution standards?
Which section highlights the responsibility of those involved in industrial operations to ensure that their emissions and discharges do not exceed established environmental pollution standards?
What is the role of the National Green Tribunal in the context of this excerpt?
What is the role of the National Green Tribunal in the context of this excerpt?
What is the key distinction between the authorities mentioned in Section 3 and the officers mentioned in Section 4?
What is the key distinction between the authorities mentioned in Section 3 and the officers mentioned in Section 4?
Which section of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 gives the Central Government the authority to restrict areas where certain industries or operations cannot be carried out?
Which section of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 gives the Central Government the authority to restrict areas where certain industries or operations cannot be carried out?
Based on the content related to Eco-sensitive Zones, which of the following is NOT mentioned as a key factor considered when prohibiting or restricting industries or operations in an area?
Based on the content related to Eco-sensitive Zones, which of the following is NOT mentioned as a key factor considered when prohibiting or restricting industries or operations in an area?
Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a key consideration by the Central Government in declaring Eco-Sensitive Zones or Ecologically Fragile Areas?
Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a key consideration by the Central Government in declaring Eco-Sensitive Zones or Ecologically Fragile Areas?
Which of the following is NOT a specific example of an Eco-sensitive Zone mentioned in the content?
Which of the following is NOT a specific example of an Eco-sensitive Zone mentioned in the content?
According to the content, which of these is a key element of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986, to be considered when enacting restrictions on certain areas?
According to the content, which of these is a key element of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986, to be considered when enacting restrictions on certain areas?
Which section of the Environment (Protection) Act empowers the Central Government to declare restrictions on activities within specified areas?
Which section of the Environment (Protection) Act empowers the Central Government to declare restrictions on activities within specified areas?
The Environment (Protection) Act does not mention the term "Eco-Sensitive Zones" explicitly. What aspects of the Act do the Government utilize effectively to declare such zones?
The Environment (Protection) Act does not mention the term "Eco-Sensitive Zones" explicitly. What aspects of the Act do the Government utilize effectively to declare such zones?
Which of the following is NOT a key consideration for the Central Government when establishing Eco-sensitive Zones or Ecologically Fragile Areas, as mentioned in the content?
Which of the following is NOT a key consideration for the Central Government when establishing Eco-sensitive Zones or Ecologically Fragile Areas, as mentioned in the content?
According to the provided text, the central government can restrict areas for certain industries or operations based on which of the following?
According to the provided text, the central government can restrict areas for certain industries or operations based on which of the following?
Based on the content, which of the following is a key factor for the Central Government in determining the location of industries or activities in specific areas?
Based on the content, which of the following is a key factor for the Central Government in determining the location of industries or activities in specific areas?
Flashcards
Chairman of SEIAA
Chairman of SEIAA
An expert who meets eligibility criteria in environmental policy or management, leading the SEIAA.
SEIAA
SEIAA
State Environmental Impact Assessment Authority responsible for decision-making and environmental assessments.
Term duration of SEIAA members
Term duration of SEIAA members
Non-official Member and Chairman serve a fixed term of three years, with a possible extension up to one year.
Decisions of SEIAA
Decisions of SEIAA
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Members of DEIAA
Members of DEIAA
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Chairperson of DEIAA
Chairperson of DEIAA
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Member-Secretary of DEIAA
Member-Secretary of DEIAA
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Eligibility criteria for experts
Eligibility criteria for experts
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Category A projects
Category A projects
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Category B projects
Category B projects
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B2 Category projects
B2 Category projects
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Environmental Clearance Process
Environmental Clearance Process
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DEIAA responsibility
DEIAA responsibility
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Built Up Area
Built Up Area
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Township Projects
Township Projects
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Eco-Sensitive Zones (ESZ)
Eco-Sensitive Zones (ESZ)
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Environmental Protection Act, 1986
Environmental Protection Act, 1986
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Ecologically Fragile Areas (EFA)
Ecologically Fragile Areas (EFA)
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Matheran Eco-sensitive Zone
Matheran Eco-sensitive Zone
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Dahanu Taluka EFA
Dahanu Taluka EFA
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Wildlife Sanctuary ESZs
Wildlife Sanctuary ESZs
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Central Government Authority
Central Government Authority
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Powers of Authorities
Powers of Authorities
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Appointment of Officers
Appointment of Officers
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Power to Direct
Power to Direct
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Closure Direction
Closure Direction
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Service Regulation Directions
Service Regulation Directions
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National Green Tribunal
National Green Tribunal
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Appeal Process
Appeal Process
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Emission Standards
Emission Standards
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Environmental Pollution Control
Environmental Pollution Control
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Screening
Screening
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Scoping
Scoping
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Public Consultation
Public Consultation
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Appraisal
Appraisal
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Environmental Clearance (EC)
Environmental Clearance (EC)
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Validity of EC
Validity of EC
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Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
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Expert Appraisal Committee (EAC)
Expert Appraisal Committee (EAC)
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Terms of Reference (ToR)
Terms of Reference (ToR)
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Study Notes
The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 & Environmental Clearance, Environments Impact Assessment
- The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986, is an act to provide for the protection and improvement of environment and for matters connected therewith.
- Statement of Objects and Reasons: Concern over environmental quality has grown worldwide since the 1960s, evidenced by increasing pollution, loss of biodiversity, and risks of environmental accidents.
- Existing laws dealing with various environmental matters are insufficient. A general legislation is needed focusing on specific pollution types.
- Current regulatory agencies are fragmented. A single authority is needed for comprehensive environmental protection.
- The act aims to protect and improve the quality of the environment through effective coordination, regulation, and swift response to environmental emergencies.
Preliminary
- Short title, extent, and commencement:
- This act is called the Environment Protection Act, 1986.
- It extends to the entire India.
- Came into force on 19/11/1986.
- Definitions:
- "Environment" includes water, air, land, and the interrelationships between them, and human beings, other living creatures, plants, micro-organisms, and property.
General Powers of the Central Government
- Central Government's powers to take measures for environmental protection and improvement.
- Appointment of officers and their powers, and functions.
- Power to give directions
- Appeal to National Green Tribunal
Prevention, Control & Abatement of Environmental Pollution
- Sections 7 & 8: Industries/operations not to exceed emission standards; individuals handling hazardous substances must adhere to procedural safeguards.
- Section 12: Environmental Laboratories Section 14A: Penalties for Section 7 or 8 violations
- Section 15: Penalty for violations of provisions in the Act, Rules, orders, and directions.
- Section 15A: Penalties for violations by companies
- Section 15B: Penalties for violations by Government departments
- Section 15C: Adjudicating officer
- Section 15D: Appeal provisions
- Section 15E: Penalty amount to be credited to Environmental Protection Fund.
Chapter-III-A
- Section 16: Environmental Protection Fund: Rules for establishment, accounts, and audit.
Chapter-IV
- Section 18: Protection of action taken in good faith.
Environmental Clearance (EC)
- Projects above a certain threshold must be cleared by the regulatory authority, assessing environmental factors.
- The authority directs corrective actions when needed for environmental protection.
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
- EIA is a tool for integrating development activities with environmental protection.
- It helps prevent future liabilities, identifying impacts and creating mitigation plans
Global Warming
- Earth has warmed at unprecedented rates recently, causing extreme weather events.
- Global warming often refers to climate warming due to increased greenhouse gas emissions from human activities.
- Global warming impacts include: Rising sea levels, changing rainfall patterns, increased extreme weather, melting glaciers, loss of biodiversity, spread of disease.
Greenhouse Effect
- The greenhouse effect is a naturally occurring phenomenon that helps maintain Earth's temperature for life.
- Human-generated emissions are disrupting this natural balance.
The Polluter Pays Principle
- The polluter is liable to compensate for damages caused to the environment or degradation caused.
Eco-Sensitive Zones
- The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986, mentions the restrictions for industries, operations, or processes or categories within certain areas.
- These rules are used to declare Eco-Sensitive Zones (ESZs).
- ESZs consider considerations like biodiversity, pollution tolerance, and proximity to protected areas.
Schedules (Specific Examples)
- Specific examples of projects and activities are provided in the schedule.
- The examples include Building and Construction projects, Townships and Area Development projects, and other designated activities needing prior Environmental Clearance.
Applications for Prior Environmental Clearance (EC)
- Application procedures (Steps in the clearance seeking process) for new projects, categorized as "A" or "B".
Grant or Rejection of Prior Environmental Clearance (EC)
- The regulatory authority will consider recommendations and convey decisions to the applicant within 45 days.
Validity of Environmental Clearance (EC)
- Validities vary by project type.
Enforcement
- The State Government is responsible for the enforcement mechanism for related to this Act.
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